World in the Making Volume Two since 1300

by Smith, Bonnie G.; Van De Mieroop, Marc; von Glahn, Richard; Lane, Kris

• ISBN13: 9780197608371
• ISBN10: 019760837X
• eBook ISBN(s): 9780197608395
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2022-10-07
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Featuring a renowned author team and the best recent scholarship, World in the Making: A Global History explores both the global and local dimensions of world history. Abundant full-color maps and images, along with other special pedagogical features that highlight the lives and voices of the world's peoples, make this synthesis accessible and memorable for students--all at an affordable low price.

Author Biography

Bonnie G. Smith (AB Smith College, PhD University of Rochester) is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History Emerita, Rutgers University.

Marc Van De Mieroop (PhD Yale University, 1983) is Professor of History at Columbia University.

Richard von Glahn (PhD Yale University, 1983) is Professor of History at University of California, Los Angeles.

Kris Lane (PhD University of Minnesota, 1996) holds the France V. Scholes Chair in Colonial Latin American History at Tulane University in New Orleans.

Table of Contents

List of Maps
Studying with Maps
Features
Preface
Acknowledgments
Notes on Dates and Spelling
About the Authors

PART 2. CROSSROADS AND CULTURES 500-1450 CE

CHAPTER 14. Collapse and Revival in Afro-Eurasia 1300-1450
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: Crisis and recovery in fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Afro-Eurasia.
Backstory
Fourteenth-Century Crisis and Renewal in Eurasia
The "Great Mortality": The Black Death of 1347-1350
Rebuilding Societies in Western Europe 1350-1492
Ming China and the New Order in East Asia 1368-1500
Islam's New Frontiers
Islamic Spiritual Ferment in Central Asia 1350-1500
Ottoman Expansion and the Fall of Constantinople 1354-1453
Commerce and Culture in Islamic West Africa
Advance of Islam in Maritime Southeast Asia
The Global Bazaar
Economic Prosperity and Maritime Trade in Asia 1350-1450
China's Overseas Overture: The Voyages of Zheng He 1405-1433
Commerce and Culture in the Renaissance
COUNTERPOINT Age of the Samurai in Japan 1185-1450
"The Low Overturning the High"
The New Warrior Order
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Reading the Past: A Genoese Merchant on Commercial Prospects in a Saharan Oasis Town
Lives and Livelihoods: Urban Weavers in India
Seeing the Past: Leonardo da Vinci's Virgin of the Rocks
Doing History: Argument

PART 3. THE EARLY MODERN WORLD, 1450-1750

CHAPTER 15. Empires and Alternatives in the Americas 1430-1530
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The diversity of societies and states in the Americas prior to European invasion.
Backstory
Many Native Americas
Tributes of Blood: The Aztec Empire 1325-1521
Humble Origins, Imperial Ambitions
Enlarging and Supplying the Capital
Holy Terror: Aztec Rule, Religion, and Warfare
Daily Life Under the Aztecs
The Limits of Holy Terror
Tributes of Sweat: The Inca Empire 1430-1532
From Potato Farmers to Empire Builders
The Great Apparatus: Inca Expansion and Religion
Daily Life Under the Incas
The Great Apparatus Breaks Down
COUNTERPOINT The Peoples of North America's Eastern Woodlands 1450-1530
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Seeing the Past: An Aztec Map of Tenochtitlán
Lives and Livelihoods: The Aztec Midwife
Reading the Past: An Andean Creation Story
Doing History: Making Connections

CHAPTER 16. The Rise of an Atlantic World 1450-1600
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: European expansion across the Atlantic and its profound consequences for societies and cultures worldwide.
Backstory
Guns, Sails, and Compasses: Europeans Venture Abroad
Motives for Exploration
Technologies of Exploration
Portugal Takes the Lead
First Encounters: The European Voyages of Discovery 1492-1521
Christopher Columbus in a New World
From Independence to Servitude: The Encomienda System
Columbus's Successors
Global Biological Exchanges
Spanish Conquests in the Americas 1519-1600
The Fall of Aztec Mexico
The Fall of Inca Peru
The Conquest: Myths and Realities
A New Empire in the Americas: New Spain and Peru 1535-1600
American Silver and the Global Economy
American Silver and Everyday Life
Brazil by Accident: The Portuguese in the Americas 1500-1600
Native Encounters and Foreign Competitors
Bitter Sugar: Slavery and the Plantation Complex in the Early Atlantic World 1530-1600
COUNTERPOINT The Mapuche of Chile: Native America's Indomitable State
A Culture of Warfare
Uprisings Against the Spanish
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Reading the Past: Tlatelolcan Elders Recall the Conquest of Mexico
Seeing the Past: Malintzin and the Meeting Between Moctezuma and Cortés
Lives and Livelihoods: Atlantic Sugar Producers
Doing History: Perspectives

CHAPTER 17. Western Africa in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1450-1800
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The rise of the Atlantic slave trade and its impact on early modern African peoples and cultures.
Backstory
Many Western Africas
Landlords and Strangers: Peoples and States in West Africa
Empire Builders and Traders
Sculptors and Priest-Kings
Land of the Blacksmith Kings: West Central Africa
Farmers and Traders
Smiths and Kings
Strangers in Ships: Gold, Slavery, and the Portuguese
From Voyages of Reconnaissance to Trading Forts 1415-1650
The Portuguese and the Kingdom of Kongo
Portuguese Strategy in Angola
Northern Europeans and the Expansion of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1600-1800
The Rise and Fall of Monopoly Trading Companies
How the Slave Trade Functioned
The Middle Passage
Volume of the Slave Trade
COUNTERPOINT Njinga: An African Queen Fights Back
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Lives and Livelihoods: West Africa's Gold Miners
Seeing the Past: Art of the Slave Trade: A Benin Bronze Plaque
Reading the Past: Alonso de Sandoval, "General Points Relating to Slavery"
Doing History: Contextualization

CHAPTER 18. Trade and Empire in the Indian Ocean and South Asia 1450-1750
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The Indian Ocean trading network and the impact of European intrusion on maritime and mainland South Asia.
Backstory
Trading Cities and Inland Networks: East Africa
Port Towns and Beginnings
Indian Ocean Connections
Links to the Interior
Trade and Empire in South Asia
Vijayanagara's Rise and Fall 1336-1565
The Power of the Mughals
Gunpowder Weapons and Imperial Consolidation 1500-1763
Everyday Life in the Mughal Empire
European Interlopers
Portuguese Conquistadors 1500-1600
The Dutch and English East India Companies 1600-1750
COUNTERPOINT Aceh: Fighting Back in Southeast Asia
The Differing Fortunes of Aceh and Melaka
Aceh, "the Veranda of Mecca"
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Reading the Past: Portuguese Report of a Vijayanagara Festival
Seeing the Past: Reflections of the Divine in a Mughal Emerald
Lives and Livelihoods: Cinnamon Harvesters in Ceylon
Doing History: Claims and Evidence

CHAPTER 19. Consolidation and Conflict in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean 1450-1750
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: Early modern Europe's increasing competition and division in the face of Ottoman expansion.
Backstory
The Power of the Ottoman Empire 1453-1750
Tools of Empire
Expansion and Consolidation
Daily Life in the Ottoman Empire
Europe Divided 1500-1650
Everyday Life in Early Modern Europe
Protestant and Catholic Reformations
Imperial Spain and Its Challenges
The Seventeenth-Century Crisis
European Innovations in Science and Government 1550-1750
The Scientific Revolution
The Emergence of Capitalism
New Political Models: Absolutism and Constitutionalism
COUNTERPOINT The Barbary Pirates
Reign of the Sea Bandits
The Barbary Wars
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Lives and Livelihoods: Ottoman Coffeehouse Owners and Patrons
Seeing the Past: Gift Clocks for the Emperors of China
Reading the Past: An Exiled European Muslim Visits the Netherlands
Doing History: Sourcing and Situation

CHAPTER 20. Expansion and Isolation in Asia 1450-1750
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The general trend toward political and cultural consolidation in early modern Asia.
Backstory
Straddling Eurasia: Rise of the Russian Empire 1462-1725
Consolidation in Muscovite Russia
The Romanovs' New Frontiers
China from Ming to Qing Rule 1500-1800
Late Ming Imperial Demands and Private Trade
Manchu Expansion and the Rise of the Qing Empire
Everyday Life in Ming and Qing China
The Flourishing of Art and Culture
Japan in Transition 1540-1750
Rise of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Unification of Japan
Everyday Life and Culture in Tokugawa Japan
Emergence of a National Culture
Korea, a Land in Between 1392-1750
Capital and Countryside
Everyday Life in Choson Korea
Consolidation in Mainland Southeast Asia 1500-1750
Political Consolidation
Commercial Trends
COUNTERPOINT "Spiritual Conquest" in the Philippines
Arrival of the Spanish
The Limits of "Spiritual Conquest"
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Lives and Livelihoods: Silk Weavers in China
Seeing the Past: Blue-on-White: Ming Export Porcelain
Reading the Past: Scenes from the Daily Life of a Korean Queen
Doing History: Argumentation

CHAPTER 21. Transforming New Worlds: The American Colonies Mature 1600-1750
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The profound social, cultural, and environmental changes in the Americas under colonial rule.
Backstory
The World That Silver Made: Spanish America 1570-1750
Governing and Profiting from the Colonies
Everyday Life in Spanish America
Gold, Diamonds, and the Transformation of Brazil 1695-1800
Boom Times for Colonial Brazil
Everyday Life in Golden Age Brazil
Bitter Sugar, Part Two: Slavery and Colonialism in the Caribbean 1625-1750
Pirates and Planters
The Rise of Caribbean Plantation Societies
Growth and Change in British and French North America 1607-1750
Experiments in Commercial Colonialism
Everyday Life in the Northern Colonies
COUNTERPOINT The Maroons of Suriname
From Persecution to Freedom
Suriname's Distinctive Maroon Culture
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Seeing the Past: De Chino Cambujo e India, Loba
Lives and Livelihoods: Caribbean Buccaneers
Reading the Past: A Swedish Traveler's Description of Quebec
Doing History: Developments and Processes

PART 4. THE WORLD FROM 1750 TO THE PRESENT

CHAPTER 22. Atlantic Revolutions and the World 1750-1830
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The Atlantic revolutions and their short- and long-term significance.
Backstory
The Promise of Enlightenment
A New World of Ideas
Enlightenment and the Old Order
Popular Revolts in an Age of Enlightenment
Revolution in North America
The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis 1764-1775
The Birth of the United States 1775-1789
The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire
From Monarchy to Republic 1789-1792
War, Terror, and Resistance 1792-1799
Napoleon's Reign 1799-1815
Muhammad Ali and the Revolutionary Spirit in Egypt
Revolution Continued in the Western Hemisphere and Beyond
Revolution in Haiti 1791-1804
Revolutions in Latin America 1810-1830
New Ideologies and Revolutionary Legacies
COUNTERPOINT Religious Revival in a Secular Age
Christianity's Great Awakening
Government and Religion Allied
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Seeing the Past: Portrait of Catherine the Great
Lives and Livelihoods: The Cowboy Way of Life
Reading the Past: Phillis Wheatley, "On Being Brought from Africa to America"
Doing History: Making Connections

CHAPTER 23. Industry and Everyday Life 1750-1900
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The Industrial Revolution and its impact on societies and cultures throughout the world.
Backstory
The Industrial Revolution Begins 1750-1830
The Global Roots of Industrialization
Great Britain: A Culture of Experimentation
World Trade and the Rise of Industry
The Technology of Industry
Industrialization After 1830
Industrial Innovation Gathers Speed
Challenges to British Dominance
Industrialization in Japan
Economic Crises and Solutions
The Industrial Revolution and the World
The Slow Disintegration of Qing China
Competition in West and South Asia
A New Course for Africa
Industry and Society
The Changing Middle Class
The New Working Class
The Sexual Division of Labor
The Culture of Industry
Industry and Thought
Industry and the Arts
COUNTERPOINT African Women and Slave Agriculture
Women and Farming in Africa
Enslaved Women in the North American South
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Lives and Livelihoods: Builders of the Trans-Siberian Railroad
Seeing the Past: Japan's Industrious Society
Reading the Past: Mexican Women on Strike
Doing History: Perspectives

CHAPTER 24. Nation-States and Their Empires 1830-1900
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The rise of modern nation-states and their competition for empire.
Backstory
Modernizing Nations
"What Is a Nation?"
Latin American Nation-Building
The Russian Empire's New Course
A Unified Italy and a United Germany
Expansion and Consolidation of the United States
Dramatic Change in Japan
Outsiders in the Nation
Racial and Ethnic Difference
Women
The Struggle for Citizens' Rights
Building Empires
Imperialism: What Is It?
Takeover in Asia
Europeans Scramble for Africa
Japan's Imperial Agenda
Technology, Environment, and the Imperial Advantage
Societies in an Age of Nations and Empires
Changing Conditions of Everyday Life
A Mixture of Cultures
COUNTERPOINT National Unity in an Age of Migration
Migrants and Diasporas
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Reading The Past: The Russian People Under Serfdom
Lives and Livelihoods: Indentured Servitude
Seeing the Past: The Korean Flag
Doing History: Developments and Processes

CHAPTER 25. Wars, Revolutions, and the Birth of Mass Society 1900-1929
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The wars and revolutions of the early twentieth century and their role in the creation of mass culture and society.
Backstory
Imperial Contests at the Dawn of the Twentieth Century
Clashes for Imperial Control
Growing Resistance to Foreign Domination
From Revolutions and Local Wars to World War
Revolutionaries and Warriors: Mexico, China, and the Balkans
Fighting World War I
Citizens at War: The Home Front
Revolution in Russia and the End of World War I
The Russian Revolution
Ending the War: 1918
Postwar Global Politics
The Paris Peace Conference, 1919-1920
Struggles for Reform and Independence
Protest Amid Postwar Imperial Expansion
An Age of the Masses
Mass Society
Culture for the Masses
Mobilizing the Masses
COUNTERPOINT A Golden Age for Argentineans
A Flourishing Economy and Society
Golden Age Culture
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Seeing the Past: Wartime Propaganda
Reading the Past: Léopold Sédar Senghor, "To the Senegalese Soldiers Who Died for France"
Lives and Livelihoods: The Film Industry
Doing History: Contextualization

CHAPTER 26. Global Catastrophe: The Great Depression and World War II 1929-1945
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The causes and outcomes of the Great Depression and World War II.
Backstory
1929: The Great Depression Begins
Economic Disaster Strikes
Social Effects of the Great Depression
Poverty and Protest
Militarizing the Masses in the 1930s
The Rise of Stalinism
Japanese Expansionism
Hitler's Rise to Power
Democracies Mobilize
Global War 1937-1945
Europe's Road to War
The Early Years of the War 1937-1943
War and the World's Civilians
From Allied Victory to the Cold War 1943-1945
The Axis Defeated
Postwar Plans and Uncertainties
COUNTERPOINT Nonviolence and Pacifism in an Age of War
Traditional Tactics: The Example of Nigerian Women
Gandhi and Civil Disobedience
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Reading the Past: "Comfort Women" in World War II
Lives And Livelihoods: Soldiers and Soldiering
Seeing the Past: Technological Warfare: Civilization or Barbarism?
Doing History: Sourcing and Situation

CHAPTER 27. The Emergence of New Nations in a Cold War World 1945-1970
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The political transformations of the postwar world and their social and cultural consequences.
Backstory
World Politics and the Cold War
The New Superpowers
The Global Cold War Unfolds 1945-1962
The People's Republic of China 1949
Proxy Wars and Cold War Alliances
The End of Empire and the Birth of Nations
The End of Empire in Asia
The Struggle for Independence in the Middle East
New Nations in Africa
World Recovery in the 1950s and 1960s
Advances in Technology and Science
The Space Age
A New Scientific Revolution
Expanding Economic Prosperity
Building and Rebuilding Communism
Cultural Dynamism amid Cold War
Confronting the Heritage of World War
Cold War Culture
Liberation Culture
COUNTERPOINT The Bandung Conference, 1955
Shared Goals
Divisive Issues
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Lives and Livelihoods: Cosmonauts and Astronauts
Seeing the Past: African Liberation on Cloth
Reading the Past: The Cultural Revolution in China
Doing History: Argument

CHAPTER 28. A New Global Age 1989 to the Present
The Major Global Development in this Chapter: The causes and consequences of intensified globalization.
Backstory
Ending the Cold War Order
A Change of Course in the West
The Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc
Regions and Nations in a Globalizing World
North Versus South
Advancing Nations in the Global Age
Pacific Nations Soar
Global Livelihoods and Institutions
Global Networks and Changing Jobs
Beyond the Nation-State
Global Culture
The Challenges of Globalization
Environmental Challenges
Population and Public Health
Worldwide Migration
Terrorism Confronts the World
Global Economic Crisis and the Rise of Authoritarian Politicians
COUNTERPOINT Defending Local Identity in a Globalizing World
Ethnic Strife and Political Splintering
Movements to Protect Tradition
Conclusion|Review
FEATURES
Reading the Past: Testimony to South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Seeing the Past: The Globalization of Urban Space
Lives and Livelihoods: Readers of the Qur'an
Doing History: Claims and Evidence

Notes
Bibliography
Credits
Index