Principles of Pharmacology for Medical Assisting

by RICE

• ISBN13: 9780766803251
• ISBN10: 0766803252
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-10-08
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

This revised edition is a comprehensive introduction to pharmacology for medical assistants, covering basic mathematics, systems of measurement, the calculation of dosages, medication administration, and essential drug information as it relates to classification and/or effects on body systems. An emphasis on safety and delivery of professional care is found throughout the text. It covers AAMA standards and competencies for an accredited educational program for the medical assistant as outlined in the AAMA Role Delineation Study.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	xi	(2)
Preface	xiii
SECTION 1 Mathematics and Dosage Calculations	1	(82)
Unit 1 Numerals and Fractions	3	(14)
Objectives	3	(1)
Vocabulary	3	(1)
Arabic and Roman Numerals	4	(1)
Fractions	5	(2)
Relative Values of Fractions	7	(1)
Addition of Fractions	8	(1)
Subtraction of Fractions	9	(2)
The Process of Cancellation	11	(1)
Multiplication of Fractions	11	(2)
Division of Fractions	13	(1)
Review Problems	14	(2)
Self Assessment Test	16	(1)
Unit 2 Decimal Fractions	17	(18)
Objectives	17	(1)
Vocabulary	17	(1)
Understanding Decimal Fractions	18	(1)
Reading and Writing Decimal Fractions	18	(2)
Expressing a Common Fraction as a Decimal Fraction	20	(1)
Expressing a Decimal Fraction as a Common Fraction	21	(1)
Addition of Decimals	22	(1)
Subtraction of Decimals	22	(1)
Multiplication of Decimals	23	(1)
Division of Decimals	24	(7)
Percentage	31	(1)
Determining Quantity if a Percent Is Given	32	(1)
Review Problems	32	(2)
Self Assessment Test	34	(1)
Unit 3 Ratio and Proportion	35	(7)
Objectives	35	(1)
Vocabulary	35	(1)
Understanding Ratio	36	(1)
Understanding Proportion	37	(3)
Review Problems	40	(1)
Self Assessment Test	41	(1)
Unit 4 The Metric System	42	(11)
Objectives	42	(1)
Vocabulary	42	(1)
Introduction	43	(1)
Metric System Guidelines	43	(1)
The Language of the Metric System	43	(1)
Fundamental Units	44	(4)
Conversion	48	(2)
Calculating Dosage According to Kilogram of Body Weight	50	(1)
Review Problems	51	(1)
Self Assessment Test	52	(1)
Unit 5 Household Measures and Apothecaries' Measurements	53	(8)
Objectives	53	(1)
Vocabulary	53	(1)
Household Measures	54	(2)
Conversion	56	(1)
Apothecaries' Measurements	57	(1)
Conversion	58	(1)
Review Problems	59	(1)
Self Assessment Test	60	(1)
Unit 6 Temperature Equivalents	61	(6)
Objectives	61	(1)
Vocabulary	61	(1)
Introduction	62	(1)
Converting a Fahrenheit Reading to the Celsius Scale	62	(1)
Converting a Celsius Reading to the Fahrenheit Scale	63	(3)
Review Problems	66	(1)
Self Assessment Test	66	(1)
Unit 7 Calculating Adult Dosages: Oral and Parenteral Forms	67	(9)
Objectives	67	(1)
Vocabulary	67	(1)
Introduction	68	(1)
Routes of Administration	68	(1)
Weight and Volume	68	(1)
Calculating Adult Dosage	69	(2)
Medications Measured in Units	71	(1)
Insulin	71	(1)
How to Calculate Unit Dosages	72	(1)
Review Problems	73	(1)
Self Assessment Test	74	(2)
Unit 8 Calculating Children's Dosages	76	(7)
Objectives	76	(1)
Vocabulary	76	(1)
Introduction	77	(1)
Guidelines for Administering Pediatric Medications	77	(1)
Calculating Children's Dosages	78	(3)
Review Problems	81	(1)
Self Assessment Test	82	(1)
SECTION 2 Introduction to Pharmacology	83	(126)
Unit 9 Drug Sources, Schedules, and Dosages	85	(13)
Objectives	85	(1)
Vocabulary	85	(1)
Introduction	86	(1)
Drugs	86	(1)
Sources of Drugs	86	(2)
Drug Legislation	88	(3)
Drug References	91	(3)
Drug Dosage	94	(2)
Review Questions	96	(2)
Unit 10 Forms of Drugs and How They Act	98	(12)
Objectives	98	(1)
Vocabulary	98	(1)
Introduction	99	(4)
Routes of Administration	103	(1)
Classification of Drugs/Therapeutic Action	104	(1)
Principle Actions of Drugs	104	(3)
Factors That Affect Drug Action	107	(1)
Undesirable Actions of Drugs	107	(1)
Review Questions	107	(3)
Unit 11 The Medication Order	110	(11)
Objectives	110	(1)
Vocabulary	110	(1)
Introduction	111	(1)
The Medication Order	111	(3)
The Medication Label	114	(4)
Abbreviations	118	(1)
Review Questions	118	(3)
Unit 12 Medication Administration Essentials	121	(12)
Objectives	121	(1)
Vocabulary	121	(1)
Legal Implications	122	(1)
The "Six Rights" of Proper Drug Administration	122	(2)
Essential Medication Guidelines	124	(2)
Safe Storage of Medications	126	(3)
Documentation of Drug Administration	129	(1)
Ethical Considerations	130	(1)
Medication Error	130	(1)
Review Questions	131	(2)
Unit 13 Administration of Nonparenteral Medications	133	(19)
Objectives	133	(1)
Vocabulary	133	(1)
Introduction	134	(1)
Administration of Oral Medications	134	(3)
Administration of Ophthalmic Medications	137	(1)
Administration of Otic Medications	137	(1)
Administration of Nasal Medications	137	(3)
Administration of Rectal Medications	140	(4)
Special Delivery Medications	144	(1)
Inhalation Methods	145	(1)
Administration of Oxygen	146	(1)
Methods of Oxygen Delivery	147	(2)
Oxygen Safety Precautions	149	(1)
Review Questions	149	(3)
Unit 14 Parenteral Equipment and Supplies	152	(26)
Objectives	152	(1)
Vocabulary	152	(1)
Introduction	153	(1)
Parts of a Syringe	153	(1)
Classification of Syringes	153	(5)
Measuring Medication in a Syringe	158	(1)
Hypodermic Needles	159	(3)
Preparing Equipment and Supplies for an Injection	162	(9)
Mixing Two Medications in One Syringe-Needle Unit	171	(4)
Review Questions	175	(3)
Unit 15 Administration of Parenteral Medications	178	(20)
Objectives	178	(1)
Vocabulary	178	(1)
Introduction	179	(1)
Advantages of the Parenteral Route	179	(1)
Disadvantages of the Parenteral Route	179	(1)
Preparing the Patient for an Injection	180	(1)
Patient Assessment	180	(1)
Site Selection	181	(1)
Marking the Correct Site for Intramuscular Injection	182	(2)
Basic Guidelines for the Administration of Injections	184	(8)
"Z"-Track Method of Intramuscular Injection	192	(1)
Special Considerations for the Administration of Insulin	193	(1)
Review Questions	195	(3)
Unit 16 Allergy: An Overview	198	(11)
Objectives	198	(1)
Vocabulary	198	(1)
Introduction	199	(1)
Appearance of Symptoms	199	(1)
Allergic Rhinitis	200	(1)
Diagnosis	200	(2)
Treatment	202	(2)
Administration of Allergenic Extracts	204	(2)
Review Questions	206	(3)
SECTION 3 Drugs, Vitamins and Minerals, and Substance Abuse	209	(118)
Unit 17 Antibiotic Agents	211	(23)
Objectives	211	(1)
Vocabulary	211	(1)
Introduction	212	(1)
Spotlight: Deadly Infections	212	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	214	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	214	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	214	(1)
Treatment of Infectious Diseases	215	(1)
Adverse Reactions	216	(1)
Major Antibiotic Groupings	217	(9)
Other Important Antibiotics	226	(2)
Additional Antibiotics	228	(1)
Spot Check	229	(2)
Antiseptics and Disinfectants	231	(1)
Review Questions	231	(3)
Unit 18 Antifungal, Antiviral, and Immunizing Agents	234	(25)
Objectives	234	(1)
Vocabulary	234	(1)
Introduction	235	(1)
Antifungal Agents	236	(1)
Antiviral Agents	237	(4)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)	241	(2)
Spotlight: HIV in Babies and Children	243	(2)
Special Considerations: The Child	245	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	245	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	247	(3)
Immunization	250	(6)
Spot Check	256	(1)
Review Questions	256	(3)
Unit 19 Antineoplastic Agents	259	(18)
Objectives	259	(1)
Vocabulary	259	(1)
Introduction	260	(1)
Spotlight: Breast Cancer	260	(2)
Spotlight: Abnormal Conditions of the Prostate Gland	262	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	264	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	265	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	265	(1)
Chemotherapy with Antineoplastic Agents	266	(2)
Care of Chemotherapy Patients	268	(1)
Classifications of Antineoplastic Agents	269	(2)
Combination Chemotherapy	271	(1)
Other Forms of Treatment for Cancer	271	(2)
Spot Check	273	(1)
Review Questions	274	(3)
Unit 20 Vitamins and Minerals	277	(13)
Objectives	277	(1)
Vocabulary	277	(1)
Introduction	278	(1)
The Food Guide Pyramid	278	(1)
Spotlight: Proper Nutrition--A Plan to Improve Health	279	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	280
Special Considerations: The Child	279
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	281	(1)
Vitamins	282	(1)
Minerals	282	(5)
Spot Check	287	(1)
Review Questions	287	(3)
Unit 21 Psychotropic Agents	290	(21)
Objectives	290	(1)
Vocabulary	290	(1)
Introduction	291	(1)
Spotlight: Stress and Anxiety	291	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	293	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	294	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	294	(1)
Antianxiety Agents	294	(2)
Antidepressant Agents	296	(7)
Antimanic Agent(s)	303	(1)
Antipsychotic Agents	304	(3)
Spot Check	307	(1)
Review Questions	308	(3)
Unit 22 Substance Abuse	311	(16)
Objectives	311	(1)
Vocabulary	311	(1)
Introduction	312	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	312	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	313	(2)
Critical Thinking Questions Activities	315	(1)
Getting Started on Drugs	315	(1)
Groups of Drugs	315	(4)
Spotlight: Inhalant Abuse and the Return of LSD	319	(2)
Recognizing Substance Abuse	321	(1)
Substance Abuse in the Workplace	321	(1)
Services Available	321	(1)
Spot Check	322	(1)
Review Questions	323	(4)
SECTION 4 Effects of Medications on Body Systems	327	(164)
Unit 23 Medications Used for Musculoskeletal System Disorders	329	(16)
Objectives	329	(1)
Vocabulary	329	(1)
Introduction	330	(1)
Spotlight: Exercise--Benefits and Injuries	330	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	331	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	332	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	332	(1)
Anti-inflammatory Drugs	332	(3)
Other Antirheumatic Agents	335	(3)
Agents Used to Treat Gout	338	(1)
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	338	(2)
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents	340	(1)
Skeletal Muscle Stimulants	340	(2)
Spot Check	342	(1)
Review Questions	343	(2)
Unit 24 Medications Used for Gastrointestinal System Disorders	345	(21)
Objectives	345	(1)
Vocabulary	345	(1)
Introduction	346	(1)
Spotlight: Ulcers and Helicobacter pylori Bacteria	347	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	348	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	348	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	349	(1)
Antacids	349	(2)
Histamine H(2)-Receptor Antagonist	351	(2)
Other Ulcer Medications	353	(1)
Antispasmodics/Anticholinergics	353	(1)
Laxatives	354	(3)
Antidiarrheal Agents	357	(1)
Anthelmintics	358	(1)
Antiprotozoal Agents	359	(2)
Antiemetics	361	(1)
Emetics	361	(1)
Spot Check	361	(1)
Review Questions	362	(4)
Unit 25 Medications Used for Circulatory System Disorders	366	(26)
Objectives	366	(1)
Vocabulary	366	(1)
Introduction	367	(1)
Spotlight: Heart Disease	368	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	370	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	371	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	371	(1)
How Drugs Affect the Heart	372	(7)
Drugs That Affect the Blood	379	(6)
Agents Used in Treating Megaloblastic Anemias	385	(2)
Antilipemic Agents	387	(2)
Spot Check	389	(1)
Review Questions	389	(3)
Unit 26 Medications That Affect the Respiratory System	392	(20)
Objectives	392	(1)
Vocabulary	392	(1)
Introduction	393	(1)
Antihistamines	394	(1)
Decongestants	395	(1)
Antitussives	396	(2)
Expectorants and Mucolytics	398	(2)
Bronchodilators	400	(3)
Inhalational Corticosteroids	403	(1)
Spotlight: Tuberculosis	404	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	406	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	407	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	408	(1)
Spot Check	409	(1)
Review Questions	409	(3)
Unit 27 Diuretics and Medications Used for Urinary System Disorders	412	(19)
Objectives	412	(1)
Vocabulary	412	(1)
Introduction	413	(1)
Diuretics	413	(7)
Spotlight: Urinary Tract Infections (UTI): Cystitis	420	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	421	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	422	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	422	(1)
Spot Check	423	(1)
Urinary Tract Antibacterials	423	(2)
Urinary Tract Antiseptics	425	(2)
Treatment of Urologic Disorders	427	(1)
Selected Agents That Discolor Urine	428	(1)
Review Questions	428	(3)
Unit 28 Medications Used in Treatment of Endocrine Disorders	431	(17)
Objectives	431	(1)
Vocabulary	431	(1)
Introduction	432	(1)
The Pituitary	432	(1)
The Thyroid	433	(3)
The Parathyroids	436	(1)
The Adrenals	436	(1)
The Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)	436	(1)
Spotlight: Diabetes Mellitus	436	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	438	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	439	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions Activities	440	(1)
Insulin	440	(2)
Spot Check	442	(1)
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents	443	(2)
Review Questions	445	(3)
Unit 29 Medications That Affect the Nervous System	448	(24)
Objectives	448	(1)
Vocabulary	448	(1)
Introduction	449	(1)
Spotlight: Pain	450	(2)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	452	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	453	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	453	(1)
Analgesics	454	(2)
Analgesic-Antipyretics	456	(1)
Spot Check	457	(1)
Sedatives and Hypnotics	458	(2)
Antiparkinsonian Drugs	460	(2)
Anticonvulsants	462	(3)
Anesthetics	465	(1)
Ophthalmic Drugs	465	(2)
Drugs Used in Vertigo, Motion Sickness, and Vomiting	467	(1)
Review Questions	468	(4)
Unit 30 Medications That Affect the Reproductive System	472	(19)
Objectives	472	(1)
Vocabulary	472	(1)
Introduction	473	(1)
Female Hormones	473	(6)
Spotlight: Birth Control	479	(2)
Oral Contraceptives	481	(2)
Male Hormones	483	(2)
Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery	485	(1)
Special Considerations: The Older Adult	486	(1)
Special Considerations: The Child	486	(1)
Critical Thinking Questions/Activities	487	(1)
Spot Check	487	(1)
Review Questions	488	(3)
Answer Key	491	(34)
Drug Index	525	(10)
General Index	535