Yanks The Epic Story of the American Army in World War I

by Eisenhower, John

• ISBN13: 9780743223850
• ISBN10: 0743223853
• Edition: Reprint
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-06-04
• Publisher: Free Press

Summary

In the perfect match of subject and author, John S. D. Eisenhower, a noted military historian, presents the definitive account of the birth of the modern Amer- ican army and its decisive role in World War I. With the help of his wife Joanne, Eisenhower captures the viewpoints of the actual participants, blending a narrative told from the perspective of top officers with the stories of average soldiers. Drawing on diaries and memoirs, he brings each engagement to life, from the initial planning to the actual battlefield experiences of soldiers whose exploits at Belleau Woods and along the Meuse-Argonne would become the stuff of legend.Along the way, he shows how General Pershing and other leaders -- including George Marshall, Douglas MacArthur, George Patton, Billy Mitchell, and Peyton March -- transformed the American Expeditionary Force from a small, underequipped force into a strong, efficient, and effective army. Fast-paced, lively, and engaging,Yanksilluminates the central role of the American army in turning the tide in the biggest war the world had ever known.

Author Biography

A retired brigadier general in the Army Reserves, John S. D. Eisenhower served as U.S. ambassador to Belgium and is one of the nation's leading military historians. He is the author of three seminal works of military history or biography: So Far from God, on the Mexican-American War; The Bitter Woods, on the Battle of the Bulge; and, most recently, Agent of Destiny, a life of Winfield Scott.

Table of Contents

List of Maps	xi
Author's Note	xiii
BOOK ONE CREATING THE AEF
Prologue	3	(8)
A Visit from Papa Joffre	11	(8)
A Nation at War	19	(7)
The Selection of General Pershing	26	(9)
The Yanks Arrive	35	(16)
Organizing the AEF	51	(16)
The Supreme War Council	67	(12)
BOOK TWO APPRENTICESHIP: THE OPENING BATTLES
Baptism of Fire	79	(14)
The Calm Before the Storm	93	(7)
Unified Command at Last!	100	(11)
``I Will Not Be Coerced''	111	(10)
The Big Red One at Cantigny	121	(14)
The 2d Division at Belleau Wood	135	(16)
The Rock of the Marne	151	(11)
Soissons---The Turning Point	162	(17)
BOOK THREE THE AEF FIGHTS INDEPENDENTLY: ST. MIHIEL AND THE MEUSE-ARGONNE
St. Mihiel---Dress Rehearsal	179	(19)
The Race Against Time	198	(12)
Montfaucon---Ominous Victory	210	(14)
Argonne	224	(16)
Feelers for Peace	240	(10)
First Army Comes of Age	250	(12)
The Windup	262	(11)
The Railroad Car at Compiegne	273	(11)
The End of the AEF	284	(6)
Epilogue	290	(8)
Appendix Mobilization	298	(4)
Notes	302	(27)
Bibliography	329	(6)
Acknowledgments	335	(2)
Index	337

Excerpts

AUTHOR'S NOTE

"The history of the Victorian Age," writes Lytton Strachey in his Preface toEminent Victorians,"will never be written: we know too much about it." That paradoxical and somewhat arresting statement serves as Strachey's excuse for selecting four lives to depict an entire age of British history, but it applies to any subject on which mountains of material have been written.

The First World War, often referred to as the Great War, certainly falls into that category. Too much is known about that vast conflict to permit one book to cover the entire war in anything but a textbook fashion. The "explorer of the past," to continue with Strachey, "will row out over that great ocean of material, and lower down into it...a little bucket, which will bring up to the light of day some characteristic specimen."

With that idea in mind, I have not attempted to write a comprehensive story of the Great War. Instead I have focused on the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), commanded by General John J. Pershing. In describing the inception of the AEF in early 1917 and its subsequent development and employment until the war's end in late 1918, I have not attempted to give a rounded picture of the whole war, which includes the actions of many nations on many fronts. Nevertheless, the story of the AEF and how it fit into the general scheme of the war is worth a study in itself.

The saga of the AEF is not, on the whole, a cheery one. The overseas experiences of the American troops -- "doughboys" -- bore little relationship to the rousing patriotic songs such as George M. Cohan's "Over There," or to the parades and banners. It entailed arduous duties, performed in the wet, the cold, sometimes the heat, with death always lurking, mostly in the front line infantry battalions but elsewhere as well. There was heroism, but there was also cowardice. At first there was ignorance of the job to be done -- "innocence" might be a better word. Yet the end result was inspiring. A great many people pulled together to attain a great accomplishment.

In a way, the story of the AEF in the Great War is part of my background, perhaps something I needed to put on paper in order to work it out of my system. I was born in an Army family slightly less than four years after the last gun was fired in the Meuse-Argonne; my first vivid memories are those of trudging over the battlefields with my father, Major Dwight D. Eisenhower, and my mother. During 1928 and 1929 my father was a member of General Pershing's American Battle Monuments Commission, with offices in Paris. One of his tasks was to draft the officialGuide to the American Battlefields in France.The end result was a remarkable book; it remains today the best available guide for the student of the war to follow. The final edition was not published until 1938, and I have no idea what proportion of my father's original words survived. I also have no idea of how the study of the terrain in northern France helped him in later campaigns across the same territory fifteen years later. But I know that accompanying him on his many tours around the territory made a lasting impression on me. At age six, I was even privileged to shake the hand of the Great Man himself, John J. Pershing!

It is not surprising that, as a youngster, I viewed the Great War in a romantic fashion. Heroic charges, reduction of fearsome enemy machine gun nests, the roar of artillery, the exploits of the air aces -- those were my boyhood fantasies, based on true stories but far from the grim truth.

Others have viewed the AEF and its role in the Great War much differently. Some have thought it unnecessary; others have succumbed to excessive disillusionment over the disparity between the patriotic mouthings of our propagandists and the grisly facts of the Argonne or of Château Thierry. The latter views, when carried to the extreme, are no more right nor wrong than my childhood concepts. They are just viewed from different angles, both extreme.

The purpose of this book, therefore, is to strike a balance, to examine how the AEF came about, to describe the gargantuan efforts needed to create it, supply it, train it, and fight it, and in so doing to show how the modern American Army was born. Since many of my sources are personal memoirs written by survivors, I have not dwelt at length on the immense tragedies felt by so many families. Nevertheless, it is my hope that this single, modest volume will provide some perspective on one of the truly pivotal events in American history.

John S. D. Eisenhower

Copyright © 2001 by John S. D. Eisenhower

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Excerpted from Yanks: The Epic Story of the American Army in World War I by John S. Eisenhower
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