World Resources 1998-99

by World Resources Institute; United Nations Environment Program; United Nations Development Program; The World Bank

• ISBN13: 9780195214079
• ISBN10: 0195214072
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-07-09
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Editorial Perspective


Part I: Environmental Change and Human Health


Linking Environment and Health


Environmental Trends and Health


Toward Environmental Health: The Case for Prevention


Part I

Table of Contents

Editor's Note	vii	(2)
Editorial: Environment and Health	ix	(2)
Part I Environmental Change and Human Health
Overview	xi
1 Linking Environment and Health The Geography of Risk; Changing Environments, Changing Health Threats; The Drivers of Change; Global Health Patterns; Poverty, Health, and the Environment; Characterizing Environmental Hazards; The Environmental Contribution; Implications for Prevention.	1	(36)
Boxes: Demographic Regions; Indicators of Environmental Threats to Health; Counting Deaths Differently; Malnutrition; Children's Special Vulnerability; Cholera Returns; The Spread of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever; From Exposure to Effect; Why the Increase in Asthma?; Smoking-Related Deaths.
2 Changing Environments, Changing Health Intensification of Agriculture: Chemical Inputs; Irrigation; Land Conversion; Industrialization: Industrialization and Health; Persistent Organic Pollutants; Heavy Metals and Health; CFCs, the Ozone Hol Health; Rising Energy Use: Health Effects of Air Pollution; Climate Change and Health.	37	(36)
Boxes: Tuberculosis and Urban Inequality; Pesticide Exposures in Latin America's Flower Export Trade; Pesticides and the Immune System; Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon; Are Hormone Mimics Affecting Our Health?; Urban Air: Health Effects of Particulates, Sulfur Dioxide, and Ozone.
3 Improving Health Through Environmental Action Tackling the Problems of Poverty, Environment, and Health; Addressing the Unintended Consequences of Development.	73	(21)
Boxes: Antibiotic Resistance Undermines Treatment; Improving Female Education; Malaria: The Continuing Struggle; Putting Health on the Map; Overcoming Agricultural Water Pollution in the European Union; The Problem of POPs.
Guest Commentaries	94	(14)
Roberto Bertollini
Clyde Hertzman
Michael Dorsey
Devra Lee Davis
K.J. Nath
Carolyn Stephens
Regional Profiles	108	(23)
Damming the Senegal River	115	(12)
China's Health and Environment	127	(4)
Appendix Environmental Risks to Human Health: New Indicators
Endnotes	131	(8)
Part II Global Environmental Trends	139	(94)
Overview	139	(2)
4 Critical Trends	141	(59)
Population and Human Well-Being: Population Growth; Economic Growth and Poverty; Urbanization; Migration; Democracy Trends; Education and Health; AIDS Trends.	141	(11)
Feeding the World: Food Production; World Hunger; Post-Harvest Food Loss; Soil Degradation; Aquaculture Trends.	152	(9)
Production and Consumption: Materials Use; The Paper Industry; Impacts of Coffee Production; Sustainable Industry.	161	(9)
The Global Commons: Energy Use and Greenhouse Trends; Motor Vehicle Fleet; Climate Briefs; Kyoto Treaty; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Nutrient Overload; Acid Rain.	170	(15)
Resources at Risk: Deforestation; Fragmenting Forests; Water Resources; Threats to Freshwater Ecosystems; Valuing Ecosystem Services; Coral Reef Threats; Global Fisheries; Bioinvasions.	185	(15)
5 Regions at a Glance Africa; Europe; North America; Central America; South America; Asia; Oceania.	200	(25)
Indicator Maps: Income Distribution; Human Population Density; Human Development Index; Domesticated Land; Forest Cover; Water Resources Vulnerability; Major Watersheds; Nighttime Lights.	221	(4)
Endnotes	225	(8)
Part III Data Tables	233	(118)
Overview	233	(2)
6 Economic Indicators Gross National and Domestic Product; Official Development Assistance and Other Financial Flows; World Bank Commodity Indexes and Prices.	235	(8)
7 Population and Human Development Size and Growth of Population and Labor Force; Trends in Births, Life Expectancy, Fertility, and Age Structure; Distribution of Income, Land, and Poverty; Social Investment.	243	(12)
8 Health Nutrition; Mortality; Reported Cases of Infectious Diseases; Health Care; City Air Pollution; Lead in Gasoline and Lead Production; Demographic and Health Surveys.	255	(18)
9 Urban Data Urban Indicators; Urban Characteristics; The Urban Environment.	273	(10)
10 Food and Agriculture Food and Agriculture Production; Agricultural Land and Inputs; Food Security.	283	(8)
11 Forests and Land Cover Forest Cover and Change, and Forest Industry Structure; Forest Ecosystems; Wood Production and Trade; Land Area and Use.	291	(12)
12 Fresh Water Freshwater Resources and Withdrawals; Groundwater and Desalinization; Water Quality in European Lakes; Major Watersheds of the World.	303	(10)
13 Oceans and Fisheries Marine and Freshwater Catches, Aquaculture, Balance of Trade, and Fish Consumption; Marine Fisheries, Yield and State of Exploitation; Marine Biodiversity of Regional Seas.	313	(6)
14 Biodiversity National and International Protection of Natural Areas; Globally Threatened Birds, Mammals, and Higher Plants; Globally Threatened Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fish; Endangered Species Management Programs.	319	(12)
15 Energy and Materials Energy Production and Consumption; Electricity Production and Trade; Energy Balances; Production of Selected Minerals and Materials.	331	(12)
16 Atmosphere and Climate Emissions from Fossil Fuel Burning and Cement Manufacturing (1995); Inventories of National Greenhouse Gas Emissions; World CO(2) Emissions from Fossil Fuel Consumption and Cement Manufacturing (1755-1995); Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse and Ozone-Depleting Gases.	343	(8)
Acknowledgments	351	(8)
Index	359