Berry & Kohn's Operating Room Technique

by Fortunato, Nancymarie; Atkinson, Lucy Jo

• ISBN13: 9780323009683
• ISBN10: 0323009689
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780323019804
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

This classic text teaches a solid foundation of surgical principles and techniques, while maintaining the fundamental focus of perioperative skills: the care of the surgical patient as a unique individual. The ninth edition has been reorganized into 12 sections, building the knowledge of surgical principles and techniques in a logical sequence from fundamental concepts to implementation during surgical intervention. The first 11 sections cover the foundations of surgical principles and techniques. The last section reviews the most commonly performed surgical interventions. Includes new chapters on Microbiology and Infectious Conditions and Potential Perioperative Complications. PREVIOUS EDITION AVAILABLE IN SPANISH - 8481741949

Table of Contents

Section I Correlation of Theory and Practice
Introduction for the Learner	3	(14)
Historical Background	3	(1)
Contemporary Surgery	3	(2)
Perioperative Learner	5	(1)
Perioperative Clinical Educator	6	(2)
Learning Resources	8	(2)
Application of Theory to Practice	10	(1)
Expected Behaviors of Perioperative Caregivers	11	(3)
Realities of Clinical Practice	14	(3)
Foundations of Perioperative Patient Care	17	(12)
Historical Background	17	(1)
Professional Nursing	18	(1)
Nursing Process	19	(1)
Standards of Perioperative Clinical Practice	20	(4)
Surgical Technology	24	(1)
Standards of practice for Surgical Technologists	24	(2)
Credentialing	26	(3)
Accountability and Professional Obligations	29	(12)
Historical Background	29	(1)
Accountability	30	(1)
Professional Obligations to the patient	30	(2)
Informed Consent	32	(2)
Advance Directives	34	(1)
Patient Advocacy	34	(1)
Professional Obligations to the Perioperative Team	34	(2)
Importance of Standardization	36	(1)
Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)	37	(2)
Sentinel Events and Performance Improvement	39	(2)
Legal and Ethical Issues	41	(20)
Historical Background	41	(1)
Legal Issues	41	(1)
Liability	42	(3)
Documentation of Patient Care	45	(4)
Standards of Care	49	(1)
Recommended Practices	50	(4)
Ethical Issues	52	(2)
Bioethical Situations	54	(3)
Surgical Conscience	57	(4)
Section II The Perioperative Health Care Team
The Perioperative Patient Care Team	61	(6)
Operating Room Team	61	(1)
Sterile Team Members	62	(3)
Unsterile Team Members	65	(1)
Dependence of the Patient on the Qualified Team	66	(1)
Administration of Perioperative Patient Care Services	67	(14)
Establishing Administrative Roles	67	(3)
Interdepartmental Relationships	70	(5)
Coordination Through Committees	75	(6)
Section III The Patient as a Unique Individual
The Patient: The Reason for Your Existence	81	(14)
Historical Background	81	(1)
Patient-Centered Care	81	(4)
Patients with Special Needs	85	(10)
Perioperative Pediatrics	95	(26)
Indications for Surgery	95	(1)
Considerations in Perioperative Pediatric Patients	96	(5)
Preoperative Psychologic Preparation of Pediatric Patients	101	(2)
Pediatric Anesthesia	103	(5)
Intraoperative Pediatric Patient Care Considerations	108	(1)
Common Surgical Procedures	109	(11)
Postoperative Pediatric Patient Care	120	(1)
Perioperative Geriatrics	121	(26)
Perspectives on Aging	121	(3)
Perioperative Assessment of the Geriatric patient	124	(17)
Intraoperative Considerations	141	(1)
Postoperative Considerations	142	(5)
Section IV The Perioperative Environment
Physical Facilities	147	(14)
Physical Layout of the Operating Room Suite	147	(3)
Vestibular/Exchange Areas	150	(1)
Peripheral Support Areas	151	(2)
Operating Room	153	(5)
Special Procedure Rooms	158	(3)
Ambulatory Surgery	161	(8)
Historical Background	161	(1)
Ambulatory Surgery Facilities	162	(1)
The Ambulatory Surgical Patient	163	(1)
Intraoperative Patient Care	164	(1)
Postoperative Care, Discharge, and Follow-Up	165	(1)
Perioperative Documentation	166	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Ambulatory Surgery	166	(1)
Performance Improvement for Ambulatory Services	167	(2)
Care of the Perioperative Environment	169	(14)
Historical Background	169	(1)
Establishing the Perioperative Environment	170	(6)
Considerations for the Use of Disposable Products	176	(3)
Drug and Medical Device Legislation	179	(2)
Product Evaluation	181	(2)
Potential Sources of Injury to the Caregiver and the Patient	183	(22)
Historical Background	184	(1)
Environmental Hazards	185	(1)
Physical Hazards and Safeguards	186	(9)
Chemical Hazards and Safeguards	195	(2)
Biologic Hazards and Safeguards	197	(3)
Risk Management	200	(5)
Section V Surgical Asepsis and Sterile Technique
Microbiologic Considerations	205	(16)
Historical Background	205	(1)
Microorganisms: Nonpathogens vs. Pathogens	206	(3)
Types of Pathogenic Microorganisms	209	(9)
Antimicrobial Therapy	218	(3)
Principles of Asepsis and Sterile Technique	221	(16)
Historical Background	221	(2)
Transmission of Microorganisms	223	(1)
Sources of Infection	224	(1)
Aseptic Technique and Environmental Controls	225	(2)
Standard Precautions	227	(2)
Application of Sterile Technique	229	(1)
Principles of Sterile Technique	230	(5)
No Compromise of Sterility	235	(2)
Attire, Surgical Scrub, Gowning, and Gloving	237	(18)
Historical Background	237	(1)
Operating Room Attire	238	(5)
Surgical Scrub	243	(3)
Gowning and Gloving	246	(9)
Sterilization	255	(26)
Historical Background	255	(1)
Sterilization vs. Infection	256	(1)
Sterilization	256	(6)
Thermal Sterilization	262	(7)
Chemical Sterilization	269	(7)
Radiation Sterilization	276	(1)
Control Measures	277	(4)
Disinfection	281	(10)
When Is Disinfection Appropriate?	281	(1)
Classification of Patient Care Items	281	(1)
Levels of Disinfection	282	(1)
Precleaning Before Disinfection	283	(1)
Methods of Disinfection	283	(8)
Section VI Surgical Instrumentation and Equipment
Surgical Instrumentation	291	(22)
Historical Background	291	(1)
Fabrication of Metal Instruments	292	(1)
Classification of Instruments	293	(9)
Handling Instruments	302	(3)
Cleaning Instruments	305	(2)
Inspecting and Testing	307	(1)
Packaging Instruments for Use	308	(2)
Repairing or Restoring vs. Replacing Instruments	310	(1)
Powered Surgical Instruments	310	(3)
Specialized Surgical Equipment	313	(34)
Electrosurgery	313	(5)
Laser Surgery	318	(8)
Endoscopy, Minimally Invasive, and Minimal Access Procedures	326	(7)
Microsurgery	333	(9)
Ultrasonosurgery	342	(1)
Integrated Technologies	343	(1)
Robotics and Telemedicine	343	(4)
Section VII Preoperative Patient Care
Preoperative Preparation of the Patient	347	(16)
Historical Background	347	(1)
Hospitalized Patient	348	(1)
Preoperative Preparation of All Patients	348	(10)
Transportation to the Operating Room Suite	358	(1)
Admission to the Operating Room Suite	358	(5)
Diagnostic Procedures	363	(14)
Historical Background	363	(1)
Patient Care Considerations for Diagnostic Procedures	364	(1)
Pathologic Examination	365	(1)
Radiologic Examination	366	(6)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	372	(1)
Nuclear Medicine Studies	372	(1)
Ultrasonography	373	(2)
Sensory Evoked Potential	375	(1)
Plethysmography	375	(1)
Endoscopy	376	(1)
Surgical Oncology	377	(20)
Historical Background	377	(1)
Potential Causes of Cancer	378	(3)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms	381	(1)
Curative vs. Palliative Therapy	382	(1)
Adjuvant Therapy	382	(1)
Surgical Resection	382	(1)
Endocrine Therapy	383	(1)
Photodynamic Therapy	384	(1)
Radiation Therapy	384	(5)
Chemotherapy	389	(3)
Immunotherapy	392	(1)
Hyperthermia	393	(1)
Future of Oncology	393	(4)
Section VIII Anesthesia Concepts and Considerations
General Anesthesia: Techniques and Agents	397	(26)
Historical Background	397	(2)
Pain	399	(1)
Preanesthesia Premedication	399	(2)
Types of Anesthesia	401	(1)
Choice of Anesthesia	401	(1)
Anesthetic State	402	(1)
Knowledge of Anesthetics	402	(1)
General Anesthesia	402	(13)
Balanced Anesthesia	415	(1)
Controlled Homeostasis	416	(2)
Care of the Anesthetized Patient	418	(1)
Care of Anesthesia Equipment	419	(4)
Local and Regional Anesthesia	423	(18)
Historical Background	423	(1)
Preparation of the Patient	424	(1)
Intraoperative Patient Care	425	(1)
Local Anesthesia	425	(2)
Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia	427	(5)
Techniques of Administration of Local or Regional Anesthesia	432	(1)
Actions of Local and Regional Anesthetics	433	(2)
Complications of Local and Regional Anesthesia	435	(3)
Alternatives to Conventional Anesthesia	438	(3)
Physiologic Maintenance and Monitoring of the Perioperative Patient	441	(20)
Historical Background	442	(1)
Monitoring Physiologic Functions	442	(19)
Section IX Intraoperative Patient Care
Coordinated Roles of the Scrub Person and the Circulator	461	(26)
Division of Duties	461	(15)
Sponge, Sharp, and Instrument Counts	476	(5)
Efficiency of the Operating Room Team	481	(6)
Positioning the Patient	487	(14)
Historical Background	487	(1)
Preliminary Considerations	487	(2)
Anatomic and Physiologic Considerations	489	(1)
Equipment for Positioning	490	(4)
Surgical Positions	494	(6)
Modifications for Individual Patient Needs	500	(1)
Skin Preparation and Draping of the Surgical Site	501	(22)
Urinary Tract Catheterization	501	(2)
Skin Preparation	503	(8)
Draping	511	(8)
Plastic Isolator	519	(4)
Section X Surgical Site Management
Hemostasis and Wound Closure	523	(34)
Historical Background	523	(1)
Hemostasis	524	(1)
Hemostatic Process	524	(1)
Methods of Hemostasis	525	(8)
Wound Closure	533	(1)
Sutures	533	(8)
Surgical Needles	541	(4)
Considerations in the Choice of Needle and Suture	545	(1)
Sutures and Needles: Packaging and Preparation	545	(2)
Surgical Staples	547	(1)
Tissue Adhesives	548	(2)
Tissue Repair Materials	550	(1)
Tissue Replacement Materials	551	(4)
Skin Closure	555	(2)
Wound Healing	557	(24)
Historical Background	557	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of Body Tissues	558	(4)
Mechanism of Wound Healing	562	(1)
Types of Wounds	563	(2)
Factors Influencing Wound Healing	565	(3)
Wound Management	568	(5)
Complications of Wound Healing	573	(2)
Postoperative Wound Infections	575	(1)
Wound Assessment	576	(1)
Basic Wound Care	576	(5)
Section XI Postoperative Patient Care
Postoperative Patient Care	581	(8)
Historical Background	581	(1)
Postanesthesia Care	582	(2)
Admission to the Postanesthesia Care Unit	584	(2)
Discharge from the Postanesthesia Care Unit	586	(1)
Death of a Patient in the Operating Room	586	(3)
Potential Perioperative Complications	589	(38)
Historical Background	589	(1)
Respiratory Complications	590	(4)
Cardiovascular Complications	594	(6)
Intravenous Cardiovascular Drugs	600	(3)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	603	(5)
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance	608	(2)
Blood Volume Complications	610	(8)
Shock	618	(1)
Metabolic Crises	619	(5)
Physiologic Injury	624	(3)
Section XII Surgical Specialties
General Surgery	627	(26)
Historical Background	627	(1)
Special Considerations for General Surgery	628	(1)
Breast Procedures	629	(2)
Abdominal Surgery	631	(4)
Biliary Tract Procedures	635	(2)
Liver Procedures	637	(1)
Splenic Procedures	638	(1)
Pancreatic Procedures	639	(1)
Esophageal Procedures	640	(1)
Gastrointestinal Surgery	641	(1)
Gastric Procedures	641	(3)
Intestinal Procedures	644	(3)
Colorectal Procedures	647	(1)
Abdominal Trauma	648	(1)
Complications of Abdominal Surgery	648	(1)
Anorectal Procedures	649	(1)
Excision of Pilonidal Cysts and Sinuses	650	(1)
Hernia Procedures	650	(1)
Amputation of Extremities	651	(2)
Gynecologic and Obstetric Surgery	653	(30)
Historical Background	653	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System	654	(3)
Gynecology: General Considerations	657	(1)
Diagnostic Techniques	658	(5)
Vulvar Procedures	663	(3)
Vaginal Procedures	666	(1)
Abdominal Procedures	666	(4)
Perioperative Obstetrics	670	(5)
Assisted Reproduction	675	(2)
Nonobstetric Surgical Procedures and the Pregnant Patient	677	(6)
Urologic Surgery	683	(26)
Historical Background	683	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System	684	(2)
Special Features of Urologic Surgery	686	(4)
Surgical Procedures of the Genitourinary System	690	(10)
Male Reproductive Organs	700	(5)
Endocrine Glands	705	(1)
Transsexual Surgery (Sex Reassignment)	705	(1)
Postoperative Complications of Urologic Surgery	706	(3)
Orthopaedic Surgery	709	(28)
Historical background	709	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeltal System	710	(3)
Special Features of Orthopaedic Surgery	713	(6)
Extremity Procedures	719	(1)
Fractures	720	(5)
Joint Procedures	725	(6)
Repair of Tendons and Ligaments	731	(1)
Vertebral Surgery	732	(1)
Cast Application	732	(3)
Complications Following Orthopaedic Surgery	735	(2)
Ophthalmic Surgery	737	(20)
Historical Background	737	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye	738	(1)
Ophthalmic Surgical Patient Care	739	(1)
Special Features of Ophthalmic Surgery	740	(2)
Ocular Surgical Procedures	742	(12)
Eye Injuries	754	(1)
Ophthalmic Lasers	755	(2)
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery	757	(22)
Historical Background	757	(1)
Special Features of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery	758	(2)
Grafting Techniques	760	(6)
Head and Neck Plastic and Reconstructive Procedures	766	(3)
Plastic and Reconstructive Procedures of Other Body Areas	769	(4)
Burns	773	(6)
Otorhinolaryngologic and Head and Neck Surgery	779	(30)
Historical Background	779	(1)
General Considerations in Ear, Nose, and Throat Procedures	780	(1)
Ear	781	(5)
Nose	786	(4)
Oral Cavity and Throat	790	(4)
Neck	794	(9)
Face	803	(6)
Neurosurgery	809	(24)
Historical Background	809	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain and Spinal Cord	810	(4)
Special Considerations in Neurosurgery	814	(6)
Surgical Procedures of the Cranium	820	(6)
Surgical Procedures of the Spine	826	(4)
Peripheral Nerve Surgery	830	(3)
Thoracic Surgery	833	(12)
Historical Background	833	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Thorax	833	(2)
Special Features of Thoracic Surgery	835	(5)
Thoracic Surgical Procedures	840	(2)
Chest Trauma	842	(1)
Intrathoracic Esophageal Procedures	843	(1)
Complications of Thoracic Surgery	844	(1)
Cardiac Surgery	845	(20)
Historical Background	845	(1)
Anatomy of the Heart and Great Vessels	846	(2)
Physiology of the Heart	848	(1)
Special Features of Cardiac Surgery	849	(5)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures	854	(9)
Complications of Cardiac Surgery	863	(2)
Peripheral Vascular Surgery	865	(18)
Historical Background	865	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Peripheral Vascular System	866	(2)
Vascular Disease	868	(1)
Diagnostic Procedures	869	(2)
Special Features of Peripheral Vascular Surgery	871	(2)
Conservative Interventional Techniques	873	(2)
Peripheral Vascular Surgical Procedures	875	(8)
Organ Procurement and Transplantation	883	(18)
Historical Background	883	(1)
Types of Transplants	884	(1)
Tissue Transplantation	884	(2)
Organ Transplantation	886	(15)
Index	901