World History, Grades 9-12 Human Journey Full Survey

by Holt Mcdougal

• ISBN13: 9780030509674
• ISBN10: 003050967X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School

Table of Contents

How to Use Your Textbook	xxvi
Why History Matters Today	xxx
Themes in World History	xxxii
Essential Elements of Geography	1
Skills Handbook	1
Critical Thinking and the Study of History	1
Becoming a Strategic Reader	4
Standardized Test-Taking Strategies	12
The Geographer's Tool Kit	16
Atlas	1
UNIT 1 The Beginnings of Civilization	1	(99)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Geography	2	(2)
The Emergence of Civilization (3,700,000 B.C. - 1200 B.C.)	4	(14)
Prehistoric Peoples	6	(5)
History Maker: Lucy	7	(1)
What If? The Ice Age	8	(1)
Connecting to Art: Sculpture: Cro-Magnon Carving	8	(3)
The Foundations of Civilization	11	(7)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using a Time Line	14	(2)
Review	16	(2)
The First Civilizations (c. 6000 B.C. - 587 B.C.)	18	(32)
Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile	20	(6)
Connecting to Art: Metalworking: Funeral Mask of a Pharaoh	22	(2)
History Maker: Hatshepsut	24	(2)
Egyptian Life and Culture	26	(4)
Sumerian Civilization	30	(5)
Skill-Building Strategies: Evaluating Sources of Evidence	33	(1)
Young People in History: Ancient Schools	34	(1)
Empires of the Fertile Crescent	35	(6)
History Maker: Hammurabi	36	(5)
The Phoenicians and the Lydians	41	(3)
What If? The Phoenician Alphabet	42	(1)
Daily Life: Money	43	(1)
The Origins of Judaism	44	(6)
Review	48	(2)
Ancient Indian Civilizations (c.2500 B.C.-A.D. 550)	50	(24)
Indus River Valley Civilization	52	(4)
Skill-Building Strategies: Categorizing Historical Information	54	(1)
Connecting to Economics: Industry and Trade in the Indus River Valley	55	(1)
Indo-Aryan Migrants	56	(4)
Connecting to Science and Technology: The Tools of Archaeology	58	(2)
Hinduism and Buddhism	60	(6)
Ancient Indian Dynasties and Empires	66	(3)
History Maker: Asoka	67	(2)
Ancient Indian Life and Culture	69	(5)
Then and Now: Fairy Tales	70	(2)
Review	72	(2)
Ancient Chinese Civilization (c. 1500 B.C.-A.D. 589)	74	(26)
Geographic and Cultural Influences	76	(4)
Skill-Building Strategies: Reviewing Map Basics	77	(3)
The Shang Dynasty	80	(4)
Connecting to Art: Metalworking: Ancient Bronze Vessel	81	(3)
The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties	84	(5)
Then and Now: Civil Service	87	(1)
History Maker: Liu Ch'e	88	(1)
Philosophies of Ancient China	89	(4)
What If? Confucianism	90	(3)
Chinese Life and Culture	93	(7)
Review	96	(2)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Literature --- Ancient Worldviews	98	(1)
Unit 1 Review	99	(1)
UNIT 2 The Growth of Civilizations	100	(116)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Government	102	(2)
The Greek City-States (c. 2000 B.C.-404 B.C.)	104	(24)
Early Greeks and the Rise of City-States	106	(4)
Greek Government and Society	110	(3)
Then and Now: Stadiums	111	(2)
Sparta and Athens	113	(5)
Connecting to Civics: Rights and Responsibilities in Ancient Greece	115	(1)
Skill-Building Strategies: Analyzing Historical Context	116	(2)
Daily Life in Athens	118	(3)
History Maker: Sappho	119	(2)
The Expansion of Greece	121	(7)
History Maker: Pericles	123	(3)
Review	126	(2)
Greece's Golden and Hellenistic Ages (478 B.C. - 146 B.C.)	128	(20)
Greek Art of the Golden Age	130	(3)
Connecting to Art: Sculpture: Greek Funeral Stele	131	(2)
Philosophers and Writers of the Golden Age	133	(5)
History Maker: Socrates	134	(1)
Connecting to Math: The Pythagorean Theorem	135	(3)
Alexander the Great	138	(4)
Then and Now: Memorials	140	(1)
What If? Alexander's Empire	141	(1)
The Spread of Hellenistic Culture	142	(6)
History Maker: Archimedes	143	(1)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using Models to Understand History	144	(2)
Review	146	(2)
The Roman World (1000 B.C.-A.D. 476)	148	(32)
Founding the Roman Republic	150	(5)
Primary Source Eyewitness: Romulus and Remus: The Legend	151	(4)
Rome Expands Its Borders	155	(3)
History Maker: Spartacus	157	(1)
The Birth of the Roman Empire	158	(4)
History Maker: Julius Caesar	159	(1)
What If? Julius Caesar	159	(1)
History Maker: Augustus	160	(2)
Roman Society and Culture	162	(10)
Daily Life: Baths	165	(1)
Connecting to Science and Technology: The Roman Aqueducts	166	(2)
The Rise of Christianity	168	(4)
The Fall of the Western Empire	172	(4)
Skill-Building Strategies: Making Generalizations and Predictions	176	(4)
Then and Now: Rome: An Enduring Legacy	177	(1)
Review	178	(2)
Africa (1800 B.C.-A.D. 1500)	180	(18)
Africa's Early History	182	(5)
Daily Life: The Storytellers	184	(1)
Then and Now: Trumpets	185	(2)
The Kingdoms of Kush and Aksum	187	(4)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using Artifacts as Historical Evidence	189	(1)
History Maker: King 'Ezana	190	(1)
Trading States of Africa	191	(7)
Connecting to Art: Sculpture: Royal Figure from West Africa	193	(1)
History Maker: Mansa Musa	194	(2)
Review	196	(2)
The Americas (1800 B.C. - A.D. 1500)	198	(18)
The Earliest Americans	200	(3)
Daily Life: Hunter-Gatherers	202	(1)
Cultures of North America	203	(5)
Young People in History: Young Native Americans	205	(1)
Skill-Building Strategies: Formulating a Thesis Statement	206	(2)
Mesoamerica and Andean South America	208	(8)
Connecting to Science and Technology: Ancient Maya Astronomers	209	(2)
History Maker: Juanita	211	(1)
Review	212	(2)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Literature --- Morality Tales	214	(1)
Unit 2 Review	215	(1)
UNIT 3 The World in Transition	216	(132)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Culture	218	(2)
The Byzantine Empire and Russia (A.D.395-A.D. 1589)	220	(18)
The Byzantine Empire	222	(7)
History Maker: Empress Theodora	224	(1)
Skill-Building Strategies: Identifying Bias	225	(4)
The Rise of Russia	229	(4)
History Maker: Yaroslav the Wise	231	(1)
Then and Now: Town Meetings	231	(2)
Russia and the Mongols	233	(5)
History Maker: Ivan the Terrible	234	(2)
Review	236	(2)
The Islamic World (A.D.570-A.D. 1250)	238	(26)
The Rise of Islam	240	(3)
The Spread of Islam	243	(5)
History Maker: Rabi'ah al-'Adawiyah	245	(1)
Skill-Building Strategies: Understanding Sequence	246	(2)
Islamic Civilization	248	(16)
Connecting to Science and Technology: Muslim Medicine	250	(3)
Connecting to Art: Weaving: Carpets of the Muslim World	253	(1)
Review	254	(2)
Cross-Cultural Connections: World Religions	256	(1)
History Maker: Abraham	257	(1)
History Maker: Mahavira	258	(1)
History Maker: Siddhartha Gautama	259	(1)
History Maker: Confucius	260	(1)
History Maker: Jesus	261	(1)
History Maker: Muhammad	262	(2)
The Civilizations of East Asia (A.D.552-A.D. 1573)	264	(22)
China Under the Sui, Tang, and Sung Dynasties	266	(6)
Connecting to Science and Technology: The Grand Canal	267	(2)
History Maker: Empress Wu	269	(3)
The Mongol Empire	272	(4)
History Maker: Kublai Khan	274	(2)
Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia	276	(10)
Young People in History: Training to Become a Samurai	278	(1)
Skill-Building Strategies: Reading a Chart	279	(5)
Review	284	(2)
The Rise of the Middle Ages (A.D.432-A.D. 1328)	286	(30)
The Rise of the Franks	288	(6)
History Maker: Charlemagne	289	(5)
Feudalism and the Manorial System	294	(6)
Skill-Building Strategies: Establishing a Fact from a Values Statement	296	(2)
Young People in History: Preparing for Life as a Noblewoman	298	(2)
The Church	300	(4)
Connecting to Art: Print Design: The Lindisfarne Gospels	301	(1)
History Maker: Hildegard of Bingen	302	(1)
Daily Life: The Parish Church	303	(1)
The Struggle for Power in England and France	304	(6)
History Maker: Eleanor of Aquitaine	306	(1)
Connecting to Civics: Magna Carta	307	(3)
The Clash over Germany and Italy	310	(6)
Then and Now: The Pope	312	(2)
Review	314	(2)
The High Middle Ages (1000-1500)	316	(32)
The Crusades	318	(5)
What If? The Crusades	319	(3)
Connecting to Geography: The World of Arab Geographers	322	(1)
The Revival of Trade	323	(4)
Connecting to Economics: Trade Fairs of the Middle Ages	325	(2)
The Growth of Towns	327	(4)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using Maps to Analyze Historical Patterns	329	(2)
Life and Culture in the Middle Ages	331	(5)
History Maker: Thomas Aquinas	334	(2)
Wars and the Growth of Nations	336	(5)
History Maker: Joan of Arc	338	(3)
Challenges to Church Power	341	(7)
Review	344	(2)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Literature --- Epic Poetry	346	(1)
Unit 3 Review	347	(1)
UNIT 4 The Age of Exploration and Expansion	348	(100)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Economics	350	(2)
The Renaissance and Reformation (1350-1700)	352	(28)
The Italian Renaissance	354	(5)
History Maker: Isabella d'Este	355	(2)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using Art to Understand Values	357	(2)
The Northern Renaissance	359	(4)
The Protestant Reformation	363	(5)
History Maker: Martin Luther	364	(4)
The Catholic Reformation	368	(4)
Daily Life: Effects of the Inquisition	369	(3)
Culture and Daily Life	372	(8)
Then and Now: Games	374	(1)
Connecting to Science and Technology: The Printing Press	375	(3)
Review	378	(2)
Exploration and Expansion (1400-1800)	380	(30)
The Scientific Revolution	382	(6)
History Maker: Nicolaus Copernicus	383	(1)
Connecting to Math: Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion	384	(1)
History Maker: Galileo Galilei	385	(1)
History Maker: Rene Descartes	386	(2)
The Foundations of European Exploration	388	(4)
Connecting to Science and Technology: The Astrolabe - An Early Guidance System	389	(2)
Daily Life: The New Commercial Economy	391	(1)
Voyages of Portugal and Spain	392	(8)
History Maker: Queen Isabella	393	(1)
Connecting to Geography: The Columbian Exchange	394	(1)
History Maker: Ferdinand Magellan	395	(4)
Primary Source Eyewitness: Olaudah Equiano	399	(1)
The Spanish and Dutch Empires	400	(10)
Connecting to Art: Painting: Young Woman with Water Jug	403	(3)
Skill-Building Strategies: Making Charts	406	(2)
Review	408	(2)
Asia in Transition (1368-1868)	410	(20)
The Ming and Qing Dynasties	412	(5)
What If? Sea Power	413	(1)
History Maker: Hsuan-yeh	414	(3)
China and Europeans	417	(5)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using the Internet in Historical Research	420	(2)
The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan	422	(8)
History Maker: Toyotomi Hideyoshi	423	(2)
Connecting to Art: Theater: Kabuki	425	(3)
Review	428	(2)
Islamic Empires in Asia (1300-1700)	430	(18)
The Ottoman Empire	432	(4)
History Maker: Suleyman the Magnificent	434	(2)
The Safavid Empire	436	(3)
The Mughal Empire in India	439	(9)
Skill-Building Strategies: Understanding Frames of Reference	442	(4)
Review .444
Cross-Cultural Connections: Literature --- Styles of Verse	446	(1)
Unit 4 Review	447	(1)
UNIT 5 From Absolutism to Revolution	448	(90)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Constitutional Heritage	450	(2)
Monarchs of Europe (1500-1800)	452	(24)
France in the Age of Absolutism	454	(5)
Young People in History: The Boy King	456	(3)
Russia in the Age of Absolutism	459	(6)
Skill-Building Strategies: Drawing Inferences	461	(1)
History Maker: Peter the Great	462	(2)
History Maker: Catherine the Great	464	(1)
Central Europe in the Age of Absolutism	465	(5)
Daily Life: Dressing for Success	466	(4)
The English Monarchy	470	(6)
History Maker: Elizabeth	471	(1)
Then and Now: The Globe Theatre	472	(2)
Review	474	(2)
Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America (1550-1789)	476	(30)
Civil War and Revolution	478	(5)
What If? The English Civil War	480	(1)
Connecting to Civics: Constitutionalism	481	(2)
Constitutional Monarchy in England	483	(7)
History Maker: John Locke	485	(1)
Skill-Building Strategies: Identifying Points of View	486	(4)
English Colonial Expansion	490	(4)
Connecting to Economics: Mercantilism	493	(1)
The Enlightenment	494	(3)
History Maker: Mary Wollstonecraft	496	(1)
The American Revolution	497	(9)
Young People in History: Young Patriots	499	(4)
History Maker: George Washington	503	(1)
Review	504	(2)
The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789-1815)	506	(32)
The Roots of Revolution	508	(4)
History Maker: Marie-Antoinette	510	(2)
The French Revolution	512	(5)
Connecting to Civics: Two Declarations of Freedom	514	(3)
The French Republic	517	(6)
Connecting to Art: Painting: The Death of Marat	518	(3)
History Maker: Napoleon Bonaparte	521	(2)
The Napoleonic Era	523	(6)
A Return to Peace	529	(9)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using Outlines	532	(2)
Review	534	(2)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Literature --- Political Satire	536	(1)
Unit 5 Review	537	(1)
UNIT 6 Industrialization and Nationalism	538	(154)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Science, Technology, and Society	540	(2)
The Industrial Revolution (1600-1901)	542	(28)
Origins of the Industrial Revolution	544	(7)
Daily Life: Industrialization and Sports	546	(3)
Skill-Building Strategies: Determining Cause and Effect	549	(2)
The Factory System	551	(4)
Connecting to Science and Technology: Thonet Rocker	552	(1)
Young People in History: Young Factory Workers	553	(2)
New Methods and Business Organizations	555	(4)
Living and Working Conditions	559	(5)
History Maker: Adam Smith	560	(4)
Socialism	564	(6)
History Maker: Karl Marx	565	(3)
Review	568	(2)
Life in the Industrial Age (1800-1928)	570	(30)
Advances in Technology and Communication	572	(4)
Connecting to Science and Technology: Petroleum and the Industrial Age	575	(1)
Advances in Science and Medicine	576	(7)
Then and Now: Science Fiction	578	(3)
History Makers: Pierre and Marie Curie	581	(1)
Connecting to Math: E = mc2	582	(1)
Social Sciences in the Industrial Age	583	(3)
History Maker: Sigmund Freud	585	(1)
Society and Culture in the Industrial Age	586	(6)
History Maker: Jane Addams	588	(2)
Daily Life: Leisure Time	590	(2)
Literature, Music, and Art in the Industrial Age	592	(8)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using Art as a Historical Document	595	(3)
Review	598	(2)
The Age of Reform (1791-1911)	600	(30)
Liberal Reforms in Great Britain and Its Empire	602	(7)
Primary Source Eyewitness: Suffrage and the Chartists	603	(1)
Connecting to Geography: The Irish Potato Famine	604	(1)
History Maker: Emmeline Pankhurst	605	(1)
What If? Great Britain and the American Revolution	606	(3)
Expansion and Reform in the United States	609	(6)
Connecting to Civics: The Civil War Amendments	611	(2)
Skill-Building Strategies: Reading Graphs	613	(1)
History Maker: Elizabeth Cady Stanton	614	(1)
Revolution and Reform in France	615	(6)
Primary Source Eyewitness: Republicanism under Louis-Napoleon	616	(1)
Connecting to Art: Painting: The Gleaners	617	(1)
History Maker: Florence Nightingale	618	(3)
Latin Americans Win Independence	621	(9)
History Maker: Simon Bolivar	622	(2)
History Maker: Toussaint-Louverture	624	(1)
Daily Life: Rancheros	624	(4)
Review	628	(2)
Nationalism in Europe (1806-1913)	630	(30)
The Unification of Italy	632	(5)
History Maker: Giuseppe Garibaldi	634	(1)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using a Problem-Solving Process	635	(2)
The Unification of Germany	637	(6)
History Maker: Otto von Bismarck	639	(1)
Connecting to Civics: Nationalism	640	(3)
Opposition to Bismarck	643	(4)
What If? Bismarck	645	(2)
Reform and Revolution in Russia	647	(6)
Connecting to Art: Metalworking: Faberge Egg	649	(4)
Unrest in Austria-Hungary	653	(7)
Then and Now: The Balkans	655	(3)
Review	658	(2)
The Age of Imperialism (1830-1917)	660	(32)
The Roots of Western Imperialism	662	(4)
European Claims in North Africa	666	(4)
Skill-Building Strategies: Using a Decision-Making Process	667	(3)
European Claims in Sub-Saharan Africa	670	(5)
History Maker: Samory Toure	671	(3)
Connecting to Geography: The Berlin Conference	674	(1)
Expansion in Asia	675	(7)
History Maker: Queen Liliuokalani	681	(1)
Imperialism in Latin America	682	(10)
Connecting to Economics: Dollar Diplomacy	686	(2)
Review	688	(2)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Literature --- Nationalism and Literature	690	(1)
Unit 6 Review	691	(1)
UNIT 7 World War in the Twentieth Century	692	(122)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Global Relations	694	(2)
World War I and the Russian Revolution (c. 1880- 1920)	696	(30)
Setting the Stage for War	698	(6)
World War I: A New Kind of War	704	(7)
Connecting to Science and Technology: U-boats	705	(1)
Then and Now: Women in Wartime	706	(5)
The Russian Revolution	711	(3)
History Maker: Vladimir Lenin	713	(1)
The Terms of Peace	714	(4)
What If? Nations at War	715	(3)
Creating a ``New'' Europe	718	(8)
Skill-Building Strategies: Interpreting Visuals: Using Maps as Historical Documents	720	(4)
Review	724	(2)
The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1936)	726	(30)
The Postwar Era	728	(6)
Connecting to Science and Technology: The Development of Radio	730	(2)
Connecting to Art: Film: Modern Times	732	(2)
Postwar Prosperity Crumbles	734	(4)
Young People in History: Growing Up During the Depression	737	(1)
Political Tensions After World War 1	738	(5)
Then and Now: Northern Ireland	741	(2)
Fascist Dictatorships in Italy and Germany	743	(6)
History Maker: Adolf Hitler	746	(1)
Skill-Building Strategies: Analyzing Documents	747	(2)
Dictatorship in the Soviet Union	749	(7)
History Maker: Joseph Stalin	751	(2)
Daily Life: The Gulags	753	(1)
Review	754	(2)
Nationalist Movements Around the World (1898-1938)	756	(24)
The British Empire in the Postwar Era	758	(4)
Skill-Building Strategies: Making Graphs	759	(1)
History Maker: Mohandas Gandhi	760	(2)
Turkey, Persia, and Africa	762	(3)
Young People in History: Missionary Schools	764	(1)
Unrest in China	765	(5)
History Maker: Empress Dowager Tz'u-hsi	766	(2)
Connecting to Civics: Pu-i: The Last Emperor of China	768	(2)
Imperialism in Japan	770	(4)
What If? The Russo-Japanese War	771	(1)
Daily Life: The Westernization of Japan	772	(2)
Latin America Between the Wars	774	(6)
Connecting to Art: Painting: Fruits of Labor	775	(3)
Review	778	(2)
World War II (1921-1945)	780	(34)
Threats to World Peace	782	(4)
Connecting to Art: Painting: Guemica by Pablo Picasso	784	(2)
Hitler's Aggressions	786	(5)
Young People in History: Edelweiss Pirates	789	(2)
Axis Gains	791	(5)
History Maker: Winston Churchill	793	(3)
The Soviet Union and the United States	796	(5)
Daily Life: The Eastern Front	798	(3)
The Holocaust	801	(3)
History Maker: Anne Frank	803	(1)
The End of the War	804	(10)
Skill-Building Strategies: Reading About History: Understanding a Biographical Account	806	(4)
Review	810	(2)
Cross-Cultural Connections: Literature --- Hope Amid Turmoil	812	(1)
Unit 7 Review	813	(1)
UNIT 8 The World Since 1945	814
Cross-Cultural Connections: Citizenship	816
Europe and North America in the Postwar Years (1945-1968)	818
Aftermath of the War in Europe	820
Then and Now: War Crimes	822
History Maker: Eleanor Roosevelt	823
Origins of the Cold War	825
Skill-Building Strategies: Transferring Information from One Medium to Another	829
Reconstruction, Reform, and Reaction in Europe	831
History Maker: Charles de Gaulle	833
Connecting to Art: Architecture: Chapel by Le Corbusier	834
The United States and Canada	837
Connecting to Civics: Separatism	841
Review	842
Asia Since 1945 (1945-Present)	844
South Asia After Empire	846
History Maker: Indira Gandhi	849
Daily Life: Helping India's Poor	850
History Maker: Benazir Bhutto	851
Communist China and Its Influence	852
Young People in History: The Red Guards	854
What If? China and the United States	855
Skill-Building Strategies: Conducting Research	857
The Japanese Miracle	859
Independence Struggles in Southeast Asia	863
History Maker: Corazon Aquino	864
Connecting to Art: Weaving: Ikat Cloth	866
Asian Paths to Prosperity	870
Review	874
Africa and the Middle East Since 1945 (1945 - Present)	876
African Independence After World War II	878
Connecting to Geography: Pan-Africanism	879
History Maker: Desmond Tutu	884
History Maker: Nelson Mandela	885
Africa Since Independence	886
Nationalism in the Middle East and North Africa	891
Connecting to Art: Stained Glass: Windows in Jerusalem	892
What If? The United States and Israel	893
War, Revolution, and Oil and in the Middle East and North Africa	898
History Maker: Golda Meir	899
Skill-Building Strategies: Using a Special Purpose Map	902
Review	906
Latin America Since 1945 (1945 - Present)	908
Facing New Challenges	910
Connecting to Economics: NAFTA	912
Mexico and Central America	915
Skill-Building Strategies: Using Multimedia Resources	917
History Maker: Violeta Barrios de Chamorro	919
Nations of the Caribbean	922
History Maker: Fidel Castro	923
What If? The Bay of Pigs	923
South America	929
Then and Now: The Falklands	931
Review	936
The Superpowers in the Modern Era (1969-Present)	938
The Industrial Powers of North America	940
Connecting to Art: Architecture: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial	941
Connecting to Geography: Beyond Planet Earth	944
Europe	948
History Maker: Margaret Thatcher	949
Connecting to Civics: The Decline of European Monarchies	952
The Fall of Communism	956
What If? Gorbachev	957
History Maker: Vaclav Havel	960
Skill-Building Strategies: Writing a Research Paper	962
A Day That Changed the World	964
Review	970
The Modern World (1945-Present)	972
The Arts and Literature	974
Skill-Building Strategies: Connecting Architecture to History	976
History Maker: Maya Angelou	979
Science and Technology	981
Connecting to Science and Technology: Genetic Engineering	986
Human Rights and the Spread of Democratic Ideals	990
Young People in History: Children's Rights	993
Review	994
Cross-Cultural Connections: Literature - Cultural Pride	996
Unit 8 Review	997
Special Feature: The War on Terrorism: A Global View	998
Reference Section
Table of Contents	1
Almanac	2
Glossary	6
Spanish Glossary	19
Index	33
Acknowledgements	64