Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development

by Isaacson, Lee E.; Brown, Duane

• ISBN13: 9780205306503
• ISBN10: 0205306500
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-09-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development is a comprehensive, up-to-date text on career development written by two of the leading experts in the area. The seventh edition contains a stronger emphasis on technology and cross-cultural issues. As in previous editions, career development theory, career information, career counseling practice, and career development programming are all covered in extensive detail. The text carefully describes the process of finding and securing jobs in an electronic era and presents students with the trends that are shaping the workplace today and those that will continue to influence their careers over the next decade.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
PART 1 Foundations of Career Development
Introduction to Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development	1	(16)
The Language of Career Development	4	(10)
The Meaning of Work	5	(6)
Defining Position, Job, Occupation, Career, and Career Development	11	(3)
Organizations and Publications	14	(1)
Summary	14	(1)
References	15	(2)
Theories of Career Choice and Development	17	(44)
The Purposes and Evaluation of Theory	17	(4)
A History of Career Development Theorizing	18	(3)
Introduction to the Theories	21	(1)
Trait and Factor Theories	22	(6)
Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice	22	(4)
Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)	26	(2)
The Developmental Theories	28	(10)
Super's Life-Span, Life-Space Theory	29	(7)
Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise	36	(2)
Theories Based in Learning Theory	38	(2)
Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory	38	(2)
Socioeconomic Theories	40	(1)
Status Attainment Theory	40	(1)
Dual Labor Market Theory	41	(1)
Recent Theoretical Statements	41	(10)
A Social-Cognitive Perspective	42	(1)
A Career Information Processing Model of Career Choice	43	(1)
A Values-Based Model of Career and Life-Role Choices and Satisfaction	44	(1)
Variables That Influence Career Choice and Satisfaction	45	(2)
Propositions of Brown's Values-Based Theory	47	(3)
A Contexualist Theory of Career	50	(1)
Theories of Decision Making	51	(2)
Summary	53	(1)
References	53	(8)
Factors Influencing Workers and Their Careers	61	(32)
Internal Factors	62	(8)
Generic Characteristics	62	(3)
Personal-Psychological Characteristics	65	(3)
Personal-Sociological Characteristics	68	(2)
External Factors	70	(19)
Work Situation	70	(5)
Sociological Influences	75	(7)
Economic Aspects	82	(7)
Summary	89	(1)
References	89	(4)
PART 2 The World of Work
Occupational Structure Today and Tomorrow	93	(24)
Causes of Long-Term Trends	94	(3)
Population Factors	94	(1)
Sociological Factors	95	(1)
Economic Factors	96	(1)
Technological Factors	97	(1)
Causes of Short-Term Trends	97	(1)
The Occupational World through 2005	98	(12)
Industrial Grouping	99	(4)
Occupational Grouping	103	(4)
Present and Future Numbers	107	(3)
Sources of Information on Change and Structure	110	(5)
Summary	115	(1)
References	116	(1)
Important Websites	116	(1)
The Dictionary of Occupational Titles Guide for Occupational Exploration, and O*NET	117	(28)
Dictionary of Occupational Titles	118	(10)
Occupational Code Number	118	(7)
Occupational Title	125	(1)
Industry Designation	125	(1)
Alternate Title	126	(1)
Definition	126	(1)
Undefined Related Titles	127	(1)
Definition Trailer	127	(1)
Using the DOT	127	(1)
Guide for Occupational Exploration	128	(4)
Selected Characteristic of Occupations Defined in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles	132	(1)
O*NET and the Future of the DOT	132	(10)
The Content Model: Definitions	134	(1)
Development of the Classification System	135	(1)
Assigning Occupational Unit (OU) Codes	135	(1)
Development and Presentation of the Database	136	(5)
Using the O*NET Database	141	(1)
Summary	142	(1)
References	142	(3)
Other Classification Systems	145	(22)
Roe's Field and Level Classification System	146	(1)
Holland's Classification System	147	(4)
The World-of-Work Map	151	(4)
Minnesota Occupational Classification System III (MOC III)	155	(3)
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)	158	(4)
North America Industry Classification System (NAICS)	162	(3)
Summary	165	(1)
References	165	(2)
PART 3 Information about the World of Work
Finding and Organizing Career and Labor Market Information	167	(42)
Two Types of Information	168	(16)
Subtypes of Information	170	(1)
The Pros and Cons of Different Types of Information	170	(3)
Occupational: Print and On-Line	173	(6)
Educational: Print and On-Line	179	(3)
Audiovisual and Programmed Material	182	(1)
Games	183	(1)
Children's Materials	183	(1)
Career Information Delivery Systems(CIDS)	183	(1)
Interviews with Workers	184	(5)
Career Day	185	(2)
Career Conferences	187	(1)
Post-High School Opportunity Programs	188	(1)
Simulation of Work Environments	189	(1)
Direct Experiences: Observation, Exploration, and Tryout	190	(2)
Career Resource Centers	192	(4)
Basic Criteria	193	(1)
Operational Decisions	194	(2)
Collecting and Evaluating Materials	196	(9)
Criteria for Collecting Material	196	(2)
Initiating a Collection	198	(3)
Managing Materials	201	(1)
Filing Educational Materials	202	(1)
Unbound Occupational Materials	203	(2)
Filing Bound Occupational Materials	205	(1)
Summary	205	(1)
References	206	(2)
Important Websites	208	(1)
Computer-Assisted Career Guidance Systems (CACGS)	209	(24)
Historical Background	209	(2)
Why Use CACGS?	211	(2)
Who Can Benefit from CACGS?	211	(2)
How Effective are CACGS and What are Their Benefits?	213	(1)
Ethical Considerations and CACGS Usage	214	(1)
Which CACGS? Components and Costs	214	(1)
Widely Used Systems	215	(13)
Career Information System (CIS)	215	(4)
Guidance Information System (GIS)	219	(2)
Discover	221	(3)
System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI)	224	(3)
Other Systems	227	(1)
Present Status of CACGS	228	(2)
Future Possibilities	229	(1)
Summary	230	(1)
References	230	(3)
PART 4 The Career Development Process
Systematic Career Development Programming: Application to Elementary and Middle Schools	233	(32)
Historical Background	233	(2)
Programming for Career Development	235	(13)
Program Development and Change	236	(1)
Conceptualizing Career Development Programs	236	(1)
Developing a Program Philosophy	237	(1)
Establishing Needs	238	(2)
After the Needs Assessment	240	(1)
Writing Goals, Objectives, and Establishing Criteria for Successes	240	(2)
Program Evaluation	242	(4)
Program Implementation	246	(2)
The Institutions	248	(10)
The Students: Elementary School	249	(4)
The Students: Middle School	253	(5)
Role Relationships	258	(1)
Helping Parents Understand and Accept Their Role in Career Development	259	(2)
Summary	261	(1)
References	261	(4)
Career Development in the High School	265	(28)
Background	265	(4)
High School Students	269	(1)
The Institution	270	(1)
Developing the Program	270	(2)
Delivery Mechanisms	272	(6)
Classrooms and Groups	272	(4)
Small Groups	276	(2)
Life Planning Classes and Groups	278	(1)
Resources for Classes and Groups	278	(4)
Publications	278	(1)
School Resources	279	(1)
Community Resources	280	(1)
Internships and Youth Apprenticeships	281	(1)
Other Interventions	282	(7)
Career Counseling	282	(3)
Involving Parents	285	(1)
Programs for Special Students	285	(3)
Part-Time Job Placement	288	(1)
Assessment	288	(1)
Consultation	289	(1)
Summary	289	(1)
References	290	(3)
Career Development in Four-Year Colleges, Community Colleges, and Vocational-Technical Schools	293	(20)
The Students	294	(1)
The Institutions	295	(2)
Career Development Programs	297	(3)
Developing the Program	297	(3)
Specific Activities	300	(9)
Advising	300	(1)
Courses	300	(3)
Brief Interventions	303	(1)
Self-Directed Activities	304	(1)
Information	305	(1)
Consultation	305	(1)
Career Counseling	306	(1)
Career Resource Centers	307	(1)
Major Fairs	308	(1)
Peer Counseling Programs	308	(1)
Assessment	308	(1)
Program Evaluation	309	(1)
Summary	310	(1)
References	310	(3)
Career Development Needs of Special Groups	313	(32)
Special-Needs Groups	314	(7)
Physically and Mentally Challenged Clients	314	(5)
Economically Disadvantaged Clients	319	(2)
Cultural, Racial, and Ethnic Minorities	321	(4)
Delayed Entrants	325	(6)
Late-Entry Women	326	(2)
Former Military Personnel	328	(2)
Prior Offenders	330	(1)
Midlife Changers	331	(4)
Voluntary Changers	332	(1)
Involuntary Changers	333	(2)
Older Workers	335	(3)
Summary	338	(1)
References	339	(6)
PART 5 Career Development Procedures
Testing and Assessment in Career Development	345	(35)
Types of Assessment	347	(1)
Qualitative Assessment Devices	348	(6)
Self-Efficacy Measurements	348	(4)
Role Playing	352	(1)
Card Sorts	352	(1)
Genogram	353	(1)
Support for Use of Qualitative Devices	354	(1)
Quantitative and Objective Assessment Devices	354	(16)
Needs and Work Values Inventories	354	(2)
Support for the Use of Values Inventories	356	(1)
Interest Inventories	357	(4)
Interest Assessment On-Line	361	(1)
Support for the Use of Interest Inventories	362	(1)
Personality Inventories	363	(1)
Support for the Use of Personality Inventories	364	(1)
Multiple Aptitude Test Batteries	365	(1)
Support for the Use of Aptitude Batteries	366	(1)
Diagnostic Inventories	366	(2)
Support for the Use of Diagnostic Inventories	368	(1)
Multipurpose Tests and Inventories	368	(2)
Support for Using Multipurpose Tests and Inventories	370	(1)
Selecting Assessment Devices	370	(2)
Technical Qualities	370	(1)
Gender and Culture Bias	371	(1)
Other Issues	372	(1)
Interpreting Results	372	(1)
The Internet as a Resource in the Assessment Process	373	(1)
Summary	374	(1)
References	375	(5)
Career Counseling	380	(33)
Background	380	(1)
Career Counseling Defined	380	(3)
Theoretical Bases	383	(5)
The Career Counseling Process	388	(9)
Relationship/Structure	389	(1)
Assessment	390	(1)
Goal Setting	391	(1)
Intervention	391	(6)
Clients	397	(7)
Women	398	(1)
Men	398	(1)
Minorities and Majorities	399	(1)
People at Midlife	400	(1)
Adolescents and Young Adults	401	(1)
Multipotential Clients	401	(1)
Clients with Disabilities	402	(1)
Dual-Earner and Dual-Career Clients	402	(2)
Case Study	404	(3)
Credentialing Career Counselors	407	(1)
Summary	408	(1)
References	409	(4)
Preparing for Work	413	(30)
High School Preparation for Work	413	(5)
Vocational Education	414	(1)
Work Experience Programs	415	(3)
Outside the Classroom---No Diploma Required	418	(3)
On-the-Job Training	418	(1)
Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA)	419	(2)
Outside the Classroom---High School Diploma Preferred or Required	421	(8)
Apprenticeship Programs	421	(6)
Military Training	427	(2)
Postsecondary Nondegree Schools	429	(4)
Trade, Vocational, and Technical Schools	429	(1)
Community Colleges and Junior Colleges	430	(3)
Colleges and Universities	433	(8)
Kinds of Programs	434	(1)
Admissions Requirements	435	(1)
Factors to Consider in Choosing a College	436	(2)
Accreditation	438	(1)
Financial Aid	439	(1)
Sources of Information	440	(1)
Continuing Education	440	(1)
Summary	441	(1)
References	441	(1)
Important Websites	442	(1)
Job Placement, Outplacement, and the Job Search Process	443	(22)
Job Placement Services	444	(9)
Public Employment Services	444	(2)
Private Employment Agencies	446	(1)
Secondary and Postsecondary Placement Services	447	(3)
On-Line Job Placement Centers	450	(1)
Outplacement Services	451	(2)
Employability Skills	453	(2)
People with Disabilities	454	(1)
Executing the Job Search	455	(7)
The Internet	456	(6)
Summary	462	(1)
References	462	(2)
Important Websites	464	(1)
PART 6 Special Settings and Future Possibilities
Career Development in Business and Industry	465	(21)
Programming for Career Development	466	(2)
Rationale	467	(1)
Initiating the Program	468	(6)
Early Steps	468	(1)
Needs Assessment	469	(5)
Designing the Program	474	(7)
The Essential Components	476	(4)
Integration with HRD	480	(1)
Program Implementation	481	(1)
Benefits	482	(1)
Summary	483	(1)
References	483	(3)
Career Counselors in Private Practice	486	(16)
Qualifications	486	(1)
Guidelines for Consumers	487	(1)
Establishing a Private Practice	488	(7)
Types of Services	489	(2)
Location of the Office	491	(1)
Services to Be Offered	491	(1)
Marketing the Service	492	(3)
Budgeting	495	(6)
Fees	498	(1)
Billing	499	(1)
Other Business Details	500	(1)
Summary	501	(1)
References	501	(1)
Trends and Issues in Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development Programming	502	(11)
Career Information	504	(3)
Career Counseling	507	(2)
Career Development Programming	509	(1)
Summary	509	(1)
References	510	(3)
Name Index	513	(8)
Subject Index	521