Examples and Boxed Features | p. xiii |
Preface | p. xiv |
The Idea of Politics | p. 1 |
Politics: Setting the Stage | p. 1 |
Politics | p. 2 |
Politics as the Making of Common Decisions | p. 3 |
Politics as the Exercise of Power | p. 4 |
Power and Choice | p. 10 |
Politics of the State | p. 13 |
Political Science | p. 14 |
The Pleasures of Politics | p. 17 |
Modern Ideologies and Political Philosophy | p. 20 |
American Ideologies | p. 22 |
Liberalism | p. 25 |
The Conservative Reaction | p. 27 |
The Socialist Alternative | p. 31 |
Communism and Socialism | p. 34 |
Fascism | p. 35 |
Ideologies in the Twenty-First Century | p. 36 |
Religion, Politics, and Political Philosophy | p. 38 |
Political Philosophy in Other Historical Eras | p. 40 |
The State and Public Policy | p. 47 |
The Modern State | p. 47 |
The Development of the Modern State | p. 49 |
The Origin of States: Power, or Choice? | p. 51 |
The State as a Device to Provide Public Goods | p. 53 |
"State," "Nation," and the "Nation-State" | p. 55 |
State-Building | p. 61 |
Government and the State | p. 62 |
Challenges to the State | p. 64 |
Some Possible Alternatives | p. 67 |
Example: State-Building in Nigeria | p. 68 |
Example: State-Building in the European Union | p. 70 |
Policies of the State | p. 75 |
The Role of Government in the Third World | p. 78 |
Constraints and Conditions for Policy | p. 80 |
Defense Policy | p. 82 |
Education | p. 83 |
Research and Development | p. 84 |
Health and Social Welfare | p. 88 |
The Place of Power in Policy Analysis | p. 90 |
Example: The Demographic Challenge | p. 90 |
Example: Economic Development Compared with "Human Development" | p. 91 |
Example: Uganda, An African AIDS Success Story | p. 93 |
Economic Policy of the State | p. 96 |
Economic Performance I: Growth | p. 97 |
Economic Performance II: Controlling Inflation and Unemployment | p. 105 |
Unemployment | p. 106 |
Managing Distribution to Address Inequality | p. 108 |
Independent Central Banks | p. 111 |
Corruption | p. 114 |
Other Measures Available to Government | p. 118 |
Globalization: Are States Losing Their Ability to Make Economic Policy? | p. 118 |
Political Economy | p. 120 |
Example: Economic Policy in Germany | p. 122 |
Example: Economic Policy in Indonesia | p. 126 |
What Lies Behind Policy: Questions of Justice and Effectiveness | p. 131 |
The Problem of Justice | p. 132 |
Other Aspects of Justice: Procedural Justice | p. 134 |
Effectiveness | p. 138 |
A Basic Question of Effectiveness: Authority versus the Market | p. 140 |
Power and Choice | p. 145 |
The Need to Act, Even under Uncertainty | p. 145 |
Example: Political Choice | p. 146 |
The Citizen and the Regime | p. 149 |
Democracy and Autocracy | p. 149 |
Democracy | p. 149 |
The Coming and Going of Democracy | p. 151 |
Possible Explanations | p. 152 |
What Did We Learn from the Third Wave? | p. 154 |
Why Are Prosperous Countries Likely to Be Democracies? | p. 157 |
Democracy and Freedom | p. 159 |
Democracy and Capitalism | p. 160 |
Autocracy | p. 161 |
Military Government | p. 163 |
Why Aren't There More Military Governments? | p. 166 |
One-Party States | p. 168 |
Monarchies and Theocracies | p. 169 |
Democracy versus Autocracy: Material Considerations | p. 170 |
"Power and Choice" Again | p. 172 |
Example: Democratization in Spain | p. 172 |
Example: Fragile Democracy in Peru | p. 174 |
Example: Theocracy in Iran | p. 177 |
How Individuals Relate to the State, and the State to the Individual | p. 181 |
Legitimacy and Authority | p. 183 |
Sources of Legitimacy | p. 184 |
The "Democratic Citizen" | p. 186 |
How Well Are These Requirements Met? | p. 188 |
Social Capital | p. 192 |
Political Culture | p. 193 |
An Application of Political Culture: Robert Kagan's Of Paradise and Power | p. 194 |
Religion and Political Culture | p. 195 |
Political Socialization | p. 198 |
Example: Building Authority and Legitimacy in West Germany after World War II | p. 201 |
Example: Declining Democratic Legitimacy in the United States | p. 203 |
The Apparatus of Governance | p. 209 |
Constitutions and the Design of Government | p. 209 |
Variations in Formality | p. 210 |
The Virtue of Vagueness | p. 211 |
Other Principles of Constitutional Design | p. 212 |
Constitution-Writing | p. 215 |
The Geographic Concentration of Power | p. 217 |
"Federal" and "Unitary" States | p. 218 |
The Distinction between "Unitary" and "Centralized" States | p. 220 |
How Much Centralization Is Good? | p. 221 |
Constitutions and Guarantees of Rights | p. 222 |
"Constitutionalism" and the Rule of Law | p. 223 |
Example: Constitutional Government in Great Britain | p. 224 |
Example: Constitutional Government in Russia | p. 227 |
Elections | p. 230 |
Elections as a Means of Building Support | p. 230 |
Elections as a Means of Selecting Leaders and Policies | p. 235 |
Electoral Systems | p. 235 |
Referendums | p. 240 |
Electoral Participation | p. 241 |
Effects of Choice and Information on Turnout | p. 244 |
The Paradox of Voting | p. 245 |
The Bases of Individuals' Electoral Choices | p. 246 |
Example: Proportional Representation Elections in Israel | p. 250 |
Example: Elections in Nigeria | p. 251 |
Parties: A Linking and Leading Mechanism in Politics | p. 255 |
The Political Party | p. 255 |
Origins of the Modern Party | p. 256 |
Political Parties and the Mobilization of the Masses | p. 258 |
Political Parties and the Recruitment and Socialization of Leaders | p. 259 |
Political Parties as a Source of Political Identity | p. 260 |
Political Parties as a Channel of Control | p. 263 |
Party Organization | p. 263 |
Party Finance | p. 265 |
Political Party Systems | p. 266 |
Power and Choice | p. 271 |
Example: The Communist Party of China | p. 272 |
Example: Canada's Political Parties | p. 273 |
Structured Conflict: Interest Groups and Politics | p. 278 |
Interest Groups and Representation | p. 280 |
Types of Interest Groups | p. 286 |
Tactics of Interest Groups | p. 288 |
Patterns of Organized Interest-Group Activity | p. 292 |
Pluralism | p. 293 |
Neocorporatism | p. 294 |
Pluralism and Neocorporatism: Power and Choice | p. 296 |
Example: Interest Groups in France | p. 297 |
Example: Interest Groups in Japan: Attenuated Neocorporatism | p. 298 |
Social Movements and Contentious Politics | p. 303 |
Why Now? | p. 305 |
Social Movements as a Public Goods Problem | p. 307 |
Advantages (and Disadvantages) of Informal Organization | p. 307 |
Example: The Rubber Tappers of Acre | p. 311 |
Example: The "Orange Revolution" in Ukraine | p. 315 |
National Decision-Making Institutions: Parliamentary Government | p. 318 |
Head of State | p. 320 |
The Cabinet | p. 321 |
Cabinet Control | p. 322 |
What Does a Parliament Do? | p. 322 |
Parliamentary Committees | p. 326 |
Advantages and Disadvantages of Parliamentary Government | p. 327 |
Let's Make Sure I Haven't Made This Sound Too Simple | p. 329 |
"Consensus" Parliamentarism | p. 329 |
Parliaments in Autocratic Systems | p. 331 |
Example: Parliamentary Government in India | p. 333 |
Example: Parliamentary Government in Germany | p. 336 |
National Decision-Making Institutions: Presidential Government | p. 341 |
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems Compared | p. 344 |
Responsibility for Policy | p. 345 |
Presidential Systems and Comprehensive Policy | p. 346 |
Recruitment of Executive Leaders | p. 346 |
Review and Control of the Executive | p. 347 |
Flexibility of the Political Process | p. 349 |
The Split Executive of Parliamentary Systems | p. 349 |
Why Aren't All Democracies Parliamentary Systems? | p. 351 |
Constitutional Review and the Fragmentation of Power | p. 353 |
A Note on Constitutions and Power | p. 356 |
Example: Presidential Hybrid in France | p. 357 |
Example: Presidential Government in Mexico | p. 359 |
Bureaucracy and the Public Sector | p. 363 |
Public Administration as a Political Problem | p. 364 |
Characteristics of Good Public Administration | p. 366 |
"Bureaucracy": A Reform of the Nineteenth Century | p. 367 |
Bureaucracy versus Flexibility | p. 368 |
The Problem of Protected Incompetence | p. 369 |
Adjustments to Bureaucracy | p. 370 |
Social Representativeness of Public Administration | p. 371 |
Example: The French Bureaucracy | p. 374 |
Example: Bureaucratic Cultures in Europe and Africa | p. 375 |
Law and the Courts | p. 379 |
Anglo-Saxon Case Law | p. 380 |
Continental European Code Law | p. 381 |
The Blending of Case Law and Code Law | p. 383 |
Religious Law: The Sharia | p. 384 |
Courts | p. 386 |
Example: The Law in China | p. 388 |
Example: The European Court of Justice | p. 391 |
International Politics | p. 395 |
Global Politics: Politics among States (and Others) | p. 395 |
The Evolution of the International System since World War II | p. 395 |
The World since the Cold War | p. 398 |
International Politics | p. 403 |
The Absence of Central Authority | p. 404 |
Fiduciary Political Roles and International Morality | p. 406 |
Impediments to International Communication | p. 407 |
Power and International Politics | p. 408 |
The Process of International Politics | p. 411 |
Power and Choice in International Politics | p. 417 |
Example: An International Failure: Rwanda | p. 418 |
Example: The United Nations | p. 421 |
A Personal Note | p. 423 |
Principles of Political Analysis | p. 427 |
Falsifiability | p. 427 |
What Makes a Statement Interesting? | p. 428 |
Causation and Explanation | p. 429 |
Historical Explanation | p. 431 |
A Few Common Pitfalls in Analysis | p. 432 |
Glossary | p. G-1 |
Index | p. I |
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