The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual, Family, and Social Perspectives

by Carter, Betty; McGoldrick, Monica; Carter, Betty; McGoldrick, Monica

• ISBN13: 9780205200092
• ISBN10: 0205200095
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-09-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This is the eagerly-awaited new edition of The Changing Family Life Cycle. Betty Carter and Monica McGoldrick are two of the best-known family therapists in the U.S. The authors have been particularly known for the introduction of feminist theory to family therapy. The new title, The Expanded Family Life Cycle, represents some of the sweeping changes in the text. The new edition proposes a new and more comprehensive way to think about human development and the life cycle. It reflects changes in society away from orientation toward the nuclear family, toward a more diverse and inclusive definition of family. This expanded view of the family includes the impact of issues at multiple levels of the human system: the individual, family households, the extended family, the community, the cultural group, and the larger society. This edition features a ground-breaking integration of individual male and female development in systemic context; our increasing racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity; the emergence of men's movements and issues; the growing visibility of lesbian and gay families; and the neglected area of social class. Significantly changed or expanded, new chapters include individual development (Ch. 2); a clinical method based on Bowen's coaching of individuals (Ch. 26); women's and men's issues throughout the life cycle (Chs. 6 and 7); cultural issues (Chs. 4, 8, 10, and 19); social class (Ch. 5); lesbian and gay families (Ch. 20); single adults (Ch. 21); siblings (Ch 9); and violence (Ch 28).

Table of Contents

PREFACE	xv
PART 1 CONCEPTUAL PERSPECTIVES	3	(212)
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW: THE EXPANDED FAMILY LIFE CYCLE: INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY, AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES	1	(26)
Betty Carter
Monica McGoldrick
The Family Life Cycle	1	(1)
The Family as a System Moving through Time	1	(4)
The Individual in the Family and in History	5	(1)
The Vertical and Horizontal Flow of Stress in the Life Cycle	5	(2)
Anxiety and Symptom Development	7	(1)
The Changing Family Life Cycle	8	(1)
The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual Development	9	(1)
Contemporary Families	10	(1)
Our Life Cycles Unfold in the Context of the Community of Our Connectedness	11	(1)
The Larger Society	12	(1)
The Changing Structure of Families	13	(1)
Multiculturalism	14	(1)
The Political and Economic System	15	(1)
The American Family of the Future	15	(1)
Clinical Implications: The Multicontextual Framework	16	(1)
Assessing Individual Development	17	(1)
Assessing the Immediate Family Household(s)	18	(1)
Assessing the Extended Family	18	(1)
Assessing the Family's Community and Social Connections	18	(2)
Assessing the Impact on Clients of Hierarchy and Power Inequality in the Larger Social Structures of Society	20	(3)
A Method of Including the Sociocultural context in Family Therapy	23	(1)
Conclusion	24	(3)
CHAPTER 2 SELF IN CONTEXT: THE INDIVIDUAL LIFE CYCLE IN SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVE	27	(20)
Monica McGoldrick
Betty Carter
Redefining the Dimensions of Human Development	27	(1)
Developing a Self in Context	28	(1)
The Myths of Complete Autonomy and Self-Determination	28	(1)
Developing a Mature Interdependent Self	29	(1)
It Takes a Village	29	(1)
Gendered Development: From Adam's Rib	30	(1)
Developing a Self in a Nonaffirming Environment	31	(2)
Our Multiple Intelligences	33	(1)
The Connected Self	34	(1)
Countering Unequal Gender, Class, Cultural, and Racial Socialization	35	(1)
The Individual Life Cycle in Context	36	(8)
The "Slings and Arrows" as Individual, Family, and Community Intersect	44	(1)
Developing and Autonomous and Emotionally Connected Self	44	(3)
CHAPTER 3 HISTORY, GENOGRAMS, AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE: FREUD IN CONTEXT	47	(22)
Monica McGoldrick
Using Genograms to Track Family History through the Family Life Cycle	47	(2)
Courtship and Marriage of Freud's Parents: The Joining of Families	49	(2)
The Transition to Parenthood and Families with Young Children	51	(3)
Families with Adolescents	54	(2)
Families at Midlife: Launching Children and Moving On	56	(3)
Marriage: The Next Generation	59	(2)
Parenthood: The Next Generation	61	(3)
Families in Later Life	64	(3)
Conclusion	67	(2)
CHAPTER 4 CULTURE AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	69	(19)
Paulette Moore Hines
Nydia Garcia Preto
Monica McGoldrick
Rhea Almeida
Susan Weltman
Life Cycle Stages	70	(1)
African American Families	71	(3)
Latino Families	74	(3)
Irish Families	77	(3)
Asian Indian Families	80	(3)
Jewish Families	83	(5)
CHAPTER 5 SOCIAL CLASS AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	88	(18)
Jodie Kliman
William Madsen
Understanding Social Class	89	(3)
Class Influences on the Family Life Cycle: Challenges and Possibilities	92	(5)
Three Families	97	(5)
Therapeutic Implications of the Intersection of Class and the Family Life Cycle	102	(4)
CHAPTER 6 WOMEN AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	106	(18)
Monica McGoldrick
Women's Changing Life Cycle Roles	106	(3)
Women and Education	109	(1)
Women and Work	110	(2)
Women in Families	112	(1)
Women in the Middle: Women and Caretaking	113	(1)
Women's Exclusion from the Power under the Law and Societal Expectations	114	(1)
Women and Marriage	114	(1)
Becoming Mothers	115	(2)
Adolescence	117	(1)
Launching Children and Moving On	117	(1)
Older Families	118	(1)
Women and Their Friendship Networks	119	(1)
Women and Loss	119	(1)
That the Bumble Bee Should Fly: Affirming Women through the Life Cycle	120	(1)
Conclusion	120	(4)
CHAPTER 7 MEN IN TRANSITION: THE "NEW MAN"	124	(17)
Elliott J. Rosen
The New Man and the Legacy of Masculinity	124	(1)
Is There a "New Man"?	125	(2)
Men and Power	127	(2)
Men, Friendship, and the Men's Movements	129	(2)
Men and Their Relationships throughout the Family Life Cycle	131	(10)
CHAPTER 8 THE LATINO FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	141	(12)
Celia Jaes Falicov
Family Organization, Migration, and the Family Life Cycle	141	(1)
The Family with Young Children: Relatedness or Autonomy?	141	(2)
The Family with School-Age Children: Brave in a New World	143	(1)
Adolescence: Between Two Worlds	144	(2)
Young Adulthood: Staying Home and Courtship	146	(1)
Marriage: Separating or Returning to the Fold?	147	(1)
Middle Age: A Full Nest	148	(1)
The Elderly: Losses But a Shared Life	149	(1)
Dying and Grieving	150	(3)
CHAPTER 9 SIBLINGS THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE	153	(16)
Monica McGoldrick
Marlene Watson
Waymon Benton
The Importance of Sibling Relationships through the Life Cycle	153	(1)
Age Spacing	154	(1)
Gender Differences	155	(1)
Birth-Order Effects in Sibling Relationships	156	(1)
Life Cycle Issues in Families with Disabled Siblings	157	(2)
Sibling Positions and Parenting	159	(1)
Siblings and Adolescent Relationships	160	(1)
Sibling Relationships in Young Adulthood	160	(1)
Sibling Positions and Marital Relationships	161	(1)
Sibling Relationships in Midlife	162	(1)
Sibling Relationships after the Death of Parents	163	(1)
Other Factors That Intersect with Sibling Patterns: Culture, Class, and Race	164	(2)
Conclusions	166	(1)
Rules of Thumb for Sibling Relationships through the Life Cycle	167	(2)
CHAPTER 10 MIGRATION AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	169	(16)
Miguel Hernandez
Monica McGoldrick
The Migration Experience	171	(1)
Changes in Social Networks	171	(1)
Changes in Socioeconomic Status	172	(1)
Changes in Culture	172	(1)
Life Cycle Phase at the Time of Migration	173	(12)
CHAPTER 11 DEATH AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	185	(17)
Monica McGoldrick
Froma Walsh
Family Adaptation to Loss	185	(2)
Timing of Loss in the Family Life Cycle	187	(1)
Loss at Different Life Cycle Stages	188	(8)
Death in Divorced and Remarried Families	196	(1)
Varied Life Course: Challenges of Hidden and Stigmatized Losses	197	(1)
Conclusion	198	(4)
CHAPTER 12 CREATING MEANINGFUL RITUALS FOR NEW LIFE CYCLE TRANSITIONS	202	(13)
Evan Imber-Black
Creating Rituals as a Developmental Task for Couples	203	(1)
Contemporary Life Cycle Transitions	204	(2)
The Emergence of Symptoms	206	(1)
Therapeutic Rituals	207	(2)
Discussion of the Ritual	209	(1)
Healing Rituals	210	(1)
Identity Redefinition Rituals	211	(1)
Designing and Implementing Rituals for Idiosyncratic Life Cycle Transitions	212	(1)
Conclusion	213	(2)
PART 2 PERSPECTIVES ON THE EVOLVING AMERICAN FAMILY	215	(221)
CHAPTER 13 BECOMING AN ADULT: LEAVING HOME AND STAYING CONNECTED	215	(16)
Richard Fulmer
Young Adulthood: Developmental Tasks	215	(1)
Young Adulthood in the 1990s	216	(1)
Late Adolescence or Early Young Adulthood: Age 18-21	216	(3)
Issues for the Family	219	(2)
Young Adulthood for Heterosexual Men	221	(3)
Young Adulthood For Heterosexual Women	224	(1)
Young Adulthood for Gay Men	225	(1)
Young Adulthood for Lesbians	226	(1)
The Poor Get Poorer: The Last Two Decades	227	(2)
Conclusion	229	(2)
CHAPTER 14 BECOMING A COUPLE	231	(18)
Monica McGoldrick
Marriage in Our Times	231	(3)
Fusion and Intimacy	234	(5)
Gay and Lesbian Couples	239	(2)
The Wedding	241	(2)
Sexuality	243	(1)
Patterns with Extended Family	244	(1)
In-Laws	245	(1)
Sibling Issues in Couple Formation	245	(1)
Cultural Differences	246	(1)
Issues in Marital Adjustment	247	(2)
CHAPTER 15 BECOMING PARENTS: THE FAMILY WITH YOUNG CHILDREN	249	(25)
Betty Carter
Introduction	249	(3)
Gender Issues in Parenting	252	(5)
Problems	257	(3)
Alternate Pathways to Parenthood	260	(6)
Clinical Guidelines	266	(5)
Conclusion	271	(3)
CHAPTER 16 TRANSFORMATION OF THE FAMILY SYSTEM DURING ADOLESCENCE	274	(13)
Nydia Garcia Preto
The Sociocultural Context	274	(1)
Developing a Gender Identity	275	(5)
Changes in the Family Structure	280	(2)
Therapeutic Interventions	282	(5)
CHAPTER 17 THE LAUNCHING PHASE OF THE LIFE CYCLE	287	(20)
Lynn Blacker
Overview	287	(2)
Gender Issues: Men and Women at Midlife	289	(3)
Midlife Marriages	292	(1)
Midlife Divorces	293	(2)
Midlifers at Work	295	(2)
Redefining Family Relationships at Midlife	297	(4)
Friendships of Midlife	301	(1)
Gays and Lesbians at Midlife	302	(2)
Summary	304	(3)
CHAPTER 18 FAMILIES IN LATER LIFE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES	307	(20)
Froma Walsh
The Graying of the Family	307	(3)
Later-Life Transitions and Challenges	310	(8)
Successful Aging	318	(2)
Clinical Challenges and Opportunities: A Resiliency-Based Approach	320	(4)
Conclusion	324	(3)
CHAPTER 19 THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILIES LIVING IN POVERTY	327	(19)
Paulette Moore Hines
Factors Influencing Diversity, Functioning, and Resilience through the Life Cycle	328	(1)
Characteristics of the Family Life Cycle	329	(1)
Assessment and Treatment Considerations	330	(3)
Stages of the Family Life Cycle	333	(9)
Avoiding Therapist Burnout	342	(1)
Conclusion	343	(3)
CHAPTER 20 LESBIANS, GAY MEN, AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	346	(16)
Thomas W. Johnson
Patricia Colucci
Adolescence	348	(1)
Leaving Home/Single Young Adulthood	349	(2)
Coupling	351	(3)
Parenting	354	(2)
Midlife/Later Life	356	(3)
Conclusion	359	(3)
CHAPTER 21 THE SINGLE ADULT AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	362	(11)
Kathy Berliner
Demaris Jacob
Natalie Schwartzberg
Setting the Clinical Stage	363	(1)
The Single Person's Life Cycle	364	(9)
CHAPTER 22 THE DIVORCE CYCLE: A MAJOR VARIATION IN THE AMERICAN FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	373	(8)
Betty Carter
Monica McGoldrick
Gender Issues in Divorce	374	(1)
Time	374	(2)
The Divorce and Postdivorce Family Emotional Process	376	(1)
Family Emotional Process at the Transition to Remarriage	376	(4)
Conclusion	380	(1)
CHAPTER 23 DIVORCE: AN UNSCHEDULED FAMILY TRANSITION	381	(18)
Constance R. Ahrons
The Context of Divorce	381	(2)
Divorce as a Multidimensional Process	383	(2)
The Transitions Framework	385	(10)
Clinical Overview	395	(4)
CHAPTER 24 SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES: STRENGTHS, VULNERABILITIES, AND INTERVENTIONS	399	(18)
Carol M. Anderson
Changing Prevalence and Pathways	400	(1)
The Adaptation of Children in Single-Parent Families through the Life Cycle	401	(1)
Validating the History and Present of Single-Parent Family Experiences	401	(1)
Engaging Single-Parent Families in Therapy	402	(1)
The Significance of the Social Context: Kin and Nonkin Networks	403	(4)
Recognizing and Mobilizing Strengths	407	(2)
Reinforcing the Mother's Authority	409	(1)
Addressing Special Life Cycle Issues of Single-Parent Families	410	(2)
Conclusion	412	(5)
CHAPTER 25 REMARRIED FAMILIES	417	(19)
Monica McGoldrick
Betty Carter
A New Paradigm of Family	417	(5)
Stepfamily Formation following Death	422	(1)
Gays and Lesbians in Stepfamilies	422	(1)
Money in Remarried Families	422	(1)
Predictable Emotional Issues in Remarriage	423	(1)
The Process of Remarriage	424	(1)
The Impact of Remarriage at Various Phases of the Family Life Cycle	424	(1)
Spouses at Same Life Cycle Phase	425	(1)
Stepfamilies and Young Children	425	(1)
Stepfamilies with Adolescents	425	(1)
The Impact of Remarriage in Later Life Cycle Phases	426	(1)
Family Therapy with Remarried Families: Clinical Procedures and Illustrations	426	(1)
Key Presenting Triangles in Remarried Families	426	(6)
Conclusion	432	(4)
PART 3 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS	436	(84)
CHAPTER 26 COACHING AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE	436	(19)
Betty Carter
Monica McGoldrick
System Interactions	437	(1)
Fusion versus Differentiation	438	(1)
Triangles	438	(1)
Distancing and Cut-Off	439	(1)
Differentiation	439	(1)
The Role of the Coach	440	(1)
Humor	441	(1)
Detriangling	441	(1)
Opening Up a Closed System	442	(1)
Engagement and System Mapping	442	(1)
Planning: Learning about the System and One's Own Role in It	443	(1)
Reentry	444	(1)
The Single Young Adult	445	(1)
The Young Couple	446	(2)
Families with Young Children	448	(1)
Families with Adolescents	448	(1)
The Couple at or Past the Launching Stage	448	(2)
Elderly Clients	450	(1)
Coaching Single Parents	450	(1)
Coaching Remarried Family Members	451	(1)
Coaching Minority-Group Clients	452	(1)
Guidelines for the Therapist	452	(3)
CHAPTER 27 ALCOHOL PROBLEMS AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	455	(15)
Jacqueline Hudak
Jo Ann Krestan
Claudia Bepko
Addiction in Context	455	(1)
The Family Life Cycle: A Long-Term Perspective on Alcohol Use	456	(1)
Self-Help Groups	457	(1)
Bias against the Alcoholic	457	(1)
The Impact of Race and Culture	458	(1)
Addiction: Staging and Life Cycle Issues in Assessment	459	(1)
The Family with Adolescents	459	(2)
The Unattached Young Adult	461	(1)
New Couples	461	(1)
Couples at Any Stage	461	(1)
Domestic Violence	462	(1)
After Sobriety	463	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Couples	463	(1)
New Parents	463	(1)
Children in Alcoholic Families	464	(1)
Early Warning Signs for Children at Risk	464	(1)
When a Parent Gets Sober	465	(1)
Launching Children and Moving On	465	(1)
The Family in Later Life: Addiction and the Elderly	465	(1)
Assessment	466	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	467	(3)
CHAPTER 28 VIOLENCE AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	470	(22)
Monica McGoldrick
Mary Ann Broken Nose
Mildred Potenza
Why Intervention Must Address Social Accountability	471	(2)
Young Adulthood	473	(3)
Newly Formed Couple Relationships	476	(3)
Families with Young Children	479	(3)
Families with Adolescents	482	(2)
Families at Midlife	484	(1)
Older Families	485	(3)
Conclusion	488	(4)
CHAPTER 29 CHRONIC ILLNESS AND THE FAMILY LIFE CYCLE	492	(20)
John S. Rolland
The Social Context of Illness and Disabilities	493	(1)
Psychosocial Typology of Illness	494	(2)
Time Phases of Illness	496	(4)
Interface of the Illness, Individual, and Family Life Cycles	500	(5)
Multigenerational Experiences with Illness, Loss, and Crisis	505	(5)
Conclusion	510	(2)
CHAPTER 30 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE THERAPIST'S AND CLIENT'S LIFE CYCLE STAGES	512	(8)
Steve Lerner
Dimensions of Similarity between Therapist and Client	512	(1)
Brief Scenarious: Complex Therapist-Family Life Cycle Interactions	513	(1)
Families with Young Children: A Complex Intersection	514	(1)
She Nurtures/He Earns: The Therapist's Transition Gets in the Way	514	(2)
The Long-Term View: Working with One Family over Successive Life Cycle Stages	516	(2)
Working with Loss: A Link between Life Cycle Stages	518	(1)
Conclusion	518	(2)
NAME INDEX	520	(8)
SUBJECT INDEX	528