Xlib Programming Manual

by Nye, Adrian

• ISBN13: 9781565920026
• ISBN10: 1565920023
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1992-07-01
• Publisher: Oreilly & Associates Inc

Summary

Covering X11 Release 5, theXlib Programming Manualis a complete guide to programming the X library (Xlib), the lowest level of programming interface to X. It includes introductions to internationalization, device-independent color, font service, and scalable fonts.Includes chapters on: X Window System concepts A simple client application Window attributes The graphics context Graphics in practice Color Events Interclient communication Internationalization The Resource Manager A complete client application Window managementThis manual is a companion to Volume 2,Xlib Reference Manual.

Author Biography

Adrian Nye is the author or editor of several volumes in the X Window System Series from O'Reilly & Associates. Adrian has worked as a programmer writing educational software in C and as a mechanical engineer designing offshore oil spill cleanup equipment. He has interests in the environment and the impact of people and technology. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1984 with a B.S. in mechanical engineering.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxix
About This Manual	xxix
Summary of Contents	xxix
How to Use This Manual	xxx
Getting the Example Programs	xxxii
FTP	xxxii
FTPMAIL	xxxii
BITFTP	xxxiii
UUCP	xxxiv
Compiling the Example Programs	xxxiv
Assumptions	xxxv
Font Conventions Used in This Manual	xxxv
Related Documents	xxxvi
We'd Like to Hear From You	xxxvi
Bulk Sales Information	xxxvii
Acknowledgements	xxxvii
Introduction	3	(12)
Versions of X	3	(1)
X Window System Concepts	4	(5)
Displays and Screens	4	(1)
The Server-Client Model	5	(2)
Window Management	7	(1)
Events	8	(1)
Extensions to X	8	(1)
X Window System Software Architecture	9	(2)
Overview of Xlib	11	(4)
X Concepts	15	(40)
How Xlib Works	15	(8)
The X Protocol	16	(1)
Buffering	17	(1)
Resources	18	(2)
Properties and Atoms	20	(1)
The Window Manager	21	(2)
What are X Windows?	23	(7)
Window Characteristics	24	(2)
Window Hierarchy	26	(2)
Window Stacking Order	28	(1)
Mapping and Visibility	29	(1)
Introduction to X Graphics	30	(4)
Pixels and Colors	30	(1)
Pixels and Planes	31	(1)
Pixmaps and Drawables	32	(1)
Drawing and the Graphics Context	33	(1)
Tiles and Stipples	33	(1)
More on Window Characteristics	34	(4)
Window Attributes	34	(1)
Window Configuration	35	(1)
Class: InputOutput and InputOnly Windows	36	(1)
Depth and Visual	36	(1)
Icons	37	(1)
Special Characteristics of the Root Window	38	(1)
Introduction to Events	38	(4)
What is an Event?	38	(1)
Selection and Propagation of Events	39	(1)
The Event Queue	40	(1)
An Event Structure	40	(1)
The Event Loop	41	(1)
How to Program with Xlib	42	(13)
Designing an X Application	42	(1)
Design Requirements	42	(1)
The User Interface	43	(1)
Writing an X Application	44	(1)
Resources and User Customizability	44	(1)
Compiling and Linking X Programs	45	(1)
Naming Conventions	45	(1)
Using Structures, Symbols, and Masks	46	(1)
Performance Optimizing	47	(1)
ANSI-C and POSIX Portability	47	(1)
Debugging an X Application	47	(2)
Errors	49	(1)
The XErrorEvent Structure	50	(1)
Synchronizing Errors	50	(1)
Software Interrupts	51	(4)
Basic Window Program	55	(38)
Running the Program	56	(1)
The Main of basicwin	57	(36)
Include Files and Declarations	57	(2)
Connecting to a Server	59	(2)
Display Macros	61	(1)
Getting Window Information	61	(2)
Creating Windows	63	(1)
Color Strategy	64	(1)
Preparing an Icon Pixmap	65	(1)
Communicating with the Window Manager	66	(5)
Selecting Desired Event Types	71	(1)
Creating Server Resources	72	(1)
Window Mapping	72	(1)
Flushing the Output Buffer	73	(1)
Setting Up an Event-gathering Loop	73	(2)
Repainting the Window	75	(4)
When Can I Draw?	79	(1)
When Will My Drawing Appear?	80	(1)
Handing Resizing of the Window	81	(1)
Exiting the Program	81	(1)
Error Handling	82	(1)
Summary	82	(1)
Complete Code for Basicwin	83	(10)
Window Attributes	93	(22)
Setting Window Attributes	93	(1)
The Window Attribute Structures	94	(2)
Settable Attributes	96	(14)
The Window Background	97	(1)
Background_pixmap	98	(1)
background_pixel	99	(1)
The Window Border	99	(1)
border_pixmap	100	(1)
border_pixel	101	(1)
Bit Gravity	101	(2)
Window Gravity	103	(2)
Backing Store	105	(1)
Saving Under	106	(1)
Event Handling	107	(1)
Substructure Redirect Override	108	(1)
Colormap	108	(1)
Cursor	109	(1)
Default Attributes	110	(1)
Information from the XWindow Attributes Structure	110	(5)
The Graphics Context	115	(36)
Creating and Setting a Graphics Context	118	(3)
Switching Between Graphics Contexts	121	(1)
Controlling Pixel Selection	122	(12)
Line Characteristics	122	(1)
Line Width	123	(1)
Line Style	124	(1)
Cap Style	125	(1)
Join Style	125	(3)
Dash List and Offset	128	(2)
Example of Setting Line Characteristics	130	(1)
The Font	131	(1)
Fill Rule	131	(1)
Arc Mode (for Filling)	132	(1)
Clip Mask	133	(1)
Controlling Coloring and Patterning	134	(5)
Drawing in Foreground Only	135	(1)
Tiles	135	(1)
Stipples	136	(1)
Fill Style	137	(1)
Drawing in Foreground and Background	138	(1)
Tile and Stipple Sizes	138	(1)
Controlling Graphics Tricks	139	(4)
Logical Function	140	(2)
Plane Mask	142	(1)
Graphics Exposure	143	(2)
Subwindow Mode	145	(1)
Sharing GCs Between Clients	145	(1)
GCs and Server Efficiency	145	(1)
Querying the Graphics Context	146	(1)
The Default GC Versus Default Values of a GC	146	(5)
Drawing Graphics and Text	151	(36)
Drawing	151	(9)
The Request Size Limit	152	(1)
Scaling Graphics	153	(1)
Example of Drawing Graphics	154	(1)
Filling	155	(1)
Creating Bitmaps, Pixmaps, Tiles, and Stipples	156	(2)
Copying and Clearing Areas	158	(2)
Fonts and Text	160	(14)
Character Format	160	(1)
Loading Fonts	161	(1)
Font Naming	162	(1)
Character Metrics	162	(1)
The XCharStruct Structure	163	(1)
The XFontStruct Structure	164	(2)
Positioning of Text	166	(2)
Text-drawing Routines	168	(1)
The draw_text Routine	169	(2)
Vertical Text and Rotated Text	171	(1)
Font Properties	171	(3)
Setting the Font Path	174	(1)
Regions	174	(2)
Moving and Resizing Regions	175	(1)
Computations with Regions	175	(1)
Returning Region Information	176	(1)
Images	176	(5)
Manipulating Images	178	(2)
Examples Using Images	180	(1)
Cursors	181	(6)
The Standard Cursor Font	181	(1)
Creating a Pixmap Cursor	182	(1)
Loading and Changing Cursors	183	(4)
Color	187	(62)
Basic Color Terms and Concepts	187	(2)
Color Naming and Specification	189	(4)
The Server-side Color Name Database	189	(2)
Xcms Color Specification	191	(1)
The Client-side Color Name Database	192	(1)
Hexadecimal Color Specification	193	(1)
Differences in Display Hardware	193	(6)
Mid-range Color Displays	194	(1)
Monochrome and Gray Scale	194	(1)
High Performance Color Displays	195	(1)
How X Describes Color Support with Visuals	196	(2)
Shareability vs. Changeability	198	(1)
Allocating Shared Colors	199	(7)
The XColor Structure	201	(1)
Code to Allocate Read-only Colors	201	(4)
Highlighting in Two Colors	205	(1)
Choosing Default Colors	206	(1)
Allocating Private Colors	206	(11)
Allocating Read/Write Colorcells for Dynamic Colors	208	(3)
Allocating Read/Write Colorcells for Overlays	211	(5)
Using XAllocColorPlanes()	216	(1)
Getting Complete Visual Information	217	(3)
The XVisualInfo Structure	218	(1)
Example of Choosing a Visual	219	(1)
The GrayScale Visual	220	(1)
Standard Colormaps	220	(10)
The Standard Colormap Properties	221	(1)
The XStandardColormap Structure	222	(2)
The 3/3/2 Standard Colormap	224	(1)
Creating and Using a Standard Colormap	224	(5)
RGB-to-Pixel Conversion	229	(1)
Device-independent Color and Xcms	230	(11)
The Fundamentals of Color Representation	231	(2)
Screen Characterization and the XDCCC	233	(1)
The Xcms Programming Interface	233	(1)
Color and Colormap Functions	234	(4)
Color Conversion	238	(1)
Gamut-querying Functions	239	(2)
Creating and Installing Colormaps	241	(4)
Functions for Manipulating Colormaps	242	(1)
The ColormapNotify Event	243	(1)
The Required Colormap List	244	(1)
Miscellaneous Color-handling Functions	245	(4)
Events	249	(36)
Overview of Event Handling	250	(1)
Event Processing	250	(12)
The Event Structures	251	(1)
Event Types and XEvent Union	251	(2)
Xlib's Event Queue	253	(1)
Writing the Event Loop	253	(3)
Printing the Event Type	256	(1)
Routines that Get Events	257	(3)
Predicate Procedures	260	(2)
Selecting Events	262	(18)
Correspondence Between Event Masks and Events	264	(2)
Propagation of Device Events	266	(3)
The Keyboard Focus Window	269	(1)
Keyboard and Pointer Grabbing	270	(1)
Event Masks	271	(1)
KeyPressMask and KeyReleaseMask	271	(1)
ButtonPressMask, ButtonReleaseMask, and OwnerGrabButtonMask	272	(1)
The Pointer Motion Masks	272	(1)
FocusChangeMask	273	(1)
Enter WindowMask and Leave WindowMask	274	(1)
KeymapStateMask	274	(1)
ExposureMask	274	(1)
Visibility ChangeMask	275	(1)
ColormapChangeMask	276	(1)
PropertyChangeMask	276	(1)
StructureNotifyMask and SubstructureNotify Mask	276	(2)
SubstructureRedirectMask	278	(1)
ResizeRedirectMask	279	(1)
Automatically Selected Events	279	(1)
Sending Events	280	(1)
Where to Find More on Each Event	280	(5)
The Keyboard and Pointer	285	(42)
The Keyboard	285	(16)
Simple Keyboard Input	287	(1)
Getting a String---A Dialog Box	288	(4)
The Keyboard Mappings	292	(1)
Keysyms to Strings	292	(2)
The Modifier Keys	294	(1)
Keycodes to Keysyms	295	(1)
Background on Keysyms	295	(1)
The Design of Keysyms	296	(1)
Conventions for Keysym Meaning	297	(1)
Changing the Server-wide Keyboard Mappings	297	(1)
Changing the Keycode-to-Keysym Mapping	298	(1)
Changing Modifier Mapping	299	(1)
Other Keyboard-handling Routines	300	(1)
The Pointer	301	(11)
Tracking Pointer Motion	301	(1)
Getting All Motion Events	301	(3)
Using Pointer Motion Hints	304	(2)
Motion History	306	(2)
Handling Pointer Button Events	308	(3)
Changing the Pointer Button Mapping	311	(1)
Moving the Pointer	311	(1)
Border Crossing and Keyboard Focus Change Events	312	(2)
The KeymapNotify Event	313	(1)
Grabbing the Keyboard and Pointer	314	(6)
Implementing Type-ahead for Information Entry	316	(4)
Keyboard Preferences	320	(3)
Setting Keyboard Preferences	320	(2)
Getting Keyboard Preferences	322	(1)
Pointer Preferences	323	(1)
X Input Extension	323	(4)
Internationalization	327	(30)
An Overview of Internationalization	328	(8)
Internationalization with ANSI-C	330	(2)
Text Representation in an Internationalized Application	332	(1)
ISO8859-1 and Other Encodings	333	(1)
Multi-byte Strings and Wide-character Strings	334	(1)
Internationalization Using X	335	(1)
Locale Management in X	336	(1)
Internationalized Text Output in X	337	(6)
Creating and Manipulating Fontsets	338	(1)
Querying Fontset Metrics	339	(1)
Context Dependencies in Displayed Text	340	(1)
Measuring Strings	340	(1)
Drawing Internationalized Text	341	(2)
String Encoding Changes for Internationalization	343	(4)
Internationalized Interclient Communication	347	(3)
Localization of Resource Databases	350	(3)
Summary: Writing an Internationalized Application	353	(4)
Internationalized Text Input	357	(46)
Issues of Internationalized Text Input	358	(1)
Overview of the X Input Method Architecture	359	(5)
Input Methods and Input Servers	359	(1)
User Interaction with an Input Method	360	(1)
The X Input Method	361	(1)
The X Input Context	361	(1)
Input Context Focus Management	361	(1)
Preedit and Status Area Geometry Management	362	(1)
Preedit and Status Callbacks	362	(1)
Getting Composed Input	362	(1)
Filtering Events	362	(1)
The Big Picture	363	(1)
XIM Programming Interface	364	(2)
XIM Functions	366	(3)
Opening and Closing an Input Method	366	(1)
Querying Input Method Values	367	(2)
XIC Functions	369	(5)
Choosing an Interaction Style	369	(1)
Creating and Destroying Input Contexts	369	(3)
Querying and Modifying an XIC	372	(1)
Resetting an Input Context	373	(1)
Setting Input Context Focus	373	(1)
Input Context Utility Functions	373	(1)
Input Context Attributes	374	(4)
XNInputStyle	374	(1)
XNClientWindow	374	(1)
XNFocusWindow	374	(1)
XNResourceName and XNResourceClass	375	(1)
XNGeometryCallback	375	(1)
XNFilterEvents	375	(1)
XNPreeditAttributes and XNStatusAttributes	375	(1)
XNArea	376	(1)
XNAreaNeeded	376	(1)
XNSpotLocation	376	(1)
XNColormap	376	(1)
XNStdColormap	377	(1)
XNForeground	377	(1)
XNBackground	377	(1)
XNBackgroundPixmap	377	(1)
XNFontSet	377	(1)
XNLineSpacing	377	(1)
XNCursor	378	(1)
Preedit and Status Callbacks	378	(1)
Negotiating Preedit and Status Area Geometries	378	(3)
Geometry, Preedit, and Status Callbacks	381	(7)
The Geometry Callback	382	(1)
The PreeditStartCallback and the PreeditEndCallback	382	(1)
The PreeditDrawCallback	382	(2)
The PreeditCaretCallback	384	(2)
The StatusStartCallback and the StatusDoneCallback	386	(1)
The StatusDrawCallback	387	(1)
Filtering Events	388	(1)
Getting Composed Text	389	(2)
XIM Programming Checklist	391	(12)
Interclient Communication	403	(38)
Properties and Atoms	404	(1)
The Compound Text Encoding	405	(1)
Communicating with the Window Manager	405	(23)
Standard Properties for Window Manager	406	(2)
Application Name-XA_WM_Name	408	(1)
Icon Name-XA_WM_ICON_Name	409	(1)
Window Size Hints-XA_WM_Normal_HINTS	409	(3)
Additional Window Manager Hints---XA_WM_Hints	412	(6)
Application Class Name and Instance Name-XA_WM_Class	418	(1)
Standard Properties for Session Manager	419	(1)
Application Command and Arguments	419	(1)
Client Machine	419	(1)
Optional Properties for Window and Session Manager	419	(1)
Using Created Colormaps-WM_Colormap_Windows	420	(1)
Window Manager Protocols-WM_Protocols	420	(3)
Properties Set by the Window Manager	423	(1)
XA_WM_ICON_SIZE	423	(1)
WM_STATE	424	(1)
Text Properties	424	(1)
Constraints on Client Actions	425	(1)
Changing Application State	426	(1)
Reconfiguring the Top-level Window	426	(2)
Selections	428	(8)
The Selection Mechanism	428	(1)
An Example of Selection	429	(2)
Acquiring Selection Ownership	431	(1)
Responsibilities of the Selection Owner	431	(2)
Giving Up Selection Ownership	433	(1)
Requesting a Selection	433	(1)
Large Data Transfers	434	(1)
More on Selection Properties and Types	434	(1)
Target Atoms	435	(1)
Cut Buffers	436	(5)
Managing User Preferences	441	(28)
Using XGetDefault()	442	(5)
Using the Low-level Resource Manager Routines	447	(5)
Resource Files and Merging	448	(1)
Including Files in a Resource File	448	(1)
Resource Properties	449	(1)
The Low Level Xrm Routines	450	(2)
Standard Geometry	452	(1)
Resource Specification and Matching	453	(9)
Tight Bindings and Loose Bindings	456	(1)
Wildcarding Resource Component Names	457	(1)
The-name Option	458	(1)
Storage/Access Rules	459	(2)
Resource Manager Values and Representation Types	461	(1)
Other Resource Manager Routines	462	(7)
Putting Resources into the Database	462	(1)
Combining the Contents of Databases	462	(1)
Enumerating Database Entries	463	(1)
Associating a Resource Database with a Display	463	(1)
Getting the Locale of a Database	464	(1)
Quarks	464	(5)
A Complete Application	469	(26)
Description of Basecalc	469	(3)
Include Files	472	(1)
The Main of Basecalc	472	(1)
Getting User Preferences	473	(9)
User Defaults for basecalc	473	(1)
Parsing the Command Line	474	(3)
Getting the Databases	477	(2)
Getting Options from the Database	479	(3)
Printing a Usage Message	482	(1)
Initializing the Calculator	482	(4)
Making Windows	486	(1)
Selecting Events	487	(1)
Processing Events	487	(2)
Drawing a Pad	489	(1)
Routines Not Shown	490	(5)
Other Programming Techniques	495	(16)
Reading and Writing Properties	495	(1)
Screen Saver	496	(1)
Host Access and Security	497	(2)
The Host Access List	497	(1)
Enabling and Disabling Access Control	498	(1)
Getting the Window Hierarchy	499	(1)
Close Down Mode	499	(1)
Connection Close Operations	500	(1)
Data Management	501	(1)
The Context Manager	501	(1)
The After Function	502	(1)
Coordinate Transformation	502	(1)
ANSI-C and POSIX Portability	502	(4)
<X11/Xosdefs.h>	502	(1)
<X11/Xos.h>	503	(1)
<X11/Xfuncs.h>	504	(1)
<X11/Xfuncproto.h>	504	(2)
Other Symbols	506	(1)
Porting Programs to X	506	(1)
Programming for Multiple X Releases	507	(1)
Using Extensions to X	508	(3)
Window Management	511	(44)
Layout Policy	512	(1)
Substructure Redirection	512	(2)
Reparenting	514	(2)
Shadows	514	(2)
Window Save-set	516	(1)
Window Manager-Client Communications	516	(2)
Reading the Hints	517	(1)
Setting Icon Sizes	517	(1)
Window Manager Protocols	517	(1)
Window Management Functions	518	(2)
A Basic Window Manager	520	(35)
Operation of the Program	520	(2)
Description of the Code of main	522	(6)
Window Layering	528	(1)
Selecting Input	528	(2)
Handling Input	530	(1)
Inverting an Area	531	(1)
Cursors	532	(1)
Grabbing the Pointer	532	(1)
Painting the Menu	532	(2)
Circulating Windows	534	(1)
Raising and Lowering Windows	534	(1)
Moving and Resizing Windows	535	(5)
The draw_box Routine	540	(1)
(De)Iconifying Windows	541	(2)
Creating the Icons	543	(2)
Getting the Icon Size	545	(1)
Updating the Icon List	546	(1)
Removing Icons	547	(1)
Changing Keyboard Focus	548	(2)
Drawing the Focus Frame	550	(1)
Executing a Shell Command	551	(4)
Appendix A Specifying Fonts	555	(20)
A.1 Font Specification	555	(7)
A.1.1 Font Naming Conventions	556	(2)
A.1.2 Font Name Wildcarding	558	(1)
A.1.3 Font Name Aliasing	559	(1)
A.1.4 Making the Server Aware of Aliases	560	(1)
A.1.5 The fonts.dir Files	561	(1)
A.2 Font Service	562	(3)
A.2.1 Font Server Naming	564	(1)
A.2.2 Font Server Configuration	565	(1)
A.3 Scalable Fonts	565	(10)
A.3.1 Finding Scalable Fonts	566	(1)
A.3.2 Finding Derived Instances of Scalable Fonts	567	(2)
A.3.3 Using Scalable Fonts	569	(6)
Appendix B X10 Compatibility	575	(6)
B.1 XDraw and XDrawFilled()	575	(3)
B.2 Association Tables	578	(3)
Appendix C Writing Extensions to X	581	(28)
C.1 Basic Protocol Support Routines	582	(1)
C.1.1 XListExtensions	582	(1)
C.1.2 XFreeExtensionList	583	(1)
C.2 Hooking into Xlib	583	(11)
C.2.1 XInitExtension	583	(1)
C.2.2 XAddExtension	584	(1)
C.2.3 Hooks into the Library	584	(1)
C.2.3.1 XESetCloseDisplay	584	(1)
C.2.3.2 XESetCreateGC	585	(1)
C.2.3.3 XESetCopyGC	585	(1)
C.2.3.4 XESetFreeGC	586	(1)
C.2.3.5 XESetCreateFont	586	(1)
C.2.3.6 XESetFreeFont	587	(1)
C.2.4 Defining New Events and Errors	587	(1)
C.2.4.1 XESetWireToEvent	588	(1)
C.2.4.2 _XSetLastRequestRead	588	(1)
C.2.4.3 XESetEventToWire	589	(1)
C.2.4.4 XESetWireToError	589	(1)
C.2.4.5 XESetError	590	(1)
C.2.4.6 XESetErrorString	591	(1)
C.2.4.7 XESetPrintErrorValues	591	(1)
C.2.4.8 XESetFlushGC	592	(1)
C.2.5 Hooks onto Xlib Data Structures	592	(1)
C.2.5.1 XEHeadOfExtensionList	593	(1)
C.2.5.2 XAddToExtensionList	593	(1)
C.2.5.3 XFindOnExtensionList	593	(1)
C.2.5.4 XAllocID	593	(1)
C.3 GC Caching	594	(1)
C.4 Graphics Batching	594	(2)
C.5 Writing Extension Stubs	596	(13)
C.5.1 Requests, Replies, and Xproto.h	596	(1)
C.5.2 Request Format	596	(2)
C.5.3 Starting to Write a Stub Routine	598	(1)
C.5.4 Locking Data Structures	598	(1)
C.5.5 Sending the Protocol Request and Arguments	599	(1)
C.5.6 Variable Length Arguments	600	(1)
C.5.7 Replies	600	(2)
C.5.7.1 _XRead 16	602	(1)
C.5.7.2 _XRead 32	602	(1)
C.5.7.3 _XRead 16Pad	603	(1)
C.5.7.4 _XReadPad	603	(1)
C.5.8 Synchronous Calling	603	(1)
C.5.9 Allocating and Deallocating Memory	604	(1)
C.5.10 Portability Considerations	604	(1)
C.5.11 Deriving the Correct Extension Opcode	605	(4)
Appendix D The basecalc Application	609	(30)
Appendix E Event Reference	639	(54)
E.1 Meaning of Common Structure Elements	639	(54)
ButtonPress, ButtonRelease	642	(2)
CirculateNotify	644	(1)
CirculateRequest	645	(1)
ClientMessage	646	(1)
ColormapNotify	647	(1)
ConfigureNotify	648	(2)
ConfigureRequest	650	(2)
CreateNotify	652	(2)
DestroyNotify	654	(1)
EnterNotify, LeaveNotify	655	(6)
Expose	661	(2)
FocusIn, FocusOut	663	(6)
GraphicsExpose, NoExpose	669	(2)
GravityNotify	671	(1)
KeymapNotify	672	(1)
KeyPress, KeyRelease	673	(2)
MapNotify, UnmapNotify	675	(2)
MappingNotify	677	(2)
MapRequest	679	(1)
MotionNotify	680	(2)
PropertyNotify	682	(1)
ReparentNotify	683	(1)
ResizeRequest	684	(1)
SelectionClear	685	(1)
SelectionNotify	686	(1)
SelectionRequest	687	(1)
VisibilityNotify	688	(5)
Appendix F The Xmu Library	693	(8)
F.1 Atom Functions	693	(1)
F.2 Error Handler Functions	694	(1)
F.3 System Utility Functions	694	(1)
F.4 Window Utility Functions	694	(1)
F.5 Cursor Utility Functions	695	(1)
F.6 Color Utilities	695	(1)
F.7 Pixmap Utilities	695	(1)
F.8 Graphics Functions	695	(1)
F.9 Selection Functions	696	(1)
F.10 Charcter Set Functions	696	(1)
F.11 Compound Text Functions	697	(1)
F.12 CloseDisplay Hook Functions	697	(1)
F.13 Display Queue Functions	697	(1)
F.14 Standard Colormap Functions	698	(3)
Appendix G Sources of Additional Information	701	(10)
G.1 Getting the X Software	701	(4)
G.1.1 Bug Fixes	702	(2)
G.1.1.1 Notes	704	(1)
G.1.1.2 Fairness	704	(1)
G.2 Netnews	705	(1)
G.3 Training, Consulting, and Support	705	(1)
G.4 The X Consortium	706	(2)
G.5 Finding Out for Yourself	708	(3)
Appendix H Release Notes	711	(12)
H.1 Changes from Release 4 to Release 5	711	(2)
H.1.1 Internationalization	711	(1)
H.1.2 X Color Management System	712	(1)
H.1.3 Resource Management	713	(1)
H.1.4 Scalable Font Support	713	(1)
H.2 Miscellaneous Xlib Changes	713	(1)
H.3 Changes from Release 3 to Release 4	714	(9)
H.3.1 New Routines	714	(3)
H.3.2 Existing Interface Changes	717	(1)
H.3.2.1 XOpenDisplay()	717	(1)
H.3.2.2 Error Handlers	717	(1)
H.3.2.3 Nonstandard Keysyms	717	(1)
H.3.2.4 XReadBitmapFile()	718	(1)
H.3.2.5 Resource Specification Syntax	718	(1)
H.3.2.6 XrmParseCommand()	718	(1)
H.3.2.7 Keyboard Groups	718	(26)
References	744
Glossary	723	(21)
References	744	(3)
Index	747