Expanded Family Life Cycle, The: Individual, Family, and Social Perspectives

by McGoldrick, Monica; Carter, Betty; Garcia-Preto, Nydia; chapter, contributors

• ISBN13: 9780205409815
• ISBN10: 0205409814
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Now featured in a Classics Edition with a new Foreword by Donald Boch,The Expanded Family Life Cycleintegrates theory and current research with clinical guidelines and cases by two of the most-respected authors, teachers, and clinicians in the field of family therapyAring;Carter and Monica McGoldrick. This classic Family Therapy text provides "and more comprehensive way to think about human development and the life cycle," reflecting changes in society away from orientation toward the nuclear family, toward a more diverse and inclusive definition of "family." This expanded view of the family includes the impact of issues at multiple levels of the human system: the individual, family households, the extended family, the community, the cultural group, and the larger society. The text features a ground-breaking integration of individual male and female development in systemic context; our increasing racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity; the emergence of men's movements and issues; the growing visibility of lesbian and gay families; and the neglected area of social class.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Foreword	p. xvii
Conceptual Perspectives
Overview: The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual, Family, and Social Perspectives	p. 1
The Family Life Cycle	p. 1
The Family as a System Moving through Time	p. 1
The Individual in the Family and in History	p. 5
The Vertical and Horizontal Flow of Stress in the Life Cycle	p. 5
Anxiety and Symptom Development	p. 7
The Changing Family Life Cycle	p. 8
The Expanded Family Life Cycle: Individual Development	p. 9
Contemporary Families	p. 10
Our Life Cycles Unfold in the Context of the Community of Our Connectedness	p. 11
The Larger Society	p. 12
The Changing Structure of Families	p. 13
Multiculturalism	p. 14
The Political and Economic System	p. 15
The American Family of the Future	p. 15
Clinical Implications: The Multicontextual Framework	p. 16
Assessing Individual Development	p. 17
Assessing the Immediate Family Household(s)	p. 18
Assessing the Extended Family	p. 18
Assessing the Family's Community and Social Connections	p. 18
Assessing the Impact on Clients of Hierarchy and Power Inequality in the Larger Social Structures of Society	p. 20
A Method of Including the Sociocultural Context in Family Therapy	p. 23
Conclusion	p. 24
Self in Context: The Individual Life Cycle in Systemic Perspective	p. 27
Redefining the Dimensions of Human Development	p. 27
Developing a Self in Context	p. 28
The Myths of Complete Autonomy and Self-Determination	p. 28
Developing a Mature Interdependent Self	p. 29
It Takes a Village	p. 29
Gendered Development: From Adam's Rib	p. 30
Developing a Self in a Nonaffirming Environment	p. 31
Our Multiple Intelligences	p. 33
The Connected Self	p. 34
Countering Unequal Gender, Class, Cultural, and Racial Socialization	p. 35
The Individual Life Cycle in Context	p. 36
The "Slings and Arrows" as Individual, Family, and Community Intersect	p. 44
Developing an Autonomous and Emotionally Connected Self	p. 44
History, Genograms, and the Family Life Cycle: Freud in Context	p. 47
Using Genograms to Track Family History through the Family Life Cycle	p. 47
Courtship and Marriage of Freud's Parents: The Joining of Families	p. 49
The Transition to Parenthood and Families with Young Children	p. 51
Families with Adolescents	p. 54
Families at Midlife: Launching Children and Moving On	p. 56
Marriage: The Next Generation	p. 59
Parenthood: The Next Generation	p. 61
Families in Later Life	p. 64
Conclusion	p. 67
Culture and the Family Life Cycle	p. 69
Life Cycle Stages	p. 70
African American Families	p. 71
Latino Families	p. 74
Irish Families	p. 77
Asian Indian Families	p. 80
Jewish Families	p. 83
Social Class and the Family Life Cycle	p. 88
Understanding Social Class	p. 89
Class Influences on the Family Life Cycle: Challenges and Possibilities	p. 92
Three Families	p. 97
Therapeutic Implications of the Intersection of Class and the Family Life Cycle	p. 102
Women and the Family Life Cycle	p. 106
Women's Changing Life Cycle Roles	p. 106
Women and Education	p. 109
Women and Work	p. 110
Women in Families	p. 112
Women in the Middle: Women and Caretaking	p. 113
Women's Exclusion from Power under the Law and Societal Expectations	p. 114
Women and Marriage	p. 114
Becoming Mothers	p. 115
Adolescence	p. 117
Launching Children and Moving On	p. 117
Older Families	p. 118
Women and Their Friendship Networks	p. 119
Women and Loss	p. 119
That the Bumble Bee Should Fly: Affirming Women through the Life Cycle	p. 120
Conclusion	p. 120
Men in Transition: The "New Man"	p. 124
The New Man and the Legacy of Masculinity	p. 124
Is There a "New Man"?	p. 125
Men and Power	p. 127
Men, Friendship, and the Men's Movements	p. 129
Men and Their Relationships throughout the Family Life Cycle	p. 131
The Latino Family Life Cycle	p. 141
Family Organization, Migration, and the Family Life Cycle	p. 141
The Family with Young Children: Relatedness or Autonomy?	p. 141
The Family with School-Age Children: Brave in a New World	p. 143
Adolescence: Between Two Worlds	p. 144
Young Adulthood: Staying Home and Courtship	p. 146
Marriage: Separating or Returning to the Fold?	p. 147
Middle Age: A Full Nest	p. 148
The Elderly: Losses But a Shared Life	p. 149
Dying and Grieving	p. 150
Siblings Through the Life Cycle	p. 153
The Importance of Sibling Relationships through the Life Cycle	p. 153
Age Spacing	p. 154
Gender Differences	p. 155
Birth-Order Effects in Sibling Relationships	p. 156
Life Cycle Issues in Families with Disabled Siblings	p. 157
Sibling Positions and Parenting	p. 159
Siblings and Adolescent Relationships	p. 160
Sibling Relationships in Young Adulthood	p. 160
Sibling Positions and Marital Relationships	p. 161
Sibling Relationships in Midlife	p. 162
Sibling Relationships after the Death of Parents	p. 163
Other Factors That Intersect with Sibling Patterns: Culture, Class, and Race	p. 164
Conclusions	p. 166
Rules of Thumb for Sibling Relationships t hrough the Life Cycle	p. 167
Migration and the Family Life Cycle	p. 169
The Migration Experience	p. 171
Changes in Social Networks	p. 171
Changes in Socioeconomic Status	p. 172
Changes in Culture	p. 172
Life Cycle Phase at the Time of Migration	p. 173
Death and the Family Life Cycle	p. 185
Family Adaptation to Loss	p. 185
Timing of Loss in the Family Life Cycle	p. 187
Loss at Different Life Cycle Stages	p. 188
Death in Divorced and Remarried Families	p. 196
Varied Life Course: Challenges of Hidden and Stigmatized Losses	p. 197
Conclusion	p. 198
Creating Meaningful Rituals for New Life Cycle Transitions	p. 202
Creating Rituals as a Developmental Task for Couples	p. 203
Contemporary Life Cycle Transitions	p. 204
The Emergence of Symptoms	p. 206
Therapeutic Rituals	p. 207
Discussion of the Ritual	p. 209
Healing Rituals	p. 210
Identity Redefinition Rituals	p. 211
Designing and Implementing Rituals for Idiosyncratic Life Cycle Transitions	p. 212
Conclusion	p. 213
Perspectives on the Evolving American Family
Becoming an Adult: Leaving Home and Staying Connected	p. 215
Young Adulthood: Developmental Tasks	p. 215
Young Adulthood in the 1990s	p. 216
Late Adolescence or Early Young Adulthood: Age 18-21	p. 216
Issues for the Family	p. 219
Young Adulthood for Heterosexual Men	p. 221
Young Adulthood for Heterosexual Women	p. 224
Young Adulthood for Gay Men	p. 225
Young Adulthood for Lesbians	p. 226
The Poor Get Poorer: The Last Two Decades	p. 227
Conclusion	p. 229
Becoming a Couple	p. 231
Marriage in Our Times	p. 231
Fusion and Intimacy	p. 234
Gay and Lesbian Couples	p. 239
The Wedding	p. 241
Sexuality	p. 243
Patterns with Extended Family	p. 244
In-Laws	p. 245
Sibling Issues in Couple Formation	p. 245
Cultural Differences	p. 246
Issues in Marital Adjustment	p. 247
Becoming Parents: The Family with Young Children	p. 249
Introduction	p. 249
Gender Issues in Parenting	p. 252
Problems	p. 257
Alternate Pathways to Parenthood	p. 260
Clinical Guidelines	p. 266
Conclusion	p. 271
Transformation of the Family System During Adolescence	p. 274
The Sociocultural Context	p. 274
Developing a Gender Identity	p. 275
Changes in the Family Structure	p. 280
Therapeutic Interventions	p. 282
The Launching Phase of the Life Cycle	p. 287
Overview	p. 287
Gender Issues: Men and Women at Midlife	p. 289
Midlife Marriages	p. 292
Midlife Divorces	p. 293
Midlifers at Work	p. 295
Redefining Family Relationships at Midlife	p. 297
Friendships at Midlife	p. 301
Gays and Lesbians at Midlife	p. 302
Summary	p. 304
Families in Later Life: Challenges and Opportunities	p. 307
The Graying of the Family	p. 307
Later-Life Transitions and Challenges	p. 310
Successful Aging	p. 318
Clinical Challenges and Opportunities: A Resiliency-Based Approach	p. 320
Conclusion	p. 324
The Family Life Cycle of African American Families Living in Poverty	p. 327
Factors Influencing Diversity, Functioning, and Resilience through the Life Cycle	p. 328
Characteristics of the Family Life Cycle	p. 329
Assessment and Treatment Considerations	p. 330
Stages of the Family Life Cycle	p. 333
Avoiding Therapist Burnout	p. 342
Conclusion	p. 343
Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Family Life Cycle	p. 346
Adolescence	p. 348
Leaving Home/Single Young Adulthood	p. 349
Coupling	p. 351
Parenting	p. 354
Midlife/Later Life	p. 356
Conclusion	p. 359
The Single Adult and the Family Life Cycle	p. 362
Setting the Clinical Stage	p. 363
The Single Person's Life Cycle	p. 364
The Divorce Cycle: A Major Variation in the American Family Life Cycle	p. 373
Gender Issues in Divorce	p. 374
Time	p. 374
The Divorce and Postdivorce Family Emotional Process	p. 376
Family Emotional Process at the Transition to Remarriage	p. 376
Conclusion	p. 380
Divorce: An Unscheduled Family Transition	p. 381
The Context of Divorce	p. 381
Divorce as a Multidimensional Process	p. 383
The Transitions Framework	p. 385
Clinical Overview	p. 395
Single-Parent Families: Strengths, Vulnerabilities, and Interventions	p. 399
Changing Prevalence and Pathways	p. 400
The Adaptation of Children in Single-Parent Families through the Life Cycle	p. 401
Validating the History and Present of Single-Parent Family Experiences	p. 401
Engaging Single-Parent Families in Therapy	p. 402
The Significance of the Social Context: Kin and Nonkin Networks	p. 403
Recognizing and Mobilizing Strengths	p. 407
Reinforcing the Mother's Authority	p. 409
Addressing Special Life Cycle Issues of Single-Parent Families	p. 410
Conclusion	p. 412
Remarried Families	p. 417
A New Paradigm of Family	p. 417
Stepfamily Formation following Death	p. 422
Gays and Lesbians in Stepfamilies	p. 422
Money in Remarried Families	p. 422
Predictable Emotional Issues in Remarriage	p. 423
The Process of Remarriage	p. 424
The Impact of Remarriage at Various Phases of the Family Life Cycle	p. 424
Spouses at Same Life Cycle Phase	p. 425
Stepfamilies and Young Children	p. 425
Stepfamilies with Adolescents	p. 425
The Impact of Remarriage in Later Life Cycle Phases	p. 426
Family Therapy with Remarried Families: Clinical Procedures and Illustrations	p. 426
Key Presenting Triangles in Remarried Families	p. 426
Conclusion	p. 432
Clinical Applications
Coaching at Various Stages of the Life Cycle	p. 436
System Interactions	p. 437
Fusion versus Differentiation	p. 438
Triangles	p. 438
Distancing and Cut-Off	p. 439
Differentiation	p. 439
The Role of the Coach	p. 440
Humor	p. 441
Detriangling	p. 441
Opening Up a Closed System	p. 442
Engagement and System Mapping	p. 442
Planning: Learning about the System and One's Own Role in It	p. 443
Reentry	p. 444
The Single Young Adult	p. 445
The Young Couple	p. 446
Families with Young Children	p. 448
Families with Adolescents	p. 448
The Couple at or Past the Launching Stage	p. 448
Elderly Clients	p. 450
Coaching Single Parents	p. 450
Coaching Remarried Family Members	p. 451
Coaching Minority-Group Clients	p. 452
Guidelines for the Therapist	p. 452
Alcohol Problems and the Family Life Cycle	p. 455
Addiction in Context	p. 455
The Family Life Cycle: A Long-Term Perspective on Alcohol Use	p. 456
Self-Help Groups	p. 457
Bias against the Alcoholic	p. 457
The Impact of Race and Culture	p. 458
Addiction: Staging and Life Cycle Issues in Assessment	p. 459
The Family with Adolescents	p. 459
The Unattached Young Adult	p. 461
New Couples	p. 461
Couples at Any Stage	p. 461
Domestic Violence	p. 462
After Sobriety	p. 463
Gay and Lesbian Couples	p. 463
New Parents	p. 463
Children in Alcoholic Families	p. 464
Early Warning Signs for Children at Risk	p. 464
When a Parent Gets Sober	p. 465
Launching Children and Moving On	p. 465
The Family in Later Life: Addiction and the Elderly	p. 465
Assessment	p. 466
Summary and Conclusions	p. 467
Violence and the Family Life Cycle	p. 470
Why Intervention Must Address Social Accountability	p. 471
Young Adulthood	p. 473
Newly Formed Couple Relationships	p. 476
Families with Young Children	p. 479
Families with Adolescents	p. 482
Families at Midlife	p. 484
Older Families	p. 485
Conclusion	p. 488
Chronic Illness and the Family Life Cycle	p. 492
The Social Context of Illness and Disabilities	p. 493
Psychosocial Typology of Illness	p. 494
Time Phases of Illness	p. 496
Interface of the Illness, Individual, and Family Life Cycles	p. 500
Multigenerational Experiences with Illness, Loss, and Crisis	p. 505
Conclusion	p. 510
Interactions Between the Therapist's and Client's Life Cycle Stages	p. 512
Dimensions of Similarity between Therapist and Client	p. 512
Brief Scenarios: Complex Therapist-Family Life Cycle Interactions	p. 513
Families with Young Children: A Complex Intersection	p. 514
She Nurtures/He Earns: The Therapist's Transition Gets in the Way	p. 514
The Long-Term View: Working with One Family over Successive Life Cycle Stages	p. 516
Working with Loss: A Link between Life Cycle Stages	p. 518
Conclusion	p. 518
Name Index	p. 520
Subject Index	p. 528
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