Characteristics of and Strategies for Teaching Students With Mild Disabilities

by Henley, Martin; Ramsey, Roberta S.; Algozzine, Robert F.

• ISBN13: 9780205340699
• ISBN10: 0205340695
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Describes the characteristics of students with mild disabilities, and clearly explains the best teaching practices for inclusion, behavior management, social skill instruction, and modifying classroom instruction for students with mild disabilities.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
PART ONE Characteristics of Students with Mild Disabilities
Foundations of Special Education for Students with Mild Disabilities	1	(44)
Vignette: Jake, Mary, Felipe	3	(1)
The Roots of Special Education	4	(3)
Diversity	7	(2)
Handicappism	9	(3)
Litigation and Legislation	10	(2)
Federal Laws	12	(11)
Who Receives Special Education?	23	(6)
Physical Reasons for Needing Special Education	24	(1)
Cognitive Reasons for Needing Special Education	25	(3)
Academic Reasons for Needing Special Education	28	(1)
Communication Reasons for Needing Special Education	28	(1)
Behavioral-Emotional Reasons for Needing Special Education	29	(1)
How Many Students Receive Special Education?	29	(3)
Students with Mild Disabilities	32	(2)
Labeling	34	(2)
Advantages of Labeling	34	(1)
Disadvantages of Labeling	35	(1)
Focus on What to Teach Students	36	(1)
Individual Education Program	36	(1)
Focus on Where to Teach Students	37	(4)
Regular Classroom Placement	38	(1)
Resource Room Placement	38	(1)
Special Class Placement	38	(2)
Special Day School Placement	40	(1)
Homebound Programs	40	(1)
Other Domiciled Settings	40	(1)
Residential Programs	40	(1)
Focus on How to Teach Students with Mild Disabilities	41	(2)
Comparing General and Special Education	42	(1)
Summary	43	(1)
Activities	43	(2)
Students with Mild Mental Retardation	45	(45)
Vignette: Larry	47	(1)
Intelligence	48	(3)
Alfred Binet	49	(1)
Intelligence Tests	49	(2)
Definition and Identification	51	(5)
Types of Mental Retardation	53	(2)
Prevalence	55	(1)
Causes of Mental Retardation	56	(6)
Organic Causes	56	(2)
Environmental Causes	58	(4)
Disproportionate Representation of Minorities	62	(1)
Characteristics	63	(16)
Cognitive	63	(5)
Mental Processing	68	(2)
Academics	70	(2)
Communication	72	(3)
Perception / Mothor	75	(2)
Social / Adaptive	77	(2)
Teaching Strategies	79	(8)
Instructions	79	(2)
Thinking Skills	81	(1)
Reading	82	(1)
Functional Skills	83	(1)
Adaptive Behavior	84	(2)
Daily Living and Work Skills	86	(1)
Summary	87	(1)
Activities	88	(2)
Students with Behavior Disorders	90	(42)
Vignette: Fred Peterson	92	(2)
Foundations of Behavior Disorders	94	(1)
Historical Perspective	94	(1)
Definition and Identification	95	(3)
Issues and Concerns	96	(1)
Levels of Behavior Disorders	97	(1)
Prevalece of Emotional Behavior Disorders	98	(3)
Causes of Behavior Disorders	101	(12)
Biophysical Causes	101	(8)
Psychodynamic Causes	109	(1)
Psychoeducational Causes	110	(1)
Behavioral Causes	111	(2)
Disturbed or Disturbing?	113	(2)
The Ecological Model	115	(2)
Characteristics	117	(7)
Cognitive	119	(1)
Academic	120	(1)
Communication	121	(1)
Social-Adaptive	122	(2)
Strategies for Teaching Students with Behavior Disorders	124	(5)
Discipline	125	(1)
Improving Emotional Problems	125	(1)
Improving Social Problems	125	(4)
Integration of Treatment Approaches	129	(1)
Summary	129	(1)
Activites	130	(2)
Students with Specific Learning Disabilities	132	(44)
Vignette: David	134	(1)
Foundations of Learning Disabilities	135	(11)
Early Research on Learning Disabilities	138	(3)
Brain Research	141	(4)
Causes of Learning Disabilities	145	(1)
Definition and Identification	146	(4)
Major Concepts and Key Phrases	146	(3)
Discrepancy between Achievement and Intellectual Ability	149	(1)
Prevalence of Learning Disabilities	150	(1)
Characteristics	151	(9)
Cognitive	152	(1)
Mental Processing	153	(2)
Academics	155	(1)
Communication	156	(2)
Perceptual-Motor	158	(1)
Social/Adaptive	159	(1)
Strategies for Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities	160	(8)
Medical Model	162	(1)
Psychological Process Model	162	(2)
Behavioral Model	164	(2)
Cognitive Model	166	(2)
Young Adults	168	(3)
Characteristics	170	(1)
Alternative Strategies	171	(1)
Looking to the Future	171	(2)
Summary	173	(1)
Activities	174	(2)
Overview of Students with Mild Disabilities	176	(38)
Tale of Three Students: Vignettes	178	(1)
Cross-Categorical Characteristics of Students	179	(8)
Generalities about Mild Learning Disorders	182	(5)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	187	(5)
Educational Strategies for ADHD	190	(2)
Causes of Mild Disabilities	192	(9)
Organic Causes	194	(3)
Environmental Causes	197	(4)
Special Populations at Risk	201	(10)
Infants, Toddlers, Preschoolers	201	(1)
At-Risk School-Aged Youth	202	(1)
School Dropouts	203	(2)
Identification of Learning Problems	205	(2)
Prereferral Intervention	207	(1)
Referral to Special Education	208	(1)
Multidisciplinary Evaluation and Eligibility	209	(2)
Summary	211	(2)
Activities	213	(1)
PART TWO Teaching Students with Mild Disabilities
The Inclusive Classroom	214	(33)
Vignette: Marsha	216	(3)
Least Restrictive Environment	219	(2)
Mainstreaming	221	(1)
Inclusion	222	(5)
Organizing Inclusion Programs	224	(2)
Court Cases	226	(1)
Collaboration	227	(4)
Characteristics of Collaboration	228	(2)
Collaboration as an Interdependent Style	230	(1)
Inclusion Models	231	(5)
Consulting Teacher	231	(2)
Co-Teacher Model	233	(2)
The Co-Teaching Plan	235	(1)
Tips to Remember about Co- Teaching	236	(1)
Collaborative Learning	236	(5)
Peer Tutoring	237	(2)
Cooperative Learning	239	(2)
Working Together	241	(3)
Teacher Expectations	241	(1)
Classroom Organization	242	(1)
Standardized Tests	243	(1)
Administration	244	(1)
Summary	244	(2)
Activities	246	(1)
Learning and Teaching	247	(31)
Vignette	249	(1)
The Purpose of School	250	(5)
Student Perceptions of School	250	(1)
Child and Adolescent Development	251	(2)
The Hidden Curriculum	253	(2)
Student Learning Styles	255	(3)
Instructional Models	258	(17)
Direct Instruction	259	(1)
Precision Teaching	260	(3)
Brain-Compatible Instruction	263	(2)
Student-Centered Learning	265	(3)
Learning Strategies	268	(3)
Multisensory Instruction	271	(1)
Task Analysis	271	(1)
Functional Curriculum	272	(3)
Integrated Teaching	275	(2)
Summary	277	(1)
Activities	277	(1)
Instructional Modifications	278	(33)
Vignette: Shirley Allen	280	(1)
Instructing Students with Mild Disabilities	281	(1)
Time Management	282	(3)
Allocated Time	283	(1)
Engaged Time	283	(1)
Academic Learning Time	284	(1)
The Physical Environment	285	(2)
Climate	286	(1)
Grouping for Instruction	286	(1)
Selecting Instructional Materials	287	(3)
Modification of Materials	288	(1)
Reading	288	(2)
Testing and Grading	290	(2)
Alternatives to Tests	290	(1)
Grades	291	(1)
Communucation between Teachers and Students	292	(2)
Attention	292	(1)
Clarity of Language	293	(1)
Questioning Skills	294	(1)
Student Performance	294	(7)
Self-Esteem	294	(1)
Study Skills	295	(2)
Organizational Skills	297	(4)
Individualized Education Program	301	(6)
Transition Plan	302	(1)
Curriculum-Based Assessment	302	(1)
Curriculum-Based Planning	303	(1)
Curriculum-Based Monitoring	304	(3)
The Educator's Tool Kit	307	(2)
Summary	309	(1)
Activities	310	(1)
Classroom Management	311	(31)
Vignette: Mr. Mellon	312	(2)
Discipline---An Overview	314	(1)
Preventive Discipline	315	(6)
Know Yourself	315	(3)
Know Your Students	318	(1)
Classroom Organization	319	(2)
Positive Behavioral Support	321	(3)
Functional Behavioral Assessement	323	(1)
Managing Student Behavior	324	(8)
Behavior Modification	324	(4)
Nonverbal and Verbal Techniques	328	(2)
Verbal Interventions	330	(2)
Conflict Situations	332	(7)
Life Space Intervention	332	(3)
Emotional First Aid	335	(2)
Punishment	337	(2)
Getting Rudy to Behave: Putting Theory Into Practice	339	(1)
Summary	340	(1)
Activities	341	(1)
Teaching Social Skills	342	(27)
Vignette: Debbie	343	(1)
Emotional Intelligence	344	(2)
Teaching Social Skills	346	(5)
Selecting a Social Skills Curriculum	348	(3)
A Sample Social Skills Curriculum	351	(7)
Character Education	358	(4)
Moral Development	362	(2)
A Functional Model for Problem Behaviors	364	(3)
Summary	367	(1)
Activities	368	(1)
Building Family Partnerships	369	(36)
Vignette: Eileen	371	(1)
America's Children	372	(3)
Parents and Teachers: Valuable Partners	375	(2)
Benefits of Parent-Teacher Cooperation	377	(3)
Understanding Families	380	(5)
Parent Feelings	380	(2)
The Family Unit	382	(3)
Support for Families	385	(5)
Emotional Support	386	(1)
Information	386	(4)
Teacher-Parent Communication	390	(7)
Written Communication	395	(1)
Technology	396	(1)
The Individual Education Program Meeting	397	(4)
Summary	401	(1)
Activities	402	(3)
Appendix A A Chronology	405	(24)
Appendix B Commonly Used Psychoactive Medications	429	(4)
Appendix C Genetic, Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal Disorders	433	(3)
Appendix D Tests	436	(7)
Appendix E Sample Individualized Education Plan (IEP)	443	(2)
References	445	(28)
Index	473