Introduction to Rhetorical Communication, An

by McCroskey, James C.

• ISBN13: 9780205317226
• ISBN10: 0205317227
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication offers a true integration of rhetorical theory and social science approaches to public communication. This highly successful text guides students through message planning and presentation in an easy step-by-step process. An Introduction to Rhetorical Communication provides students with a solid grounding in the rhetorical tradition and the basis for developing effective messages.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
PART I GETTING STARTED	1	(60)
A Rhetorical Tradition	3	(16)
Earliest Writings	4	(1)
The Greek Period	4	(5)
The Roman Period	9	(2)
Third Century A.D. to the Renaissance	11	(1)
The Renaissance	11	(1)
The Colonial Period	12	(3)
The Twentieth Century	15	(1)
History In Perspective	16	(2)
Discussion Questions	18	(1)
Notes	18	(1)
The Nature of Rhetorical Communication	19	(19)
The Meaning of Rhetorical Communication	20	(2)
Models of the Communication Process	22	(6)
Interpersonal Communication Model	28	(2)
Some Important Distinctions	30	(1)
Misconceptions About Communication	31	(4)
The Goals of Rhetorical Communication	35	(1)
Discussion Questions	36	(1)
Notes	37	(1)
Stage Fright: A Normal Problem	38	(23)
A Normal Problem	38	(2)
Communication Apprehension	40	(5)
Causes of Stage Fright	45	(8)
Effects of Stage Fright	53	(4)
Controlling Stage Fright	57	(1)
A Final Word	58	(1)
Discussion Questions	59	(1)
Notes	59	(2)
PART II BASIC THEORY	61	(100)
The Nature of the Receiver: Attitude Formation and Change	63	(20)
The Nature of Attitudes	63	(4)
Attitudes and Beliefs	67	(2)
Attitude Formation	69	(2)
The Persistence of Attitudes	71	(2)
Attitude Consistency and Attitude Change	73	(2)
Message Discrepancy and Attitude Change	75	(2)
Retention of Attitude Change	77	(2)
Rhetorical Thought	79	(2)
Discussion Questions	81	(1)
Notes	81	(2)
Ethos: A Dominant Factor in Rhetorical Communication	83	(20)
Ethos Defined	83	(2)
The Dimensions of Ethos	85	(2)
The Effect of Initial Ethos	87	(3)
Initial Ethos and Learning	90	(1)
Derived Ethos	91	(4)
Terminal Ethos	95	(1)
Long-Term Effect of Ethos	96	(2)
Power and Ethos	98	(1)
Discussion Questions	99	(1)
Notes	99	(4)
The Nature of Persuasive Argument	103	(25)
A Psychological Model of Argument	104	(4)
The Types of Claims	108	(1)
The Types of Warrants	109	(9)
Verification of Warrants	118	(1)
The Types of Data	119	(4)
Options Regarding Reservations	123	(3)
Discussion Questions	126	(1)
Notes	126	(2)
Nonverbal Communication	128	(14)
The Importance of Nonverbal Messages	129	(2)
Proxemics	131	(1)
Chronemics	132	(2)
Oculesics	134	(1)
Haptics	135	(1)
Kinesics	136	(2)
Objectice	138	(1)
Vocalics	139	(1)
Discussion Questions	140	(1)
Notes	141	(1)
Diversity and Culture	142	(19)
Cultural Sensitivity	143	(1)
Culture	144	(1)
On Becoming Enculturated	145	(1)
Culture as Communication Context	146	(1)
Xenophobia and Ethnocentrism	147	(7)
The Ethnocentrism Continuum	154	(2)
Improving Rhetorical Communication Across Cultures	156	(2)
Discussion Questions	158	(1)
Notes	159	(2)
PART III MESSAGE PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION	161	(128)
Message Preparation: Preliminary Considerations	163	(12)
Selection of a Topic	163	(1)
Selection of a Purpose	164	(2)
General Audience Analysis	166	(3)
Channels and Forms for Presentation of Messages	169	(3)
Selection of Source for Presentation	172	(1)
Perception of the Possible	173	(1)
Discussion Questions	174	(1)
Notes	174	(1)
Informative Messages	175	(13)
Persuasive Versus Informative Intent	175	(1)
Pseudo-Informative Messages	176	(1)
The Goodwill Informative Message	177	(1)
The Motivation to Inform	177	(1)
Understanding and Belief	178	(1)
Understanding: Determining the Informative Goal	179	(2)
Characteristics of Informative Messages	181	(1)
The Materials for Informative Messages	181	(3)
Visual Aids in Informative Communication	184	(3)
Discussion Questions	187	(1)
Notes	187	(1)
Message Preparation: Invention	188	(26)
Invention Defined	188	(1)
The Basic Plan	189	(1)
The Generation of Argument	190	(1)
Determination of Needed Arguments	190	(4)
Audience Analysis	194	(1)
Inoculation and Reservations	195	(1)
Topoi and the Generation of Argument	196	(1)
The Aristotelian Topoi of Good and Evil	196	(1)
Topoi of Policy Argument: Stock Issues	197	(2)
The Towne Public Policy Topoi	199	(1)
The Topoi of Fear and Pleasure	199	(1)
The Topoi of American Values	200	(3)
Using Topoi in Invention	203	(1)
Securing Data for Argument	204	(2)
Tests of Evidence	206	(2)
How to Obtain Evidence	208	(3)
Recording Evidence	211	(1)
Discussion Questions	211	(1)
Notes	212	(2)
Message Preparation: Disposition	214	(18)
Selecting	214	(1)
Apportioning	215	(1)
Arranging	215	(9)
Invention and Disposition: The Siamese Twins	224	(2)
Research on Arrangement	226	(2)
Outlining the Message	228	(2)
Discussion Questions	230	(1)
Notes	231	(1)
Message Preparation: Style	232	(19)
The Function of Style	232	(1)
Characteristics of Good Style	233	(2)
Differences in Oral and Written Style	235	(1)
Factors of Attention and Interest	236	(4)
Suggestion	240	(2)
Satire and Humor	242	(1)
Controlling Message Discrepancy Through Style	243	(2)
Distortion and Prior Knowledge of Source's Attitude	245	(1)
Style, Power, and Behavior Alteration Messages	246	(3)
Discussion Questions	249	(1)
Notes	249	(2)
Introducing and Concluding Messages in Rhetorical Communication	251	(18)
Introductions	251	(2)
The Problem of Forewarning	253	(9)
Conclusions	262	(6)
Discussion Questions	268	(1)
Notes	268	(1)
Message Presentation: Oral Delivery	269	(20)
The Effect of Delivery on Attitude Change	270	(1)
The Effect of Delivery on Comprehension of Content	271	(1)
The Effect of Delivery on Ethos	271	(2)
The Nature of Good Delivery	273	(3)
Nervousness and Delivery	276	(2)
Elements of Good Delivery	278	(7)
Using Notes	285	(1)
How to Achieve Good Delivery	286	(1)
Discussion Questions	287	(1)
Notes	288	(1)
PART IV RHETORICAL COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY	289	(16)
Ethics and Rhetorical Communication	291	(14)
The Ethics of Means or of Ends	291	(3)
An Ethic Based on Intent Toward the Audience	294	(1)
Ethics and Ethical Proof	295	(1)
Persuasion and Coercion	296	(1)
Amoral Versus Moral Approaches to the Ethics of Rhetorical Communication	297	(4)
Ethical Obligations in a Free Society	301	(1)
The Difficulty of Exercising Ethical Obligations in a Free Society	302	(1)
A Final Word on Ethics	303	(1)
Discussion Questions	304	(1)
Notes	304	(1)
APPENDIX A Sample Speeches	305	(20)
Declaration of War Address, Franklin Delano Roosevelt	305	(2)
Inaugural Address, John F. Kennedy	307	(2)
The Proposed Basketball Rule Changes, Anonymous	309	(2)
Remarks at a Ceremony Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of Pearl Harbor, George Bush	311	(3)
Remarks to the World Health Organization Forum on Women and Health Security, Hillary Rodham Clinton	314	(5)
Winning the Cultural War, Charlton Heston	319	(6)
Author Index	325	(4)
Subject Index	329