Microbiology : A Laboratory Manual

by Cappuccino, James G.; Sherman, Natalie

• ISBN13: 9780805376487
• ISBN10: 0805376488
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-07-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This versatile laboratory manual can be used with any undergraduate microbiology text and course. Known for its brief laboratory activities, minimal equipment requirements, and competitive price, the manual includes a variety of experiments selected to assist in the teaching of basic principles and techniques. Each of the 77 experiments includes an overview, a purpose, an in-depth discussion of the principle involved, easy-to-follow procedures, and lab reports with review and critical thinking questions. Comprehensive introductory material and laboratory safety instructions are provided. For college instructors and students.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Laboratory Safety: General Rules and Regulations	xiii
Laboratory Protocol	xv
PART 1 Basic Laboratory Techniques for Isolation, Cultivation, and Cultural Characterization of Microorganisms	1	(26)
Introduction	1	(6)
Culture Transfer Techniques	7	(6)
Techniques for Isolation of Pure Cultures	13	(8)
Isolation of Discrete Colonies from a Mixed Culture	13	(2)
Isolation of Pure Cultures from a Spread-Plate or Streak-Plate Preparation	15	(6)
Cultural Characteristics of Microorganisms	21	(6)
PART 2 Microscopy	27	(18)
Introduction	27	(2)
Microscopic Examination of Stained Cell Preparations	29	(8)
Microscopic Examination of Living Bacterial Preparations	37	(4)
The Microscopic Measurement of Microorganisms	41	(4)
PART 3 Bacterial Staining	45	(38)
Introduction	45	(4)
Preparation of Bacterial Smears	49	(6)
Simple Staining	55	(4)
Negative Staining	59	(4)
Gram Stain	63	(6)
Acid-Fast Stain (Ziehl-Neelsen Method)	69	(6)
Differential Staining for Visualization of Bacterial Cell Structure	75	(8)
Spore Stain (Schaeffer-Fulton Method)	75	(1)
Capsule Stain	76	(7)
PART 4 Cultivation of Microorganisms: Nutritional and Physical Requirements, and Enumeration of Microbial Populations	83	(50)
Introduction	83	(4)
Nutritional Requirements: Media for the Routine Cultivation of Bacteria	87	(6)
Use of Differential and Selective Media	93	(6)
Physical Factors: Temperature	99	(4)
Physical Factors: pH of the Extracellular Environment	103	(4)
Physical Factors: Atmospheric Oxygen Requirements	107	(6)
Techniques for the Cultivation of Anaerobic Microorganisms	113	(6)
Serial Dilution-Agar Plate Procedure to Quantitate Viable Cells	119	(6)
The Bacterial Growth Curve	125	(8)
PART 5 Biochemical Activities of Microorganisms	133	(66)
Introduction	133	(4)
Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Microorganisms	137	(6)
Carbohydrate Fermentation	143	(6)
Triple Sugar-Iron Agar Test	149	(4)
IMViC Test	153	(10)
Indole Production Test	153	(1)
Methyl Red Test	154	(1)
Voges-Proskauer Test	155	(1)
Citrate Utilization Test	156	(7)
Hydrogen Sulfide Test	163	(4)
Urease Test	167	(4)
Litmus Milk Reactions	171	(6)
Nitrate Reduction Test	177	(4)
Catalase Test	181	(4)
Oxidase Test	185	(4)
Utilization of Amino Acids	189	(6)
Decarboxylase Test	189	(1)
Phenylalanine Deaminase Test	190	(5)
Genus Identification of Unknown Bacterial Cultures	195	(4)
PART 6 The Protozoa	199	(12)
Introduction	199	(2)
Free-Living Protozoa	201	(4)
Parasitic Protozoa	205	(6)
PART 7 The Fungi	211	(16)
Introduction	211	(2)
Cultivation and Morphology of Molds	213	(4)
Yeast Morphology	217	(4)
Identification of Unknown Fungi	221	(6)
PART 8 The Viruses	227	(16)
Introduction	227	(4)
Cultivation and Enumeration of Bacteriophages	231	(6)
Isolation of Coliphages from Raw Sewage	237	(6)
PART 9 Physical and Chemical Agents for the Control of Microbial Growth	243	(42)
Introduction	243	(4)
Physical Agents of Control: Moist Heat	247	(8)
Physical Agents of Control: Environmental Osmotic Pressure	255	(4)
Physical Agents of Control: Electromagnetic Radiations	259	(4)
Chemical Agents of Control: Chemotherapeutic Agents	263	(10)
The Kirby-Bauer Antibiotic Susceptibility Test Procedure	264	(2)
Synergistic Effect of Drug Combinations	266	(7)
Determination of Penicillin Activity in the Presence and Absence of Penicillinase	273	(4)
Chemical Agents of Control: Disinfectants and Antiseptics	277	(8)
Phenol Coefficient	280	(1)
Agar Plate-Sensitivity Method	281	(4)
PART 10 Microbiology of Food	285	(18)
Introduction	285	(2)
Methylene Blue Reductase Test	287	(4)
Microbiological Analysis of Food Products: Bacterial Count	291	(4)
Wine Production	295	(4)
Sauerkraut Production	299	(4)
PART 11 Microbiology of Water	303	(16)
Introduction	303	(2)
Standard Qualitative Analysis of Water	305	(8)
Presumptive Test: Determination of the Most Probable Number of Coliform Bacteria	305	(3)
Confirmed Test	308	(1)
Completed Test	308	(5)
Quantitative Analysis of Water: Membrane Filter Method	313	(6)
PART 12 Microbiology of Soil	319	(32)
Introduction	319	(2)
Nitrogen Cycle	321	(12)
Ammonification	321	(2)
Nitrification	323	(1)
Denitrification	324	(1)
Nitrogen Fixation	324	(9)
Microbial Populations in Soil: Enumeration	333	(6)
Isolation of Antibiotic-Producing Microorganisms and Determination of Antimicrobial Spectrum of Isolates	339	(6)
Isolation of Antibiotic-Producing Microorganisms	340	(1)
Determination of Antimicrobial Spectrum of Isolates	341	(4)
Isolation of Pseudomonas Species by Means of the Enrichment Culture Technique	345	(6)
PART 13 Bacterial Genetics	351	(22)
Introduction	351	(2)
Enzyme Induction	353	(4)
Bacterial Conjugation	357	(6)
Isolation of a Streptomycin-Resistant Mutant	363	(4)
The Ames Test: A Bacterial Test System for Chemical Carcinogenicity	367	(6)
PART 14 Medical Microbiology	373	(62)
Introduction	373	(2)
Microbial Flora of the Mouth: Determination of Susceptibility to Dental Caries	375	(4)
Normal Microbial Flora of the Throat and Skin	379	(4)
Identification of Human Staphylococcal Pathogens	383	(8)
Identification of Human Streptococcal Pathogens	391	(6)
Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae	397	(4)
Identification of Enteric Microorganisms Using Computer-Assisted Multitest Microsystems	401	(10)
Enterotube Multitest System and Encise II	402	(1)
API (Analytical Profile Index) System	403	(8)
Isolation and Presumptive Identification of Campylobacter	411	(4)
Microbiological Analysis of Urine Specimens	415	(6)
Microbiological Analysis of Blood Specimens	421	(6)
Species Identification of Unknown Bacterial Cultures	427	(8)
PART 15 Immunology	435	(54)
Introduction	435	(2)
Precipitin Reaction: The Ring Test	437	(4)
Precipitin Reaction: Immunodiffusion	441	(6)
Agglutination Reaction: The Febrile Antibody Test	447	(4)
Immunofluorescence	451	(4)
Latex Agglutination Test	455	(4)
Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay	459	(4)
Agglutination Reaction: Mono-Test for Infectious Mononucleosis	463	(4)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Rapid Immunodiagnostic Procedures	467	(22)
Rapid Plasma Reagin Test for Syphilis	467	(1)
Genital Herpes: Isolation and Identification of Herpes Simplex Virus	468	(2)
Detection of Sexually Transmitted Chlamydial Diseases	470	(3)
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Scientific Notation	473	(2)
Appendix 2: Methods for the Preparation of Dilutions	475	(2)
Appendix 3: Microbiological Media	477	(6)
Appendix 4: Biochemical Test Reagents	483	(2)
Appendix 5: Staining Reagents	485	(2)
Appendix 6: Experimental Microorganisms	487	(2)
Index	489