Occupational Safety and Health for Technologists, Engineers, and Managers

by Goetsch, David L.

• ISBN13: 9780130310439
• ISBN10: 0130310433
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

For undergraduate level Safety Management/Safety and Health Management courses. With an eye on the future and a finger on the pulse of today's rapid changes due to global competition, this straightforward, state-of-the-art guide addresses the key issues, concerns, and factors relating specifically to modern workplace environments in the safety and health professions. Highly functional in content and approach, it draws immediate connections between principles and their practices in real-world settings, includes the latest OSHA standards, and approaches safety and health issues from the perspective of Total Quality Management (TQM) and global competitiveness.

Table of Contents

Safety and Health Movement, Then and Now	1	(18)
Developments Before the Industrial Revolution	2	(1)
Milestones in the Safety Movement	3	(2)
Tragedies That Have Changed the Safety Movement	5	(2)
Role of Organized Labor	7	(1)
Role of Specific Health Problems	8	(2)
Development of Accident Prevention Programs	10	(1)
Development of Safety Organizations	11	(2)
Safety and Health Movement Today	13	(1)
Integrated Approach to Safety and Health	14	(1)
New Materials, New Processes, and New Problems	14	(1)
Rapid Growth in the Profession	15	(3)
Accidents and Their Effects	18	(15)
Costs of Accidents	19	(1)
Accidental Deaths in the United States	19	(2)
Accidents vs. Other Causes of Death	21	(1)
Work Accident Costs and Rates	21	(1)
Time Lost Because of Work Injuries	22	(1)
Deaths in Work Accidents	22	(1)
Work Injuries by Type of Accident	23	(1)
Death Rates by Industry	23	(1)
Parts of the Body Injured on the Job	24	(1)
Chemical Burn Injuries	25	(1)
Heat Burn Injuries	26	(1)
Repetitive Strain/Soft Tissue Injuries	26	(2)
Estimating the Cost of Accidents	28	(5)
Theories of Accident Causation	33	(19)
Domino Theory of Accident Causation	33	(3)
Human Factors Theory of Accident Causation	36	(2)
Accident/Incident Theory of Accident Causation	38	(3)
Epidemiological Theory of Accident Causation	41	(2)
Systems Theory of Causation	43	(3)
Combination Theory of Accident Causation	46	(1)
Behavioral Theory of Accident Causation	47	(5)
The OSHAct, Standards, and Liability	52	(59)
Rationale for the OSHAct	53	(1)
OSHA's Mission and Purpose	53	(1)
OSHAct Coverage	54	(1)
OSHAct Standards	55	(5)
Record Keeping and Reporting	60	(7)
Keeping Employees Informed	67	(1)
Workplace Inspections	67	(1)
Citations and Penalties	68	(2)
Appeals Process	70	(2)
State-Level OSHA Programs	72	(2)
Services Available from OSHA	74	(3)
Employer Rights and Responsibilities	77	(2)
Employee Rights and Responsibilities	79	(1)
Keeping Up to Date on OSHA	80	(1)
Problems with OSHA	81	(1)
Other Federal Agencies and Organizations	82	(5)
OSHA's General Industry Standards	87	(10)
OSHA's Maritime Standards	97	(2)
OSHA's Construction Standards	99	(1)
Standards and Codes	100	(1)
Laws and Liability	101	(10)
Workers' Compensation	111	(35)
Overview of Workers' Compensation	111	(3)
Historical Perspective	114	(2)
Workers' Compensation Legislation	116	(1)
Modern Workers' Compensation	117	(2)
Workers' Compensation Insurance	119	(3)
Resolution of Workers' Compensation Disputes	122	(1)
Injuries and Workers' Compensation	122	(2)
Disabilities and Workers' Compensation	124	(5)
Monetary Benefits of Workers' Compensation	129	(1)
Medical Tratment and Rehabilitation	129	(3)
Medical Management of Workplace Injuries	132	(1)
Administration and Case Management	133	(1)
Cost Allocation	134	(1)
Problems with Workers' Compensation	134	(1)
Spotting Workers' Compensation Fraud/Abuse	135	(1)
Future of Workers' Compensation	136	(2)
Cost Reduction Strategies	138	(8)
Ergonomic Hazards: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)	146	(36)
Ergonomics Defined	147	(1)
Factors Associated with Physical Stress	147	(2)
OSHA's Ergonomics guidelines and Standard	149	(5)
Worksite Analysis Program for Ergonomics	154	(4)
Hazard Prevention and Control	158	(1)
Medical Management Program	159	(4)
Training and Education	163	(1)
Common Indicators of Problems	163	(2)
Identifying Specific Ergonomic Problems	165	(1)
Ergonomic Problem-Solving Strategies	166	(7)
Economics of Ergonomics	173	(1)
Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD)	174	(8)
Stress and Safety	182	(12)
Workplace Stress Defined	182	(1)
Sources of Workplace Stress	183	(2)
Human Reactions to Workplace Stress	185	(1)
Measurement of Workplace Stress	185	(1)
Shift Work, Stress, and Safety	186	(1)
Improving Safety by Reducing Workplace Stress	187	(2)
Stress in Safety Managers	189	(1)
Stress and Workers' Compensation	190	(4)
Mechanical Hazards and Machine Safeguarding	194	(18)
Common Mechanical Injuriess	194	(3)
Safeguarding Defined	197	(1)
Risk Assessment in Machine Operation	197	(1)
Requirements for All Safeguards	198	(1)
Point-of-Operation Guards	199	(1)
Point-of-Operation Devices	200	(3)
Feeding and Ejection Systems	203	(1)
Robot Safeguards	204	(1)
Lockout/Tagout Systems	204	(3)
General Precautions	207	(1)
Basic Program Content	208	(1)
Taking Corrective Action	208	(4)
Falling, Impact, Acceleration, Lifting, and Vision Hazards	212	(33)
Causes of Falls	212	(1)
Kinds of Falls	213	(1)
Walking and Slipping	213	(3)
Slip and Fall Prevention Programs	216	(2)
OSHA Fall Protection Standards	218	(2)
Ladder Safety	220	(2)
Impact and Accelaration Hazards	222	(7)
Lifting Hazards	229	(4)
Standing Hazards	233	(2)
Hand Protection	235	(2)
Personal Protective Equipment	237	(2)
Forklift Safety	239	(6)
Hazards of Temperature Extremes	245	(16)
Thermal Comfort	245	(1)
Heat, Stress, and Strain	246	(4)
Cold Stress	250	(4)
Burns and Their Effects	254	(2)
Chemical Burns	256	(5)
Pressure Hazards	261	(16)
Pressure Hazards Defined	261	(1)
Sources of Pressure Hazards	262	(1)
Boilers and Pressure Hazards	263	(1)
High-Temperature Water Hazards	264	(1)
Hazards of Unfired Pressure Vessels	265	(1)
Hazards of High-Pressure Systems	265	(1)
Cracking Hazards in Pressure Vessels	265	(2)
Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels	267	(1)
Pressure Dangers to Humans	268	(2)
Decompression Procedures	270	(1)
Measurement of Pressure Hazards	271	(1)
Reducing Pressure Hazards	272	(5)
Electrical Hazards	277	(19)
Electrical Hazards Defined	277	(3)
Sources of Electrical Hazards	280	(5)
Electrical Hazards to Humans	285	(1)
Detection of Electrical Hazards	286	(1)
Reducing Electrical Hazards	286	(3)
OSHA's Electrical Standards	289	(2)
Electrical Safety Program	291	(5)
Fire Hazards and Life Safety	296	(30)
Fire Hazards Defined	297	(3)
Sources of Fire Hazards	300	(4)
Fire Dangers to Humans	304	(1)
Detection of Fire Hazards	305	(1)
Reducing Fire Hazards	306	(5)
Development of Fire Safety Standards	311	(1)
OSHA Fire Standards	312	(1)
Life Safety	313	(4)
Flame-Resistant Clothing	317	(1)
Fire Safety Programs	317	(2)
Explosive Hazards	319	(7)
Industrial Hygiene: Toxic Substances and Confined Spaces	326	(50)
Overview of Industrial Hygiene	327	(1)
OSHAct and Industrial Hygiene	327	(5)
Hazards in the Workplace	332	(2)
Toxic Substances Defined	334	(1)
Entry Points for Toxic Agents	334	(3)
Effects of Toxic Substances	337	(1)
Relationship of Doses and Responses	337	(2)
Airborne Contaminants	339	(1)
Effects of Airborne Toxics	340	(1)
Effects of Carcinogens	341	(1)
Asbestos Hazards	342	(3)
Ventilation and the ``Sick-Building'' Syndrome	345	(2)
Threshold Limit Values	347	(1)
Confined Spaces Hazards	348	(1)
Exposure Thresholds	349	(1)
Hazard Recognition and Evaluation	350	(2)
Prevention and Control	352	(4)
NIOSH and Industrial Hygiene	356	(1)
NIOSH Guidelines for Respiratores	356	(3)
Standards and Regulations	359	(4)
General Safety Precautions	363	(1)
OSHA Confined Space Standard	364	(5)
OSHA Standards for Toxic and Hazardous Materials	369	(7)
Radiation Hazards	376	(21)
Ionizing Radiation: Terms and Concepts	377	(1)
Exposure of Employees to Radiation	378	(1)
Precautions and Personal Monitoring	379	(1)
Caution Signs and Lables	379	(1)
Evacuation Warning Signal	380	(1)
Instructing/Informing Personnel	381	(1)
Stronge and Disposal of Radioactive Material	381	(1)
Notification of Incidents	382	(1)
Reports and Records of Overexposure	383	(1)
Notice to Employees	383	(3)
Nonionizing Radiation	386	(3)
Electromagnetic Fields in the Workplace	389	(3)
OSHA Standards for Health and Environmental Controls	392	(5)
Noise and Vibration Hazards	397	(32)
Hearing Loss Prevention Terms	397	(2)
Characteristics of Sound	399	(2)
Hazard Levels and Risks	401	(1)
Standards and Regulations	402	(6)
Workers' Compensation and Noise Hazards	408	(1)
Identifying and Assessing Hazardsous Noise Conditions	409	(2)
Noise Control Strategies	411	(5)
Vibration Hazards	416	(3)
Other Effects of Noise Hazards	419	(1)
Corporate Policy	419	(2)
Evaluating Hearing Loss Prevention Programs	421	(8)
Preparing for Emergencies	429	(20)
Rationale for Emergency Preparation	429	(1)
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act	430	(2)
Organization and Coordination	432	(1)
OSHA Standards	433	(1)
First Aid in Emergencies	433	(3)
How to Plan for Emergencies	436	(3)
Customizing Plans to Meet Local Needs	439	(2)
Emergency Response	441	(1)
Computers and Emergency Response	442	(2)
Dealing with the Psychological Trauma of Emergencies	444	(5)
Safety Analysis and Prevention	449	(22)
Overview of Hazard Analysis	449	(1)
Preliminary Hazard Analysis	450	(3)
Detailed Hazard Analysis	453	(8)
Hazard Prevention/Deterrence	461	(2)
OSHA Process Safety Standard	463	(4)
Risk Assessment	467	(4)
Accident Investigation and Reporting	471	(16)
When to Investigate	472	(1)
What to Investigate	472	(1)
Who Should Investigate	473	(1)
Conducting the Investigation	474	(2)
Interviewing Witnesses	476	(3)
Reporting Accidents	479	(8)
Promoting Safety	487	(20)
Company Safety Policy	488	(1)
Safety Rules and Regulations	489	(1)
Employee Participation in Promoting Safety	490	(1)
Safety Training	490	(1)
Suggestion Programs	490	(2)
Visual Awareness	492	(2)
Safety Committees	494	(2)
Gaining a Personal Commitment	496	(1)
Employee/Management Participation	497	(1)
Incentives	498	(1)
Competition	498	(1)
Company-Sponsored Wellness Programs	499	(1)
Teamwork Approach to Promoting Safety	500	(7)
Safety and Health Training	507	(37)
Rationale for Safety and Health Training	507	(5)
Education and Training Requirements	512	(3)
Safety and Health Professionals as Trainers	515	(3)
Preparing Safety and Health Instruction	518	(3)
Presenting Safety and Health Instruction	521	(5)
Applying Safety and Health Instruction	526	(1)
Evaluating Safety and Health Instruction	527	(1)
Training Supervisors	528	(1)
Training New and Transferred Employees	529	(2)
Job Safety Analysis as a Training Technique	531	(3)
Training Opportunities Available	534	(3)
Illiteracy and Safety	537	(7)
Computers, Automation, and Robots	544	(22)
Impact of Automation on the Workplace	544	(1)
VDTs in Offices and Factories	545	(3)
Human/Robot Interaction	548	(1)
Safety and Health Problems Associated with Robots	549	(3)
Safety and Health in Office Automation	552	(2)
Industrial Medicine and Robots	554	(2)
Technological Alienation in the Automated Workplace	556	(1)
Minimizing the Problems of Automation	557	(2)
Challenge for the Future	559	(7)
Ethics and Safety	566	(17)
An Ethical Dilemma	566	(1)
Ethics Defined	567	(2)
Ethical Behavior in Organizations	569	(2)
Safety and Health Professional's Role in Ethics	571	(1)
Company's Role in Ethics	572	(3)
Handling Ethical Dilemmas	575	(1)
Questions to Ask When Making Decisions	576	(1)
Ethics and Whistle-Blowing	576	(7)
Bloodborne Pathogens in the Workplace	583	(26)
Facts About AIDS	583	(1)
Symptoms of AIDS	584	(1)
AIDS in the Workplace	585	(2)
Legal Concerns	587	(5)
AIDS Education	592	(1)
Counseling Infected Employees	593	(1)
Easing Employees' Fears About AIDS	594	(1)
Protecting Employes from AIDS	595	(2)
Heapatitics B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) in the Workplace	597	(3)
OSHA's Standard on Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens	600	(9)
Environmental Safety and ISO 14000 (Environmental Management)	609	(42)
Safety, Health, and the Environment	609	(1)
Legislation and Regulation	610	(3)
Types of Environments	613	(1)
Role of Safety and Health Professionals	614	(1)
Hazards of the Environment	615	(5)
Hazardous Waste Reduction	620	(7)
Environmental Management System (EMS)	627	(5)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)	632	(1)
ISO 14000	633	(1)
ISO 14000 Series of Standards	634	(2)
ISO 14001 Standard	636	(15)
Product Safety and Liability	651	(18)
Product Liability and the Law	652	(5)
Developing a Product Safety Program	657	(1)
Evaluating the Product Safety Program	658	(2)
Role of the Safety and Health Professional	660	(1)
Total Quality Management and Product Safety	661	(1)
Product Safety Program Record Keeping	662	(2)
User Feedback Collection and Analysis	664	(1)
Product Literature and Safety	664	(5)
Roles and Professional Certifications for Safety and Health Personnel	669	(30)
Modern Safety and Health Teams	669	(1)
Safety and Health Manager	670	(8)
Engineers and Safety	678	(9)
Health Physicist	687	(1)
Occupational Physician	687	(2)
Occupational Health Nurse/Nurse Practitioner	689	(1)
Risk Manager	690	(1)
Certification of Safety and Health Professionals	691	(8)
TSM: Safety Management in a TQM Setting	699	(16)
What is TQM?	699	(2)
How Does TQM Relate to Safety?	701	(1)
Safety Management in a TQM Setting	702	(1)
What is TSM?	703	(2)
Translating TSM into Action	705	(1)
Fundamental Elements of TSM	706	(4)
Rationale for TSM	710	(1)
Implementing TSM: The Model	711	(4)
Safety, Health, and Competition in the Global Marketplace	715	(11)
Competitiveness Defined	716	(1)
Productivity and Competitiveness	717	(2)
Quality and Competitiveness	719	(1)
How Safety and Health Can Improve Competitiveness	720	(6)
Violence in the Workplace	726	(29)
Occupational Safety and Workplace Violence: The Relationship	727	(1)
Workplace Violence: Definitions	727	(1)
Workplace Violence: Cases	728	(2)
Size of the Problem	730	(1)
Legal Considerations	731	(3)
Risk Reduction Strategies	734	(2)
Contributing Social/Cultural Factors	736	(2)
OSHA's Voluntary Guidelines	738	(8)
Conflict Resolution and Workplace Violence	746	(5)
Dos and Don'ts for Supervisors	751	(1)
Emergency Preparedness Plan	751	(4)
Glossary	755	(20)
Index	775