Literature : An Introduction to Reading and Writing

by Roberts, Edgar V.; Jacobs, Henry E.

• ISBN13: 9780130184016
• ISBN10: 0130184012
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Technology continues to play a major role with the success of Literature through the online study resource… the Companion Website&$153; www.prenhall.com/roberts. This site is a comprehensive resource that is organized according to the chapters within the text and features a variety of learning and teaching modules.

• Reference Modules contain Web Destinations and Net Search options that provide the opportunity to expand upon information presented in the text.
• Study Guide Modules present a variety of exercises and features designed to help students with self-study for every fiction and drama selection and over half of the poetry. These modules include:
• Essay questions
• Multiple choices
• Built-in e-mail routing options that give students the ability to forward essay responses and computer-graded quizzes to their instructors
• Communication Modules include tools such as Live Chat and Message Board to facilitate online collaboration and communication.
• A "Writing about Literature" section offers students prompts for setting up an outline.
• A "Living Timeline" for literature gives students perspectives on historical, political, and cultural information.

The Companion Website™ makes integrating the Internet into your course exciting and easy.

Table of Contents

Thematic Table of Contents	xxxvii
Preface to the Sixth Edition	xlvii
Introduction: Reading, Responding to, and Writing About Literature	1	(50)
What Is Literature, and Why Do We Study It?	1	(1)
Types of Literature: The Genres	2	(1)
Reading Literature and Responding to It Actively	3	(1)
The Necklace	4	(8)
Guy de Maupassant
Reading and Responding in a Journal	12	(3)
Writing Essays on Literary Topics	15	(2)
Discovering Ideas	17	(4)
Drafting Your Essay	21	(3)
Writing a First Draft	24	(3)
Developing an Outline	27	(1)
Demonstrative Student Essay, First Draft: How Setting in ``The Necklace'' Is Related to the Character of Mathilde	28	(1)
Developing and Strengthening Your Essay through Revision	29	(4)
Checking the Development and Organization of Your Ideas	33	(1)
Using Exact, Comprehensive, and Forceful Language	34	(3)
Demonstrative Student Essay, Improved Draft: Maupassant's Use of Setting in ``The Necklace'' to Show the Character of Mathilde	37	(2)
Summary	39	(1)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about the Writing Process	40	(1)
Responding to Literature: Likes and Dislikes	40	(2)
State Reasons for Your Favorable Responses	42	(1)
State Reasons for Your Unfavorable Responses	42	(3)
Writing about Responses: Likes and Dislikes	45	(1)
Demonstrative Student Essay, Final Draft: Some Reasons for Liking Maupassant's ``The Necklace,''	46	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Responses to Literature	48	(3)
Reading and Writing about Fiction
Fiction: An Overview	51	(58)
Modern Fiction	52	(1)
The Short Story	53	(1)
Elements of Fiction I: Verisimilitude and Donnee	53	(2)
Elements of Fiction II: Character, Plot, Structure, and Idea or Theme	55	(2)
Elements of Fiction III: The Writer's Tools	57	(6)
Stories for Study	63	(1)
Neighbors	63	(4)
Raymond Carver
An Old-Fashioned Story	67	(10)
Laurie Colwin
The Things they Carried	77	(12)
Tim O'Brien
Everyday Use	89	(6)
Alice Walker
Taking Care	95	(7)
Joy Williams
The Precis or Abridgment	102	(1)
Guidelines for Precis Writing	103	(2)
Writing a Precis	105	(1)
Demonstrative Student Essay: A Precis of Alice Walker's ``Everyday Use,''	106	(1)
Special Writing Topics for Writing and Argument about Fiction	107	(2)
Plot and Structure: The Development and Organization of Stories	109	(61)
Plot, the Motivation and Causation of Fiction	109	(2)
The Structure of Fiction	111	(1)
Formal Categories of Structure	112	(1)
Formal and Actual Structure	113	(2)
Stories for Study	114	(1)
The Blue Hotel	115	(18)
Stephen Crane
The Three Strangers	133	(15)
Thomas Hardy
What I Have Been Doing Lately	148	(2)
Jamaica Kingaid
A Worn Path	150	(6)
Eudora Welty
Blue Winds Dancing	156	(5)
Tom Whitecloud
Writing about the Plot of a Story	161	(1)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Conflicting Values in Hardy's ``The Three Strangers,''	162	(2)
Writing about Structure in a Story	164	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Conflict and Suspense in Hardy's ``The Three Strangers,''	166	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Plot and Structure	168	(2)
Characters: The People in Fiction	170	(70)
Character Traits	170	(2)
How Authors Disclose Character in Literature	172	(2)
Types of Characters: Round and Flat	174	(1)
Reality and Probability: Verisimilitude	175	(2)
Stories for Study	176	(1)
Paul's Case	177	(13)
Willa Cather
Barn Burning	190	(12)
William Faulkner
A Jury of Her Peers	202	(14)
Susan Glaspell
Shopping	216	(10)
Joyce Carol Oates
Two Kinds	226	(8)
Amy Tan
Writing about Characters	234	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: The Character of Minnie Wright in Glaspell's ``A Jury of Her Peers,''	236	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Character	238	(2)
Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Narrator or Speaker	240	(45)
An Exercise in Point of View: Reporting an Accident	241	(2)
Conditions That Affect Point of View	243	(1)
Determining a Work's Point of View	244	(3)
Mingling Points of View	247	(1)
Guidelines for Points of View	248	(2)
Stories for Study	249	(1)
I'm a Fool	250	(7)
Sherwood Anderson
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge	257	(7)
Ambrose Bierce
The Song of Songs	264	(4)
Ellen Gilchrist
The Lottery	268	(6)
Shirley Jackson
How to Become a Writer	274	(4)
Lorrie Moore
Writing about Point of View	278	(3)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Shirley Jackson's Dramatic Point of View in ``The Lottery,''	281	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Point of View	283	(2)
Setting: The Background of Place, Objects, and Culture in Stories	285	(55)
What Is Setting?	285	(2)
The Literary Uses of Setting	287	(3)
Stories for Study	290	(1)
The House on Mango Street	290	(2)
Sandra Cisneros
The Portable Phonograph	292	(5)
Walter Van Tilburg Clark
The Secret Sharer	297	(25)
Joseph Conrad
And Sarah Laughed	322	(9)
Joanne Greenberg
The Shawl	331	(4)
Cynthia Ozick
Writing about Setting	335	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: The Setting of Conrad's ``The Secret Sharer,''	337	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Setting	339	(1)
Style: The Words That Tell the Story	340	(40)
Diction: The Writer's Choice and Control of Words	340	(4)
Rhetoric: The Writer's Choices of Effective Arrangements and Forms	344	(3)
Style in General	347	(1)
Stories for Study	347	(1)
Soldier's Home	348	(5)
Ernest Hemingway
The Found Boat	353	(7)
Alice Munro
First Confession	360	(6)
Frank O'Connor
Luck	366	(3)
Mark Twain
A & P	369	(5)
John Updike
Writing about Style	374	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Mark Twain's Blending of Style and Purpose in Paragraphs 14 and 15 of ``Luck,''	376	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Style	378	(2)
Tone: The Expression of Attitude in Fiction	380	(45)
Tone and Attitudes	382	(1)
Tone and Humor	383	(1)
Tone and Irony	384	(3)
Stories for Study	386	(1)
Rape Fantasies	387	(6)
Margaret Atwood
The Story of an Hour	393	(2)
Kate Chopin
The Concert Stages of Europe	395	(13)
Jack Hodgins
The Loons	408	(7)
Margaret Laurence
The Hammon and the Beans
Americo Paredes	415	(4)
Writing about Tone	419	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Use of Irony in Chopin's ``The Story of an Hour,''	421	(3)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Tone	424	(1)
Symbolism and Allegory: Keys to Extended Meaning	425	(38)
Symbolism	425	(3)
Allegory	428	(1)
Fable, Parable, and Myth	429	(1)
Allusion in Symbolism and Allegory	430	(1)
Stories for Study	431	(1)
The Fox and the Grapes
Aesop	431	(1)
The Myth of Atalanta
Anonymous	432	(1)
Unfinished Masterpieces	433	(3)
Anita Scott Coleman
Young Goodman Brown	436	(9)
Nathaniel Hawthorne
The Parable of the Prodigal Son	445	(2)
St. Luke
The Chrysanthemums	447	(7)
John Steinbeck
The Thimble	454	(2)
Michel Tremblay
Writing about Symbolism or Allegory	456	(3)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Allegory and Symbolism in Hawthorne's ``Young Goodman Brown,''	459	(3)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Symbolism and Allegory	462	(1)
Idea or Theme: The Meaning and the Message in Fiction	463	(59)
Ideas and Assertions	463	(2)
Ideas and Values	465	(1)
The Place of Ideas in Literature	465	(2)
How to Find Ideas	467	(3)
Stories for Study	469	(1)
The Lesson	470	(5)
Toni Cade Bambara
The Sky Is Gray	475	(20)
Ernest J. Gaines
Araby	495	(4)
James Joyce
The Horse Dealer's Daughter	499	(12)
D. H. Lawrence
Home Soil	511	(5)
Irene Zabytko
Writing about a Major Idea in Fiction	516	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: D. H. Lawrence's ``The Horse Dealer's Daughter'' as an Expression of the Idea That Commitment Is Essential in Life	518	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Ideas	520	(2)
A Career in Fiction: A Collection of Stories by Edgar Allan Poe	522	(139)
Poe's Life and Career	522	(2)
Poe's Work as a Journalist and Writer of Fiction	524	(2)
Poe's Reputation	526	(1)
Bibliographic Sources	527	(1)
Special Topics for Writing Writing and Argument about Poe	528	(1)
Five Stories of Poe's Arranged in Chronological Order	528	(1)
The Fall of the House of Usher (1839)	529	(12)
The Masque of the Red Death (1842)	541	(4)
The Black Cat (1843)	545	(6)
The Purloined Letter (1844)	551	(12)
The Cask of Amontillado (1846)	563	(4)
Edited Selections from Criticism of Poe's Stories	567	(1)
Introduction to Great Short Works of Edgar Allan Poe	567	(4)
G. R. Thompson
Edgar Poe: Seer and Craftsman	571	(4)
Stuart Levine
``Poe's Art of Transformation: `The Cask of Amontillado in Its Cultural Context,''	575	(6)
David S. Reynolds
Introduction to Twentieth-Century Interpretations of ``The Fall of the House of Usher,''	581	(2)
Thomas Woodson
``The Question of Poe's Narrators,''	583	(2)
James W. Gargano
``The Poetics of Extinction,''	585	(1)
Gillian Brown
Edgar Allan Poe Revisited	586	(3)
Scott Peeples
Stories for Additional Study
Snow	589	(6)
Robert Olen Butler
All Gone	595	(7)
Stephen Dixon
The Curse	602	(4)
Andre Dubus
The Point of It	606	(11)
E. M. Forster
The Yellow Wallpaper	617	(11)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
The Old Chief Mshlanga	628	(7)
Doris Lessing
A Good Man Is Hard to Find	635	(11)
Flannery O'Connor
I Stand Here Ironing	646	(5)
Tillie Olsen
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall	651	(10)
Katherine Anne Porter
Reading and Writing about Poetry
Meeting Poetry: An Overview	661	(25)
The Nature of Poetry	661	(1)
Hope	661	(2)
Lisel Mueller
Schoolsville	663	(1)
Billy Collins
Here a Pretty Baby Lies	664	(2)
Robert Herrick
Poetry of the English Language	666	(1)
How to Read a Poem	666	(2)
Studying Poetry	668	(1)
Sir Patrick Spens
Anonymous	668	(3)
Poems for Study	671	(1)
Because I Could Not Stop for Death	671	(1)
Emily Dickinson
Catch	672	(1)
Robert Francis
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening	673	(1)
Robert Frost
The Man He Killed	673	(1)
Thomas Hardy
Eagle Poem	674	(1)
Joy Harjo
Loveliest of Trees	675	(1)
A. E. Housman
The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner	676	(1)
Randall Jarrell
Snow	676	(1)
Louis MacNeice
Ogichidag	677	(1)
Jim Northrup
Where Children Live	678	(1)
Naomi Shihab Nye
Sonnet 55: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments	679	(1)
William Shakespeare
Writing a Paraphrase of a Poem	679	(1)
Demonstrative Student Essay: A Paraphrase of Thomas Hardy's ``The Man He Killed,''	680	(1)
Writing an Explication of a Poem	681	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: An Explication of Hardy's ``The Man He Killed,''	683	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about the Nature of Poetry	685	(1)
Character and Setting: Who, What, Where, and When in Poetry	686	(33)
Characters in Poetry	686	(1)
Western Wind
Anonymous	687	(1)
Bonny George Campbell
Anonymous	688	(2)
Drink to Me, Only, with Thine Eyes	690	(1)
Ben Jonson
To the Reader	691	(1)
Ben Jonson
Setting and Character in Poetry	692	(1)
Poems for Study	693	(1)
Dover Beach	693	(2)
Matthew Arnold
London	695	(1)
William Blake
My Last Duchess	695	(2)
Robert Browning
The Poplar Field	697	(1)
William Cowper
Snowdrops	698	(1)
Louise Gluck
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard	698	(4)
Thomas Gray
The Ruined Maid	702	(1)
Thomas Hardy
Channel Firing	703	(1)
Thomas Hardy
Song	704	(1)
C. Day Lewis
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love	705	(1)
Christopher Marlowe
Wellfleet Sabbath	706	(1)
Marge Phercy
Poem	707	(1)
Al Purdy
The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd	707	(1)
Sir Walter Raleigh
A Christmas Carol	708	(1)
Christina Rossetti
A Letter Sent to Summer	709	(1)
Jane Shore
Childhood	710	(1)
Maura Stanton
A Blessing	711	(1)
James Wright
Writing about Character and Setting in Poetry	712	(3)
Demonstrative Student Essay: The Character of the Duke in Browning's ``My Last Duchess,''	715	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Character and Setting in Poetry	717	(2)
Words: The Building Blocks of Poetry	719	(27)
Choice of Diction: Specific and Concrete, General and Abstract	719	(1)
Levels of Diction	720	(1)
Special Types of Diction	721	(3)
Syntax	724	(1)
Denotation and Connotation	725	(1)
The Naked and the Nude	726	(2)
Robert Graves
Poems for Study	728	(1)
The Lamb	728	(1)
William Blake
Green Grow the Rashes, O	729	(1)
Robert Burns
Jabberwocky	730	(1)
Lewis Carroll
Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God	731	(1)
John Donne
The Fury of Aerial Bombardment	732	(1)
Richard Eberhart
Sonnet on the Death of Richard West	733	(1)
Thomas Gray
Night Sounds	734	(1)
Carolyn Kizer
Hello, Hello Henry	735	(1)
Maxine Kumin
Of Being	736	(1)
Denise Levertov
Naming of Parts	736	(1)
Henry Reed
Richard Cory	737	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Dolor	738	(1)
Theodore Roethke
I Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great	739	(1)
Stephen Spender
Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock	739	(1)
Wallace Stevens
Eating Poetry	740	(1)
Mark Strand
Writing about Diction and Syntax in Poetry	741	(1)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Extraordinary Definitions in Sir Stephen Spender's ``I Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great,''	742	(3)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about the Words of Poetry	745	(1)
Imagery: The Poem's Link to the Senses	746	(28)
Responses and the Writers Use of Detail	746	(1)
The Relationship of Imagery to Ideas and Attitudes	747	(1)
Classification of Imagery	748	(1)
Cargoes	748	(2)
John Masefield
Anthem for Doomed Youth	750	(1)
Wilfred Owen
The Fish	751	(3)
Elizabeth Bishop
Poems for Study	754	(1)
The Tyger	754	(1)
William Blake
Sonnets from the Portuguese, No. 14: If Thou Must Love Me	755	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Kubla Khan	756	(2)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
On Our Crucified Lord, Naked and Bloody	758	(1)
Richard Crashaw
I Know I'm Not Sufficiently Obscure	758	(1)
Ray Durem
Preludes	759	(2)
T. S. Eliot
The Pulley	761	(1)
George Herbert
Spring	761	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
A Time Past	762	(1)
Denise Levertov
The Voice You Hear When You Read Silently	763	(1)
Thomas Lux
Photos of a Salt Mine	764	(2)
P. K. Page
In a Station of the Metro	766	(1)
Ezra Pound
If You Love for the Sake of Beauty	766	(1)
Friedrich Ruckert
Sonnet 130: My Mistress' Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun	767	(1)
William Shakespeare
``It's Only Rock and Roll but I Like It'': The Fall of Saigon	768	(1)
David Wojahn
Writing about Imagery	768	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: The Images of Masefield's ``Cargoes,''	770	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Imagery in Poetry	772	(2)
Figures of Speech, or Metaphorical Language: A Source of Depth and Range in Poetry	774	(34)
Metaphors and Similes: The Major Figures of Speech	774	(2)
Characteristics of Metaphorical Language	776	(1)
On First Looking into Chapman's Homer	777	(1)
John Keats
Other Figures of Speech	778	(1)
Bright Star	779	(2)
John Keats
Let Us Take the Road	781	(2)
John Gay
Poems for Study	783	(1)
A Red, Red Rose	783	(1)
Robert Burns
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning	784	(2)
John Donne
Eyes That Last I Saw in Tears	786	(1)
T. S. Eliot
The Iceberg Seven-eighths Under	786	(1)
Abbie Huston Evans
Harlem	787	(1)
Langston Hughes
To Autumn	788	(1)
John Keats
Portrait of a Figure Near Water	789	(1)
Jane Kenyon
Sic Vita	790	(1)
Henry King
Conjoined	790	(1)
Judith Minty
Exit, Pursued by a Bear	791	(1)
Ogden Nash
A Work of Artifice	792	(1)
Marge Piercy
Metaphors	793	(1)
Sylvia Plath
Looking at Each Other	794	(1)
Muriel Rukeyser
Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?	795	(1)
William Shakespeare
Sonnet 30: When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought	795	(1)
William Shakespeare
On Monsieur's Departure	796	(1)
Elizabeth Tudor
Queen Elizabeth I
Earth Tremors Felt in Missouri	797	(1)
Mona Van Duyn
Inside Out	798	(1)
Diane Wakoski
Facing West from California's Shores	799	(1)
Walt Whitman
London, 1802	799	(1)
William Wordsworth
I Find No Peace	800	(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
Writing about Figures of Speech	801	(3)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Wordsworth's Use of Overstatement in ``London, 1802,''	804	(1)
Demonstrative Student Essay: A Study of Shakespeare's Metaphors in Sonnet 30: ``When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought,''	804	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Figures of Speech in Poetry	806	(2)
Tone: The Creation of Attitude in Poetry	808	(33)
Tone, Choice, and Response	808	(1)
The First-Rate Wife	809	(1)
Cornelius Whur
Tone and the Need for Control	810	(1)
Dulce et Decorum Est	810	(2)
Wilfred Owen
Tone and Common Grounds of Assent	812	(1)
Tone and Irony	813	(1)
The Workbox	814	(2)
Thomas Hardy
Tone and Satire	816	(1)
Epigram from the French	816	(1)
Alexander Pope
Epigram, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog which I gave to his Royal Highness	816	(2)
Alexander Pope
Poems for Study	817	(1)
The Author to Her Book	818	(1)
Anne Bradstreet
homage to my hips	819	(1)
Lucille Clifton
she being Brand/ -new	819	(2)
E. E. Cummings
I Am a Black Woman	821	(1)
Mari Evans
Theme for English B	822	(1)
Langston Hughes
John while swimming in the ocean	823	(1)
X. J. Kennedy
The Planned Child	824	(1)
Sharon Olds
Late Movies with Skyler	824	(2)
Michael Ondaatje
Dying	826	(1)
Robert Pinsky
From Epilogue to the Satires, Dialogue I	827	(2)
Alexander Pope
Auschwitz	829	(1)
Salvatore Quasimodo
Nothing Is Lost	830	(1)
Anne Ridler
My Papa's Waltz	831	(1)
Theodore Roethke
A Description of the Morning	832	(1)
Jonathan Swift
My Physics Teacher	833	(1)
David Wagoner
Dimensions	834	(1)
C. K. Williams
Writing about Tone in Poetry	835	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: The Shifting Attitudes of Sharon Olds's Speaker in ``The Planned Child,''	837	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Tone in Poetry	839	(2)
Prosody: Sound, Rhythm, and Rhyme in Poetry	841	(56)
Important Definitions for Studying Prosody	841	(2)
Segments: Individually Meaningful Sounds	843	(1)
Poetic Rhythm	844	(1)
The Major Metrical Feet	845	(4)
Substitution	849	(1)
Accentual, Strong-Stress, and ``Sprung'' Rhythms	849	(1)
The Caesura: The Pause Creating Variety and Natural Rhythms in Poetry	850	(1)
Segmental Poetic Devices	851	(2)
Rhyme: The Duplication and Similarity of Sounds	853	(1)
Rhyme and Meter	854	(3)
Rhyme Schemes	857	(1)
Poems for Study	858	(1)
We Real Cool	858	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
To Hear an Oriole Sing	859	(1)
Emily Dickinson
The Sun Rising	860	(1)
John Donne
Macavity: The Mystery Cat	861	(1)
T. S. Eliot
At a Summer Hotel	862	(1)
Isabella Gardner
Upon Julia's Voice	863	(1)
Robert Herrick
God's Grandeur	863	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Let America Be America Again	864	(2)
Langston Hughes
A Theory of Prosody	866	(1)
Philip Levine
The Sound of the Sea	867	(1)
William Wadsworth Longfellow
Very Like a Whale	868	(1)
Ogden Nash
Annabell Lee	869	(2)
Edgar Allan Poe
The Bells	871	(3)
Edgar Allan Poe
From An Essay on Man, Epistle I, lines 17-90	874	(1)
Alexander Pope
Miniver Cheevy	875	(2)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Sonnet 73: That Time of Year Thou May'st in Me Behold	877	(1)
William Shakespeare
Ode to the West Wind	877	(3)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
From Idylls of the King: The Passing of Arthur, lines 344-393	880	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
March for a One-Man Band	881	(1)
David Wagoner
Writing about Prosody	882	(4)
The Passing of Arthur (fragment)	886	(3)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Demonstrative Student Essay: A Study of Tennyson's Rhythm and Segments in ``The Passing of Arthur,'' Lines 349-360	889	(3)
Echo	892	(1)
Christina Rossetti
Demonstrative Student Essay: The Rhymes in Christina Rossetti's ``Echo,''	892	(3)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Rhythm and Rhyme in Poetry	895	(2)
Form: The Shape of the Poem	897	(40)
Closed-Form Poetry	897	(2)
The Eagle	899	(3)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Spun in High, Dark Clouds
Anonymous	902	(1)
Sonnet 116: Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds	903	(1)
William Shakespeare
Open-Form Poetry	904	(1)
Reconciliation	905	(1)
Walt Whitman
Visual and Concrete Poetry	906	(1)
Easter Wings	907	(2)
George Herbert
Poems for Study	908	(1)
One Art	909	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
Sonnet	910	(1)
Billy Collins
Buffalo Bill's Defunct	910	(1)
E. E. Cummings
To the Memory of Mr. Oldham	911	(1)
John Dryden
Desert Places	912	(1)
Robert Frost
A Supermarket in California	913	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
Nikki-Rosa	914	(1)
Nikki Giovanni
Museum	915	(1)
Robert Hass
Virtue	916	(1)
George Herbert
Mantle	917	(1)
William Heyen
Swan and Shadow	918	(1)
John Hollander
Ode to a Nightingale	919	(2)
John Keats
In Bondage	921	(1)
Claude McKay
When I Consider How My Light Is Spent	922	(1)
John Milton
Ballad of Birmingham	923	(1)
Dudley Randall
The Waking	924	(1)
Theodore Roethke
Ozymandias	925	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Women	926	(1)
May Swenson
Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night	927	(1)
Dylan Thomas
Reapers	927	(1)
Jean Toomer
The Shape of History	928	(1)
Charles H. Webb
Poetics Against the Angel of Death	929	(1)
Phyllis Webb
The Dance	930	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Writing about Form in Poetry	931	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Form and Meaning in Herbert's ``Virtue,''	933	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Poetic Form	935	(2)
Symbolism and Allusion: Windows to a Wide Expanse of Meaning	937	(32)
Symbolism and Meaning in Poetry	937	(2)
Snow	939	(3)
Virginia Scott
Allusions and Poetic Meaning	942	(1)
Studying for Symbols and Allusions	943	(2)
Poems for Study	944	(1)
in Just-	945	(1)
E. E. Cummings
The Canonization	946	(2)
John Donne
Collage of Echoes	948	(1)
Isabella Gardner
The Geese	948	(2)
Jorie Graham
In Time of ``The Breaking of Nations,''	950	(1)
Thomas Hardy
The Collar	950	(1)
George Herbert
Tears	951	(2)
Josephine Jacobsen
The Purse-Seine	953	(1)
Robinson Jeffers
La Belle Dame Sans Merci	954	(2)
John Keats
Old Men Pitching Horseshoes	956	(1)
X. J. Kennedy
Wild Geese	957	(1)
Mary Oliver
A Noiseless Patient Spider	958	(1)
Walt Whitman
Year's End	958	(2)
Richard Wilbur
Sailing to Byzantium	960	(1)
William Butler Yeats
The Second Coming	961	(1)
William Butler Yeats
Writing about Symbolism and Allusion in Poetry	962	(3)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Symbolism and Allusion in Yeats's ``The Second Coming,''	965	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Symbolism and Allusions in Poetry	967	(2)
Myth: Systems of Symbolic Allusion in Poetry	969	(33)
Mythology as an Explanation of How Things Are	969	(3)
Mythology and Literature	972	(2)
Leda and the Swan	974	(2)
William Butler Yeats
Eight Poems Related to the Myth of Odysseus	976	(1)
Poems for Study	976	(1)
Siren Song	977	(1)
Margaret Atwood
Circe	978	(1)
Olga Broumas
Penelope's Song	979	(1)
Louise Gluck
Odysseus	980	(1)
W. S. Merwin
Penelope	980	(1)
Dorothy Parker
The Suitor	981	(1)
Linda Pastan
Ulysses	982	(2)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Odyssey: 20 Years Later	984	(1)
Peter Ulisse
Seven Poems Related to the Myth of Icarus	984	(1)
Poems for Study	985	(1)
Flight 063	985	(1)
Brian Aldiss
Musee des Beaux Arts	986	(1)
W. H. Auden
Icarus	987	(1)
Edward Field
Waiting for Icarus	988	(1)
Muriel Rukeyser
To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph	989	(1)
Anne Sexton
Icarus	990	(1)
Stephen Spender
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus	990	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Three Poems Related to the Myth of the Phoenix	991	(1)
Poems for Study	911	(81)
Berceuse	992	(1)
Amy Clampitt
Hunting the Phoenix	992	(1)
Denise Levertov
The Phoenix Again	993	(1)
May Sarton
Two Poems Related to the Myth of Oedipus	994	(1)
Poems for Study	994	(1)
Myth	995	(1)
Muriel Rukeyser
On the Way to Delphi	995	(1)
John Updike
Writing about Myth in Poetry	996	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Myth and Meaning in Dorothy Parker's ``Penelope,''	998	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Myth in Poetry	1000	(2)
Meaning: Idea and Theme in Poetry	1002	(30)
Meaning, Power, and Poetic Thought	1003	(1)
Problems in Understanding the Meaning of Poems	1004	(1)
Meaning and Poetic Techniques	1005	(3)
True Love	1008	(2)
Judith Viorst
Poems for Study	1010	(1)
Beach Glass	1010	(2)
Amy Clampitt
next to of course god america i	1012	(1)
E. E. Cummings
A Song for St. Cecilia's Day	1012	(3)
John Dryden
Whip-poor-will	1015	(1)
Donald Hall
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time	1016	(1)
Robert Herrick
The Negro Speaks of Rivers	1016	(1)
Langston Hughes
To Celia	1017	(1)
Ben Jonson
On the Death of Friends in Childhood	1018	(1)
Donald Justice
Ode on a Grecian Urn	1018	(3)
John Keats
Next, Please	1021	(1)
Philip Larkin
Ars Poetica	1022	(1)
Archibald MacLeish
To His Coy Mistress	1023	(1)
Andrew Marvell
35/10	1024	(1)
Sharon Olds
Ethics	1025	(1)
Linda Pastan
Writing about Theme and Meaning in Poetry	1026	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Metaphor and Meaning in Larkin's ``Next, Please,''	1028	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Meaning in Poetry	1030	(2)
Three Poetic Careers: William Wordsworth, Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost	1032	(83)
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)	1032	(1)
Life and Work	1032	(3)
Wordsworth and Romanticism	1035	(1)
My Heart Leaps Up	1035	(3)
William Wordsworth
Bibliographic Sources	1038	(1)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about the Poetry of Wordsworth	1039	(9)
Poems
William Wordsworth
Blank Verse poems
From The Prelude, Book I, Lines 301-474	1048
Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey	1044	(4)
Stanzaic poems
Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud)	1048	(1)
Lines Written in Early Spring	1048	(1)
Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood	1049	(5)
Expostulation and Reply	1054	(1)
The Tables Turned	1055	(1)
Stepping Westward	1056	(1)
The Solitary Reaper	1056	(1)
Sonnets
Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802	1057	(1)
I Grieved for Buonaparte with a Vain	1058	(1)
It Is a Beauteous Evening	1058	(1)
On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic	1058	(1)
Scorn Not the Sonnet	1059	(1)
To Toussaint L'Ouverture	1059	(1)
Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)	1060	(1)
Life and Work	1060	(2)
Poetic Characteristics	1062	(1)
Poetic Subjects	1063	(2)
Bibliographic Sources	1065	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about the Poetry of Dickinson	1067	(1)
Poems
Emily Dickinson
After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes (Poem 341)	1068	(1)
The Bustle in a House (Poem 1078)	1068	(1)
``Faith'' Is a Fine Invention (Poem 185)	1069	(1)
The Heart Is the Capital of the Mind (Poem 1354)	1069	(1)
I Cannot Live with You (Poem 640)	1069	(1)
I Died for Beauty---but Was Scarce (Poem 449)	1070	(1)
I Felt a Funeral in My Brain (Poem 280)	1071	(1)
I Heard a Fly Buzz---When I Died (Poem 465)	1071	(1)
I Like to See It Lap the Miles (Poem 585)	1072	(1)
I'm Nobody! Who Are You? (Poem 288)	1072	(1)
I Never Felt at Home---Below---(Poem 413)	1073	(1)
I Never Lost as Much But Twice (Poem 49)	1073	(1)
I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed (Poem 214)	1073	(1)
Much Madness Is Divinest Sense (Poem 435)	1074	(1)
My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close (Poem 1732)	1074	(1)
My Triumph Lasted Till the Drums (Poem 1227)	1074	(1)
One Need Not Be a Chamber---To Be Haunted (Poem 670)	1075	(1)
Safe in Their Alabaster Chambers (Poem 216)	1075	(1)
Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church (Poem 324)	1076	(1)
The Soul Selects Her Own Society (Poem 303)	1076	(1)
Success is Counted Sweetest (Poem 67)	1077	(1)
Tell All the Truth, but Tell it Slant (Poem 1129)	1077	(1)
There's a Certain Slant of Light (Poem 258)	1077	(1)
This World Is Not Conclusion (Poem 501)	1078	(1)
Wild Nights---Wild Nights! (Poem 249)	1078	(1)
Edited Selections from Criticism of Dickinson's Poems, with an Emphasis on Poems Included in this Chapter	1079	(1)
Emily Dickinson: The Mind of the Poet	1079	(2)
Albert J. Gelpi
Dickinson: The Modern Idiom	1081	(6)
David Porter
``The Undiscovered Continent'': Emily Dickinson and the Space of the Mind	1087	(3)
Suzanne Juhasz
Emily Dickinson: A Poet's Grammar	1090	(3)
Cristanne Miller
Emily Dickinson: Personae and Performance	1093	(2)
Elizabeth Phillips
Emily Dickinson	1095	(5)
Joan Kirkby
Robert Frost (1874-1963)	1100	(1)
Life and Work	1100	(3)
Poetic Characteristics	1103	(1)
Poetic Subjects	1104	(1)
Bibliographic Sources	1104	(1)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about the Poetry of Frost	1105	(6)
Poems
Robert Frost
Alphabetical List of Poems
Acquainted with the Night (1928)	1111
Birches (1915)	1107	(7)
Choose Something like a Star (1943)	1114
A Considerable Speck (1942)	1113
Design (1936)	1112
Fire and Ice (1920)	1110
A Line-Storm Song (1913)	1106	(1)
Mending Wall (1914)	1106	(5)
Misgiving (1923)	1111	(1)
Nothing Gold Can Stay (1923)	1111
`Out, Out---'(1916)	1109	(1)
The Oven Bird (1916)	1110
The Road Not Taken (1915)	1109	(3)
The Silken Tent (1936)	1112	(1)
The Strong Are Saying Nothing (1937)	1113
Chronological Arrangement of Poems
A Line-Storm Song (1913)	1106	(1)
Mending Wall (1914)	1106	(1)
Birches (1915)	1107	(2)
The Road Not Taken (1915)	1109	(1)
`Out, Out---'(1916)	1109	(1)
The Oven Bird (1916)	1110	(1)
Fire and Ice (1920)	1110	(1)
Misgiving (1923)	1111	(1)
Nothing Gold Can Stay (1923)	1111	(1)
Acquainted with the Night (1928)	1111	(1)
Design (1936)	1112	(1)
The Silken Tent (1936)	1112	(1)
The Strong Are Saying Nothing (1937)	1113	(1)
A Considerable Speck (1942)	1113	(1)
Choose Something like a Star (1943)	1114	(1)
Poems for Additional Study	1115	(108)
80-Proof	1118	(1)
A. R. Ammons
My Arkansas	1119	(1)
Maya Angelou
Barbara Allan
Anonymous	1119	(1)
Healing Prayer from the Beautyway Chant	1120	(1)
Navajo
Lord Randal
Anonymous	1121	(1)
The Three Ravens
Anonymous	1122	(1)
Waly, Waly
Anonymous	1123	(1)
Variation on the Word Sleep	1124	(1)
Margaret Atwood
The Unknown Citizen	1125	(1)
W. H. Auden
Ka 'Ba	1125	(1)
Imamu Amiri Baraka
LeRoi Jones
Through the Weeks of Deep Snow	1126	(1)
Wendell Berry
Can. Lit.	1126	(1)
Earle Birney
Women	1127	(1)
Louise Bogan
A Black Man Talks of Reaping	1128	(1)
Arna Bontemps
To My Dear and Loving Husband	1128	(1)
Anne Bradstreet
Primer for Blacks	1128	(2)
Gwendolyn Brooks
Sonnets from the Portuguese: No. 43: How Do I Love Thee?	1130	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister	1130	(2)
Robert Browning
The Destruction of Sennacherib	1132	(1)
Lord Byron
Cherry Ripe	1133	(1)
Thomas Campion
this morning (for the girls of eastern high school)	1134	(1)
Lucille Clifton
the poet	1134	(1)
Lucille Clifton
`The killers that run...'	1134	(1)
Leonard Cohen
Days	1135	(1)
Billy Collins
From a Letter to America on a Visit to Sussex: Spring 1942	1136	(1)
Frances Cornford
Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War Is Kind	1137	(1)
Stephen Crane
Yet Do I Marvel	1137	(1)
Countee Cullen
if there are any heavens	1138	(1)
E. E. Cummings
Kudzu	1138	(2)
James Dickey
The Lifeguard	1140	(2)
James Dickey
The Performance	1142	(1)
James Dickey
The Good Morrow	1143	(1)
John Donne
Holy Sonnet 6: This Is My Play's Last Scene	1144	(1)
John Donne
Holy Sonnet 7: At the Round Earth's Imagined Corners	1144	(1)
John Donne
Holy Sonnet 10: Death Be Not Proud	1145	(1)
John Donne
A Hymn to God the Father	1145	(1)
John Donne
Song: Go, And Catch a Falling Star	1146	(1)
John Donne
Since There's No Help	1146	(1)
Michael Drayton
Sympathy	1147	(1)
Paul Laurence Dunbar
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock	1147	(4)
T. S. Eliot
The Negro	1151	(1)
James Emanuel
Like God	1151	(2)
Lynn Emanuel
Naming the Animals	1153	(1)
John Engels
Because One Is Always Forgotten	1153	(1)
Carolyn Forche
Hiroshima Crewman	1154	(1)
Dan Georgakas
The Beauty of the Trees	1154	(1)
Chief Dan George
Woman	1154	(1)
Nikki Giovanni
Sonnet Ending with a Film Subtitle	1155	(1)
Marilyn Hacker
Little Cosmic Dust Poem	1156	(1)
John Haines
Scenic View	1156	(1)
Donald Hall
Snapshot of Hue	1157	(1)
Daniel Halpern
Summer in the Middle Class	1157	(1)
Daniel Halpern
Leaves	1158	(1)
H. S. (Sam) Hamod
She's Free!	1159	(1)
Frances E. W. Harper
Called	1160	(1)
Michael S. Harper
Spring Rain	1161	(1)
Robert Hass
Those Winter Sundays	1161	(1)
Robert Hayden
The Otter	1162	(1)
Seamus Heaney
Love (III)	1162	(1)
George Herbert
The Hair: Jacob Korman's Story	1163	(1)
William Heyen
Advice to Young Ladies	1163	(2)
A. D. Hope
Pied Beauty	1165	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
The Windhover	1165	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Battle Hymn of the Republic	1166	(1)
Julia Ward Howe
Negro	1166	(1)
Langston Hughes
The Answer	1167	(1)
Robinson Jeffers
Haiku	1168	(1)
Etheridge Knight
Woodchucks	1168	(1)
Maxine Kumin
Rhine Boat Trip	1169	(1)
Irving Layton
A Final Thing	1170	(1)
Li-Young Lee
In Computers	1171	(1)
Alan P. Lightman
The Choosing	1172	(1)
Liz Lochhead
Every Traveler Has One Vermont Poem	1173	(1)
Audre Lorde
To Lucasta, Going to the Wars	1173	(1)
Richard Lovelace
Patterns	1174	(2)
Amy Lowell
Dark Pines under Water	1176	(1)
Gwendolyn McEwen
Lines	1177	(1)
Heather McHugh
The White City	1177	(1)
Claude McKay
Listen	1177	(1)
W. S. Merwin
What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why	1178	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
The Bear	1179	(1)
N. Scott Momaday
Life Cycle of Common Man	1179	(1)
Howard Nemerov
wahbegan	1180	(1)
Jim Northrup
Poem	1181	(1)
Frank O'Hara
Ghosts	1182	(1)
Mary Oliver
A Story of How a Wall Stands	1183	(1)
Simon Ortiz
Resume	1184	(1)
Dorothy Parker
Marks	1184	(1)
Linda Pastan
The Secretary Chant	1185	(1)
Marge Piercy
Will We Work Together?	1185	(1)
Marge Piercy
Last Words	1186	(1)
Sylvia Plath
Mirror	1187	(1)
Sylvia Plath
Archaeology	1187	(1)
Katha Pollitt
The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter	1188	(1)
Ezra Pound
Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter	1189	(1)
John Crowe Ransom
Assailant	1190	(1)
John Raven
Diving into the Wreck	1190	(2)
Adrienne Rich
The Waking	1192	(1)
Theodore Roethke
In a Farmhouse	1193	(1)
Luis Omar Salinas
right on: white america	1193	(1)
Sonia Sanchez
Chicago	1194	(1)
Carl Sandburg
Dreamers	1195	(1)
Siegfried Sassoon
The Paperweight	1195	(1)
Gjertrud Schnackenberg
I Have a Rendezvous with Death	1196	(1)
Alan Seeger
My Mother's Face	1196	(1)
Brenda Serotte
Fear No More the Heat o' the Sun	1197	(1)
William Shakespeare
Sonnet 29: When in Disgrace with Fortune and Men's Eyes	1198	(1)
William Shakespeare
Sonnet 146: Poor Soul, the Center of My Sinful Earth	1198	(1)
William Shakespeare
Auto Wreck	1199	(1)
Karl Shapiro
Where Mountain Lion Lay Down with Deer	1200	(1)
Leslie Marmon Silko
Bluejays	1200	(1)
Dave Smith
Not Waving But Drowning	1201	(1)
Stevie Smith
These Trees Stand...	1201	(1)
W. D. Snodgrass
Lost Sister	1202	(1)
Cathy Song
Oranges	1203	(2)
Gary Soto
Kearney Park	1205	(1)
Gary Soto
Traveling Through the Dark	1205	(1)
William Stafford
Burying an Animal on the Way to New York	1206	(1)
Gerald Stern
The Emperor of Ice-Cream	1206	(1)
Wallace Stevens
Questions	1207	(1)
May Swenson
A Riddle (The Vowels)	1207	(1)
Jonathan Swift
The Blue Booby	1208	(1)
James Tate
A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London	1209	(1)
Dylan Thomas
Blurry Cow	1209	(1)
Chase Twichell
Perfection Wasted	1210	(1)
John Updike
Day-Long Day	1210	(1)
Tino Villanueva
The Boxes	1211	(1)
Shelly Wagner
Revolutionary Petunias	1212	(1)
Alice Walker
Go, Lovely Rose	1213	(1)
Edmund Waller
Heart of Autumn	1214	(1)
Robert Penn Warren
Song of Napalm	1215	(1)
Bruce Weigl
On Being Brought from Africa to America	1216	(1)
Phillis Wheatley
Full of Life Now	1216	(1)
Walt Whitman
Beat! Beat! Drums!	1216	(1)
Walt Whitman
Dirge for Two Veterans	1217	(1)
Walt Whitman
April 5, 1974	1218	(1)
Richard Wilbur
The Red Wheelbarrow	1218	(1)
William Carlos Williams
The Wild Swans at Coole	1219	(1)
William Butler Yeats
The Day Zimmer Last Religion	1220	(3)
Paul Zimmer
Reading and Writing About Drama
The Dramatic Vision: An Overview	1223	(63)
Drama is Literature and Drama as Performance	1223	(11)
Drama from Ancient Times to Our Own: Tragedy, Comedy, and Additional Forms	1234	(3)
Anonymous The Visit to the Sepulchre (The Queen Quaeritis Trope)	1237	(4)
Reading Plays	1241	(2)
Plays for Study	1242	(1)
Trifles	1243	(12)
Susan Glaspell
The More the Merrier	1255	(10)
Stanley Kauffmann
Tea Party	1265	(5)
Betty Keller
Before Breakfast	1270	(7)
Eugene O'Neill
Writing about the Elements of Drama	1277	(4)
Demonstrative Student Essay: The Symbolism of the Quilting Knot in Susan Glaspell's ``Trifles,''	1281	(3)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about the Elements of Drama	1284	(2)
The Tragic Vision: Affirmation Through Loss	1286	(249)
The Origins of Tragedy	1287	(2)
The Ancient Competitions in Tragedy	1289	(3)
Aristotle and the Nature of Tragedy	1292	(5)
Irony in Tragedy	1297	(1)
The Ancient Athenian Audience and Theater	1298	(3)
Ancient Greek Tragic Actors and Their Costumes	1301	(1)
Performance and the Formal Organization of Greek Tragedy	1302	(2)
Plays for Study	1303	(1)
Oedipus the King	1304	(40)
Sophocles
Renaissance Drama and Shakespeare's Theater	1344	(5)
Hamlet	1349	(104)
William Shakespeare
Tragedy from Shakespeare to Arthur Miller	1453	(1)
Death of a Salesman	1454	(69)
Arthur Miller
Writing about Tragedy	1523	(1)
An Essay about a Problem	1524	(3)
Demonstrative Student Essay: The Problem of Hamlet's Apparent Delay	1527	(3)
An Essay on a Close Reading of a Passage	1530	(1)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Appearance and Reality: A Close Reading of Hamlet, Act I, scene 2, lines 76-86	1531	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Tragedy	1533	(2)
The Comic Vision: Restoring the Balance	1535	(122)
The Origins of Comedy	1535	(3)
Comedy from Roman Times to the Renaissance	1538	(1)
Comic Patterns, Characters, and Language	1538	(2)
Types of Comedy	1540	(3)
Plays for Study	1543	(1)
A Midsummer Night's Dream	1543	(57)
William Shakespeare
The Theater of Moliere	1600	(3)
Love Is the Doctor (L'Amour Medecin)	1603	(20)
Moliere
Comedy from Moliere to the Present	1623	(1)
The Bear	1624	(10)
Anton Chekhov
Am I Blue	1634	(16)
Beth Henley
Writing about Comedy	1650	(3)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Setting as Symbol and Comic Structure in A Midsummer Night's Dream	1653	(2)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Comedy	1655	(2)
Visions of Dramatic Reality and Nonreality: Varying the Idea of Drama as Imitation	1657	(105)
Realism and Nonrealism in Drama	1657	(3)
Elements of Realistic and Nonrealistic Drama	1660	(3)
Plays for Study	1663	(1)
Mulatto	1663	(27)
Langston Hughes
The Happy Journey to Trenton and Camden	1690	(13)
Thornton Wilder
The Glass Menagerie	1703	(53)
Tennessee Williams
Writing about Realistic and Nonrealistic Drama	1756	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Realism and Nonrealism in Tom's Triple Role in The Glass Menagerie	1758	(3)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Dramatic Reality and Nonreality	1761	(1)
Dramatic Vision and the Motion Picture Camera: Drama on the Silver (and Television) Screen	1762	(24)
A Thumbnail History of Film	1763	(2)
Stage Plays and Film	1765	(1)
The Aesthetics of Film	1766	(1)
The Techniques of Film	1766	(4)
Film Scenes for Study	1770	(1)
Shot 71 from the Shooting Script of Citizen Kane	1770	(5)
Orson Welles
Herman J. Mankiewicz
A Scene from The Turning Point	1775	(5)
Arthur Laurents
Writing about Film	1780	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: Citizen Kane: Whittling a Giant Down to Size	1782	(3)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Film	1785	(1)
A Career in Drama: Two Major Plays of Henrik Ibsen	1786	(139)
Ibsen's Life and Early Work	1787	(1)
Ibsen's Major Prose Plays	1788	(1)
Two Major Realistic Plays	1789	(1)
Ibsen and the ``Well-Made Play,''	1790	(1)
Ibsen's Timeliness and Dramatic Power	1791	(1)
Bibliography Studies	1792	(1)
A Dollhouse (Et Dukkehjem)	1793	(51)
An Enemy of the People (En Folkefiende)	1844	(57)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Ibsen	1901	(1)
Edited Selections from Criticism of Ibsen's Drama	1902	(1)
``Ibsen and the Realistic Problem Drama,''	1902	(5)
Bjorn Hemmer
Henrik Ibsen: The Farewell to Poetry 1864-1882	1907	(4)
Michael Meyer
``The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen,''	1911	(4)
Joan Templeton
``A Marxist Approach to A Doll House,''	1915	(3)
Barry Witham
John Lutterbie
Catiline's Dream: An Essay on Ibsen's Plays	1918	(7)
James Hurt
Special Writing Topics about Literature
Writing and Documenting the Research Essay	1925	(29)
Selecting a Topic	1925	(2)
Setting up a Bibliography	1927	(1)
Online Library Services	1928	(2)
Taking Notes and Paraphrasing Material	1930	(9)
Documenting Your Work	1939	(4)
Strategies for Organizing Ideas in Your Research Essay	1943	(2)
Demonstrative Student Essay: The Ghost in Hamlet	1945	(9)
Critical Approaches Important in the Study of Literature	1954	(14)
Moral/Intellectual	1955	(1)
Topical/Historical	1956	(1)
New Critical/Formalist	1957	(2)
Structuralist	1959	(1)
Feminist	1960	(1)
Economic Determinist/Marxist	1961	(1)
Psychological/Psychoanalytic	1962	(1)
Archetypal/Symbolic/Mythic	1963	(2)
Deconstructionist	1965	(1)
Reader-Response	1966	(2)
Taking Examinations on Literature	1968	(11)
Focusing Directly on the Questions Asked	1968	(2)
Systematic Preparation	1970	(3)
Two Basic Types of Questions about Literature	1973	(6)
Comparison-Contrast and Extended Comparison-Contrast: Learning by Seeing Literary Works Together	1979	(14)
Guidelines for the Comparison-Contrast Method	1980	(3)
The Extended Comparison-Contrast Essay	1983	(1)
Writing a Comparison-Contrast Essay	1984	(1)
Demonstrative Student Essay (Two Works): The Treatment of Responses to War in Lowell's ``Patterns'' and Owen's ``Anthem for Doomed Youth,''	1985	(3)
Demonstrative Student Essay (Extended Comparison-Contrast): Literary Treatments of the Conflicts Between Private and Public Life	1988	(4)
Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Comparison and Contrast	1992	(1)
Appendix I: Mla Recommendations for Documenting Electronic Sources	1993	(4)
Appendix II: Brief Biographies of the Poets in Part III	1997	(31)
Glossary of Literary Terms	2028	(23)
Credits	2051	(10)
Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines	2061