Fishes : An Introduction to Ichthyology

by Moyle, Peter B.; Cech, Joseph J.

• ISBN13: 9780130112828
• ISBN10: 0130112828
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Benjamin Cummings

Summary

This book provides a comprehensive and current source of information on fishes¿including systematics, zoogeography, behavior, and conservation of fishes¿that is often needed by professionals as background for writing accurate reports. This book covers the structure and physiology, evolution and taxonomy, zoogeography, and ecology and conservation of fishes. For fisheries biologists, conservation biologists, and aquatic ecologists that need an up-to-date reference on Ichthyology.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
PART I: INTRODUCTION	1	(10)
Intoduction	1	(10)
Modern Fishes	1	(4)
History of Ichthyology	5	(3)
Fish Classification	8	(1)
Introductory Lessons	9	(2)
PART II: STRUCTURE AND FORM	11	(170)
Form And Movement	11	(24)
External Anatomy	11	(1)
Body Shape	11	(4)
Scales	15	(2)
Fins	17	(2)
Other Structures	19	(1)
Skeletal System	20	(3)
Muscular System	23	(2)
Locomotion	25	(4)
Energetics of Swimming	29	(4)
Lessons from Form and Movement	33	(2)
Respiration	35	(12)
Gills	36	(5)
Air-Breathing Fishes	41	(2)
Fish Oxygen Requirements	43	(3)
Lessons from Respiration	46	(1)
Blood And Its Circulation	47	(22)
Blood	47	(1)
Erythrocutes	48	(2)
Leukocytes	50	(10)
Circulation	60	(8)
Lessons from Blood and Circulation	68	(1)
Buoyancy And Thermal Regulation	69	(10)
Buoyancy	69	(3)
Thermal Regulation	72	(5)
Lessons from Buoyancy and Thermal Regulation	77	(2)
Hydromineral Balance	79	(18)
Osmoregulation	79	(3)
Ionic Regulation	82	(7)
Stress Respones and Effects	89	(3)
Freezing Resistance	92	(1)
Acid-Base Balance	93	(3)
Lessons from Hydromineral Balance	96	(1)
Feeding, Nutrition, Digestion, And Excretion	97	(14)
Feeding	97	(5)
Nutrition	102	(3)
Digestion and Absorption	105	(3)
Excretion	108	(1)
Lessons from Feeding, Nutrition, Digestion, and Excretion	109	(2)
Growth	111	(12)
Factors Affecting Growth	111	(5)
Growth Regulation	116	(2)
Growth Rate Measurements and Models	118	(4)
Lessons from Growth	122	(1)
Reproduction	123	(22)
Reproductive Anatomy	123	(2)
Breeding Behavior	125	(5)
Developmental Adaptations	130	(2)
Physiological Adaptations	132	(2)
Energetic Adaptations	134	(7)
Alternative Reproductive Strategies	141	(2)
Sex Change in Fish	143	(1)
Lessons from Fish Reproduction	144	(1)
Sensory Perception	145	(16)
Chemoreception	145	(3)
Acoustico-Lateralis System	148	(6)
Electroreception	154	(2)
Vision/Photoreception	156	(4)
Lessons from Sensory Perception	160	(1)
Behavior And communication	161	(20)
Migratory Behavior	161	(5)
Shoaling	166	(3)
Feeding Behavior	169	(2)
Aggressive Behavior	171	(1)
Resting Behavior	172	(1)
Communication	172	(8)
Lessons from Fish Behavior and Communication	180	(1)
PART III: THE FISHES	181	(160)
Systematics, Genetics, And speciation	181	(12)
Taxonomic Methods	182	(3)
Genetic Variability	185	(1)
Speciation	186	(2)
Hybridization	188	(1)
Nomenclature	189	(3)
Lessons from fish Systematics, Genetics, and Speciation	192	(1)
Evolution	193	(19)
Ostracoderms	194	(2)
Placodermi	196	(1)
Chondrichthyes	197	(3)
Acanthodii	200	(1)
Osteichthyes	201	(1)
Sarcopterygii	202	(2)
Actinopterygii	204	(2)
Structural Changes in Actinopterygians	206	(3)
Evolutionary Trends Within the Teleosts	209	(2)
Lessons from Fish Evolution	211	(1)
Hagfishes And Lampreys	212	(7)
Hagfishes	212	(2)
Lampreys	214	(4)
Lesson from Hagfishes and Lampreys	218	(1)
Sharks, Rays, And Chimaeras	219	(14)
Adaptations	220	(3)
Reproduction	223	(3)
Diversity	226	(6)
Lessons from the Chondrichthyes	232	(1)
Relict Bony Fishes	233	(8)
Sarcopterygii	234	(1)
Dipnomorpha	234	(1)
Actinistia: The Coelacanth	235	(1)
Actinopterygii	235	(1)
Polypteriformes	236	(1)
Acipenseriformes	237	(2)
Lepisosteiformes	239	(1)
Amiiformes	240	(1)
Lessons from Relict Bony fishes	240	(1)
Teleost Offshoots: Bonytongues, Herrings, And Eels	241	(12)
Teleostei	241	(1)
Osteoglossomorpha	242	(3)
Elopomorpha	245	(5)
Clupemorpha	250	(2)
Lessons from Teleost Offshoots	252	(1)
Minnows, Characins, And Catfishes	253	(14)
Gonorynchiformes	254	(2)
Otophysi	256	(1)
Cypriniformes	257	(3)
Characiformes	260	(1)
Siluriformes	261	(4)
Gymnotiformes	265	(1)
Lessons from the Otophysi	266	(1)
Smelt, Salmon, And Pike	267	(9)
Argentiformes	268	(1)
Salmoniformes	268	(1)
Osmeroidei	268	(3)
Salmonoidei	271	(3)
Esociformes	274	(1)
Lessons from Smelt, Salmon, and Pike	275	(1)
Anglerfish, Barracudinas, Cods, And Dragonfish	276	(14)
Stenopterygii	277	(2)
Cyclosquamata	279	(2)
Scopelomorpha	281	(1)
Paracanthopteryggi	282	(7)
Lessons from Odds and Cods	289	(1)
Silversides, Flying fish, And Killifish	290	(9)
Atheriniformes	291	(1)
Beloniformes	292	(1)
Cyprinodontiformes	293	(4)
Lessons from the Atherinomorpha	297	(2)
Opahs, Squirrelfish, Dories, Pipefish, And Sculpins	299	(14)
Percomorpha	300	(1)
Lampridiformes	301	(1)
Stephanoberyciformes and Beryciformes	302	(2)
Zeiformes	304	(1)
Gasterosteiformes	304	(2)
Synbranchiformes	306	(2)
Dactylopteriformes	308	(1)
Scorpaeniformes	308	(3)
Lessons from Percomorphs: I	311	(2)
Perciformes: Snooks to Snakeheads	313	(22)
Percoidei	315	(5)
Labroidei	320	(3)
Zoarcoidei	323	(1)
Notothenioidei	323	(1)
Trachinoidei	323	(2)
Blennioidei	325	(1)
Gobiesocoidei	326	(1)
Callionymoidei	327	(1)
Gobioidei	327	(1)
Kurtoidei	328	(1)
Acanthuroidei	329	(1)
Mugiloidei	329	(1)
Scombroidei	329	(2)
Stromateoidei	331	(1)
Anabantoidei	332	(1)
Channoidei	332	(1)
Lessons from the Percomorpha: II	333	(2)
Flounders, Puffers, And Molas	335	(6)
Pleuronectiformes	335	(3)
Tetraodontiformes	338	(1)
Lessons from Flatfish and Puffers	339	(2)
PART IV: ZOOGEOGRAPHY	341	(36)
Zoogeography Of Freshwater Fishes	341	(10)
Zoogeographic Types	341	(2)
Zoogeographic Regions	343	(1)
African Region	344	(1)
Neotropical Region	345	(2)
Oriental Region	347	(1)
Palaearctic Region	348	(1)
Nearctic Region	349	(6)
Australian Region	355	(1)
Plate Tectonics and the Distribution of Freshwater Fishes	356	(3)
Pleistocene Glaciation	359	(1)
Lessons from Freshwater Zoogeography	359	(2)
Zoogeography OF Marine Fishes	361	(1)
Continental Shelves	361	(10)
Pelagic Regions	371	(3)
Deepsea Regions	374	(1)
Antitropical Distribution Patterns	375	(1)
Lessons from Marine Zoogeography	376	(1)
PART V: ECOLOGY	377	(156)
Introduction To Ecology	377	(12)
Filters	377	(3)
Predation	380	(1)
Competition	381	(3)
Symbiosis	384	(1)
Parasites and Pathogens	385	(2)
Intraspecific Interactions	387	(1)
Lessons from Fish Ecology	388	(1)
Temperate Streams	389	(12)
Factors that Affect Distribution	389	(8)
Zonation	397	(3)
Fish Assemblages	400	(1)
Lessons from Stream Fishes	400	(1)
Temperate Lakes And Reservoirs	401	(16)
Physical Factors	401	(3)
Chemical Factors	404	(2)
Temporal Factors	406	(2)
Biological Factors	408	(3)
Zoogeographic Factors	411	(1)
Fish Zones	412	(4)
Lessons from Lake Fishes	416	(1)
Tropical Freshwater lakes And Streams	417	(16)
Physical Factors	417	(3)
Chemical Factors	420	(1)
Biological Factors	421	(2)
Fish Communities	423	(7)
Speciation in African Cichlids	430	(2)
Lessons from Tropical Fishes	432	(1)
Estuaries	433	(9)
Characteristics of Estuaries	433	(1)
Estuarine Fishes	434	(1)
Factors That Affect Distribution	435	(4)
Food Webs	439	(1)
Fish Communities	440	(1)
Lessons from Estuarine Fishes	441	(1)
Coastal Habitats	442	(19)
Rocky Intertidal Areas	442	(3)
Exposed Beaches	445	(1)
Mudflats	446	(1)
Salt Marshes	446	(3)
Mangrove Swamps	449	(1)
Seagrass Flats	449	(2)
Kelp Beds	451	(2)
Near-Shore Rocky Bottoms	453	(1)
Near-Shore Soft Bottoms	454	(5)
Hypersaline Lagoons and Salt Ponds	459	(1)
Lessons from coastal Fishes	460	(1)
Tropical Reefs	461	(14)
The Reef Environment	461	(2)
Types of Reef fishes	463	(4)
Life Cycles	467	(1)
Species Interactions	468	(2)
Activity Patterns	470	(1)
Community Structure	471	(2)
Lessons from Tropical Reef Fishes	473	(2)
Epipelagic Zone	475	(10)
Adaptations for Pelagic Life	475	(1)
Ecological Types	476	(1)
Factors That Affect Distribution and Abundance	476	(4)
Migrations and Movements	480	(1)
Pacific Sardine	481	(3)
Lessons from Epipelagic Fishes	484	(1)
Deepsea Habitats	485	(11)
Adaptations	486	(2)
Reproductive Strategies	488	(2)
Factors That Affect Distribution	490	(2)
Ecology	492	(3)
Lessons from Deepsea Fishes	495	(1)
Polar regions	496	(8)
Arctic Fishes	496	(1)
Antarctis Fishes	497	(2)
Adaptations	499	(1)
Factors tat Affect distribution	500	(1)
Fish Communities	500	(2)
Lessons from Polar Fishes	502	(2)
Conservation	504	(29)
Status of Fish Faunas	504	(3)
Causes of Change	507	(10)
Conservation Biology	517	(1)
Values and Fish Conservation	517	(6)
How Well are We Doing? Examples From the Real World	523	(8)
Conclusions	531	(1)
The Final Lesson	532	(1)
Bibliography	533	(66)
Index	599