Emphasis Art : A Qualitative Art Program for Elementary and Middle Schools

by Frank Wachowiak; Robert D. Clements

• ISBN13: 9780673997364
• ISBN10: 0673997367
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-10-01
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley

Summary

The authors has written a book that reflects the latest trends in art education and demonstrates how to motivate children to learn by integrating art with other content areas. Emphasis Art promotes hands-on learning, through technical directions for art-studio experiences as well as helpful suggestions for classroom management, writing, lesson plans, and teaching are to gifted children and students with special needs. This book focuses on the intrinsic worth of art-studio experience and the process of implementing art education into classroom practice with a new emphasis on cultural understanding. In addition to a wealth of creative ideas and clear technical direction, this popular text promotes art appreciation and provides educators with lesson plans that incorporate instructional objectives.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Part 1 Art, Society, and Children
The Role of Art in Society and in the Schools	3	(9)
Art in Society	3	(1)
Multicultural Pluralism	3	(3)
Art in the School	6	(1)
A Qualitative Approach to Teaching Art	7	(5)
Fundamentals of Art: An Overview	12	(10)
Line	12	(1)
Shape	12	(2)
Value	14	(1)
Color	15	(2)
Space	17	(1)
Texture and Pattern	18	(2)
Balance and Symmetry	20	(1)
Variety, Emphasis, and Domination-Subordination	20	(2)
Considerations Regarding a Sequential Art Curriculum Based on Children's Development	22	(8)
Children's Similarities	22	(1)
Children's Variability	23	(1)
Art Development	24	(1)
Need for Sequential Curriculum Across the Grades	25	(5)
A Sequential Curriculum for Grades 1 and 2	30	(13)
Developmental Characteristics	30	(1)
Art Development	31	(3)
Art Criticism, Art History, and Aesthetics	34	(2)
Design, Drawing, and Painting	36	(3)
Collage (Cut and Paste)	39	(1)
Printmaking	40	(1)
Ceramics	41	(1)
Suggested Subjects or Themes	41	(2)
A Sequential Curriculum for Grades 3 and 4	43	(7)
Developmental Characteristics	43	(1)
Art Development	44	(1)
Art Criticism, Art History, and Aesthetics	44	(2)
Drawing, Designing, and Painting	46	(1)
Color Awareness	47	(1)
Collage	48	(1)
Printmaking	49	(1)
Ceramics	49	(1)
Suggested Subjects or Themes	49	(1)
A Sequential Curriculum for Grades 5 and 6	50	(13)
Developmental Characteristics	51	(2)
Art Development	53	(1)
Art Criticism	53	(2)
Art History and Aesthetics	55	(1)
Drawing, Designing, and Painting	56	(2)
Collage	58	(1)
Printmaking	58	(2)
Ceramics, Crafts, and New Media	60	(1)
Suggested Subjects or Themes	60	(3)
A Sequential Curriculum for Grades 7 and 8	63	(14)
Developmental Characteristics	64	(1)
Emotional Vulnerability	64	(4)
Art Criticism	68	(1)
Art History and Aesthetics	68	(2)
Art Development	70	(1)
Drawing, Designing, and Painting	70	(2)
Printmaking	72	(1)
Ceramics and Sculpture	72	(1)
Crafts	73	(1)
Collage	73	(1)
Suggested Subjects of Themes	74	(3)
Part 2 Teachers and Teaching
The Role of the Dedicated Teacher	77	(6)
Who Teaches Art and in What Kinds of Situations?	77	(2)
Need to Guide Students to Create and to Appreciate	79	(1)
The Teacher's Positive Personality, Rapport, and Respect	80	(3)
Teaching Strategies	83	(8)
The Art Room During the First Week of School	83	(1)
Using Nonverbal Instructions	83	(1)
Planning the Distribution, Collection, and Organization of Materials	83	(1)
Beginning the Lesson: Getting Attention and Keeping the Motivation Brief	84	(1)
Getting the Design off to a Good Start	85	(1)
Nurturing Creativity During the Working Period	86	(1)
Strategies for Fostering Perseverance	86	(2)
Cleanup and Evaluation	88	(1)
Classroom Management	89	(2)
Art Motivation	91	(12)
Personal Experience	91	(3)
Still Lifes as Artistic Arrangements	94	(2)
Bulletin Boards and Art History	96	(2)
The Art Medium	98	(1)
Amount and Timing of Motivation	98	(1)
Exhibitions	99	(4)
Science and Art Integrated in Direct Perception of Still Lifes	103	(16)
Animal Life	106	(1)
Astronomy: Our Solar System	106	(1)
Climate	107	(1)
Foods and Nutrition	107	(1)
Geology	108	(1)
Human Body, Anatomy, and Growth	109	(1)
Insects	109	(1)
Light and Perception	109	(2)
Magnetism	111	(1)
Molecules	111	(1)
Plants and Botany	111	(1)
Simple Machines	111	(1)
Sound	112	(1)
Technology and Energy	112	(1)
Water	112	(3)
Weather	115	(3)
Wind and Air	118	(1)
Social Studies, Cultural Understanding, and Art	119	(20)
Social Studies Curriculum Aeross the Grades	119	(3)
Multicultural Understanding Through Making Art	122	(7)
Anthropology	129	(1)
Economics	130	(1)
Geography and Map Reading	130	(2)
History	132	(1)
Law-Related Education and Political Science	132	(2)
Psychology	134	(3)
Sociology	137	(2)
Evaluation	139	(7)
In-Process Evaluation of Student Work	139	(3)
Grading and Summative Evaluation	142	(1)
Evaluation of the Teacher's Knowledge and Performance	143	(3)
Writing Instructional Objectives for Lesson Planning	146	(16)
Need for and Form of Instructional Objectives	146	(2)
Eight Categories of Instructional Objectives	148	(1)
Art Production Objectives	149	(1)
Artistic Perception Objectives	149	(1)
Art Criticism Objectives	150	(1)
Objectives in Aesthetics	151	(1)
Art History Objectives	152	(1)
Affective, Cognitive, and Psychomotor Objectives	152	(1)
Affective Objectives	153	(3)
Cognitive Objectives Correlated to Other Areas of Study	156	(2)
Psychomotor and Multisensory Objectives	158	(1)
A Sample Lesson Plan	158	(2)
Open Objectives	160	(2)
Art for Students Experiencing Significant Mental or Physical Disabilities	162	(8)
Seven Concepts	162	(2)
Teaching Approaches	164	(3)
Using Art for Community and School Integration	167	(1)
Experiences That May Appeal to Students Facing Physical or Mental Disabilities	168	(1)
Materials	168	(2)
Giftedness and Its Art Implications for All Students	170	(11)
Giftedness and Art Thinking	170	(2)
Characteristics of Students Gifted in Art	172	(2)
Teaching Strategies	174	(3)
Extending into the School, Home, and Community	177	(4)
Part 3 Art Appreciation, Art History, Art Criticism, and Aesthetics
New Approaches to Art Appreciation	181	(7)
Art Appreciation in the Schools: From Picture Study to Discipline-Based Art Education	181	(3)
General Methods for Art Discussions	184	(2)
Gamelike Educational Activities	186	(2)
Teaching Art History	188	(5)
Conducting Art History Discussions	188	(1)
Art History Teaching Methods	188	(5)
Teaching Art Criticism and Aesthetics	193	(14)
Conducting Art Criticism Discussions	193	(1)
A Sequential Approach to Art Criticism	193	(6)
Conducting Discussions of Aesthetics	199	(3)
Art Criticism at Home	202	(5)
Part 4 Teaching Art Production
Drawing	207	(20)
Overview of Art Production	207	(1)
Three Kinds of Drawing	207	(2)
Figure Drawing	209	(5)
Portrait and Self-Portrait Drawings	214	(1)
Drawing the Landscape or Cityscape	215	(6)
Drawing the Still Life	221	(2)
Drawing Animals	223	(4)
Crayon and Oil Pastels	227	(15)
Crayon	227	(2)
Crayon Resist	229	(4)
Crayon Engraving	233	(2)
Crayon Encaustic	235	(2)
Oil Pastel	237	(4)
Oil-Pastel Resist	241	(1)
Painting	242	(14)
Painting with Watercolors	242	(2)
Painting with Tempera	244	(4)
Tempera Resist	248	(3)
Mural Making	251	(5)
Paper Projects in Two Dimensions	256	(9)
Collage	256	(1)
Tissue-Paper Collage	257	(4)
Mosaics	261	(4)
Printmaking	265	(14)
Printmaking with Found Objects	265	(2)
Glue Line-Relief Prints	267	(1)
Collographs	268	(2)
Linoleum Prints	270	(3)
Proofing, Inking, and Printing	273	(3)
Aluminum-Foil Reliefs	276	(3)
Computer Art, Photography, and Video	279	(9)
Computer Art	279	(2)
Photography	281	(3)
Video	284	(4)
Three-Dimensional Design: Additive and Subtractive Sculpture	288	(15)
Box Sculpture and Constructions in Space	289	(5)
Masks	294	(4)
Totem Poles	298	(3)
Subtractive Sculpture in Plaster	301	(2)
Architecture	303	(5)
Crafts	308	(14)
Weaving	314	(5)
Starch-Resist Batik	319	(3)
Clay Modeling	322	(11)
Clay in the Primary Grades	322	(3)
Clay in the Upper Grades	325	(1)
Construction Techniques	326	(3)
Drying, Firing, Glazing, and Staining	329	(1)
Clay Plaster Reliefs	330	(3)
Appendix A: Art Materials and Facilities	333	(7)
Materials and Supplies	333	(1)
Expendable Materials	333	(1)
Toxic Materials and Inhalants	333	(1)
Practical Suggestions	334	(2)
Recycling Materials	336	(1)
Special Materials and Tools	337	(1)
Planning Facilities for Art	337	(3)
Appendix B: A Brief Chronology of Art Education in the United States	340	(3)
Appendix C: Recommended Readings	343	(6)
Appendix D: Addresses of Professional Associations, Art Material Suppliers, Audiovisual Sources, Computer Webpages, and Electronic Lesson Plan Databases	349	(2)
Professional Art Education Associations	349	(1)
Art and Craft Material Suppliers	349	(1)
Sources for Audiovisuals: Reproductions, Slides, Cassettes, and Videodiscs	349	(1)
Computer Webpages and Electronic Lesson Plan Databases	350	(1)
Appendix E: Glossary	351	(4)
Photo Credits	355	(2)
Index	357