Images of the Past with PowerWeb

by Price, T. Douglas; Feinman, Gary M.

• ISBN13: 9780072996340
• ISBN10: 007299634X
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-23
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

This well illustrated, site-by-site survey of prehistory captures the popular interest, excitement, and visual splendor of archaeology as it provides insight into the research, interpretations, and theoretical themes in the field. The new edition maintains the authors' innovative solutions to two central problems of the course: first, the text continues to focus on about 80 sites, giving students less encyclopedic detail but essential coverage of the discoveries that have produced the major insights into prehistory; second, it continues to be organized into essays on sites and concepts, allowing professors complete flexibility in organizing their courses.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
About the Authors	xxiii
Walkthrough	xxvii
Principles of Archaeology	1	(34)
Introduction	1	(1)
Time	2	(1)
Geological Time	3	(2)
Change	5	(1)
Biological Evolution	6	(1)
Fundamentals of Archaeology	7	(1)
The Discovery of Archaeological Sites	7	(3)
Archaeological Excavation	10	(8)
Analysis of Archaeological Materials	18	(7)
Interpretation of Archaeological Information	25	(6)
Images and Ideas The Basis of Archaeology	31	(4)
The First Humans	35	(36)
Introduction The Dawn of Humanity	35	(4)
Concept The Family Tree	39	(5)
Site Hadar	44	(4)
Concept Dating Methods	48	(2)
Site Laetoli	50	(2)
Site Swartkrans	52	(3)
Concept Hunters or Scavengers?	55	(1)
Site Olduvai	56	(5)
Concept The Leakey Family	61	(2)
Concept The First Tools	63	(2)
Images and Ideas Bones, Stones, and Human Behavior	65	(6)
Out of Africa: Homo erectus	71	(34)
Introduction From Hominid to Human	71	(4)
Concept The Paleolithic Period	75	(3)
Site Trinil	78	(4)
Concept Climate and Environment in the Pleistocene	82	(4)
Site Zhoukoudian	86	(4)
Concept The First Europeans	90	(2)
Site Atapuerca	92	(3)
Concept Pleistocene Mammals	95	(3)
Site Kalambo Falls and Olorgesailie	98	(1)
Concept The Acheulean Handaxe	99	(2)
Images and Ideas The End of the Lower Paleolithic	101	(4)
The Hunters	105	(54)
Introduction The Rise of Homo sapiens	105	(4)
Concept The Origins of Language	109	(2)
Site The Klasies River Mouth Caves	111	(3)
Concept Modern and Ancient DNA	114	(3)
Site The Valley of the Neanderthals	117	(4)
Concept The Fate of the Neanderthals	121	(2)
Concept The Upper Paleolithic	123	(3)
Site Dolni Vestonice	126	(3)
Site The Cave of Lascaux	129	(6)
Concept Portable Art	135	(2)
Site Pincevent	137	(2)
Concept Symbols and Notation	139	(2)
Site Lake Mungo, Australia	141	(2)
Concept Radiocarbon Dating	143	(2)
Site Beringia	145	(3)
Site Monte Verde	148	(3)
Site Lindenmeier	151	(2)
Site Kennewick Man	153	(1)
Concept Pleistocene Extinction	154	(2)
Images and Ideas The End of the Paleolithic	156	(3)
Postglacial Foragers	159	(36)
Introduction The World after 8000 B.C.	159	(4)
Concept The Postglacial Environment of Europe	163	(2)
Site Vedbaek	165	(5)
Concept Bone Chemistry and Prehistoric Subsistence	170	(2)
Site Elands Bay Cave	172	(4)
Site Nittano	176	(4)
Site Carrier Mills	180	(5)
Concept The Human Skeleton	185	(2)
Site Gatecliff Shelter	187	(3)
Concept Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers	190	(2)
Images and Ideas The World of Hunter-Gatherers	192	(3)
The Origins of Agriculture	195	(68)
Introduction The First Farmers	195	(6)
Concept Exploring the Origins of Agriculture	201	(4)
Site 'Ain Mallaha	205	(2)
Concept Wheat, Barley, Pigs, Goats, and Sheep	207	(3)
Site Abu Hureyra	210	(4)
Concept Paleoethnobotany	214	(3)
Site Jericho	217	(3)
Concept Archaeozoology	220	(3)
Site Catalhoyuk	223	(5)
Site Mehrgarh	228	(2)
Concept Pottery	230	(2)
Site Ban-po-ts'un	232	(3)
Concept Rice	235	(1)
Site Khok Phanom Di	236	(3)
Concept Early Metallurgy in Thailand	239	(1)
Site Guila Naquitz Cave	240	(3)
Concept Zea mays	243	(3)
Site Tehuacan	246	(4)
Site Guitarrero Cave	250	(4)
Concept Agriculture in Native North America	254	(2)
Concept Breast-Feeding and Birth Spacing	256	(2)
Images and Ideas The Spread of Agriculture	258	(5)
Native North Americans	263	(52)
Introduction The Diversity of Native American Life	263	(5)
Site Poverty Point	268	(4)
Site Hopewell	272	(4)
Concept The Archaeology of Exchange	276	(2)
Site Cahokia	278	(4)
Concept Monumental Architecture	282	(2)
Site Moundville	284	(4)
Concept Grave Offerings	288	(2)
Site The Draper Site	290	(4)
Site Snaketown	294	(5)
Concept Studying Community Plan at Snaketown	299	(1)
Site Chaco Canyon	300	(5)
Site Ozette	305	(4)
Concept Chiefs	309	(2)
Images and Ideas The Clash of Worlds	311	(4)
Ancient Mesoamerica	315	(66)
Introduction Early State Development in Mesoamerica	315	(5)
Site San Jose Mogote	320	(3)
Concept Nonresidential Architecture	323	(2)
Site San Lorenzo and La Venta	325	(4)
Concept The Olmec Horizon	329	(2)
Site El Mirador	331	(3)
Concept Carved Stone	334	(1)
Site Monte Alban	335	(5)
Concept Settlement Pattern Surveys	340	(2)
Site Teotihuacan	342	(6)
Concept The Mesoamerican Ballgame	348	(1)
Site Tikal	349	(4)
Concept Raised and Drained Fields	353	(2)
Concept Tikal's Monument Record	355	(2)
Site Palenque	357	(4)
Concept Writing and Calendars	361	(2)
Site Tula	363	(3)
Site Chichen Itza	366	(4)
Site Tenochtitlan	370	(5)
Concept Aztec Markets	375	(1)
Concept Human Sacrifice and Cannibalism	376	(2)
Images and Ideas The End of Prehispanic Civilizations in Mexico	378	(3)
South America: The Inca and Their Predecessors	381	(44)
Introduction Prehispanic South America	381	(4)
Site El Paraiso	385	(3)
Concept The Maritime Hypothesis	388	(1)
Site Chavin de Huantar	389	(3)
Concept The Textiles of Paracas	392	(1)
Site Moche	393	(5)
Concept The Nazca Geoglyphs	398	(1)
Site Sipan	399	(4)
Site Tiwanaku	403	(4)
Site Chan Chan	407	(4)
Site Cuzco and Machu Picchu	411	(4)
Concept Inca Highways	415	(2)
Site Huanuco Pampa	417	(4)
Images and Ideas The Organization of State Society	421	(4)
States and Empires in Asia and Africa	425	(72)
Introduction Asia and Africa after the Transition to Agriculture	425	(4)
Site Eridu	429	(4)
Concept Temples	433	(1)
Site Uruk	434	(5)
Concept Early Writing Systems	439	(3)
Site Harappa and Mohenjo-daro	442	(6)
Concept Economic Specialization	448	(2)
Site Hierakonpolis	450	(5)
Concept The Cemetery at Hierakonpolis	455	(1)
Site Giza and Dynastic Egypt	456	(4)
Concept Pyramids	460	(2)
Site An-yang	462	(6)
Concept The Roots of Chinese Cuisine	468	(2)
Site Xianyang	470	(6)
Site Angkor	476	(4)
Site Jenne-jeno	480	(5)
Site Great Zimbabwe	485	(6)
Images and Ideas Theories of State Development	491	(6)
Prehistoric Europe	497	(56)
Introduction From the First Farmers to the Roman Empire	497	(4)
Site Franchthi Cave	501	(2)
Site Varna	503	(3)
Concept The Iceman	506	(3)
Site Charavines	509	(4)
Concept The Megaliths of Western Europe	513	(4)
Site Stonehenge	517	(4)
Concept The Aegean Bronze Age	521	(3)
Site Knossos	524	(3)
Site Mycenae	527	(4)
Concept The Bronze Age North of the Alps	531	(2)
Site Borum Eshoj	533	(3)
Site Vix	536	(3)
Concept The Bog People	539	(2)
Site Maiden Castle	541	(3)
Site Vindolanda	544	(3)
Images and Ideas Lessons from Prehistoric Europe	547	(6)
In Conclusion: The Past as Present and Future	553	(9)
The Value of the Past	553	(1)
The Heritage of the Past	554	(2)
Ethics in Archaeology	556	(1)
Careers in Archaeology	556	(4)
Images and Ideas The End	560	(2)
Appendix: Common Measurement Conversions and Equivalents	562
Glossary	1	(1)
References	1	(1)
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1