Reading Problems: Assessment and... | Buy

This book combines new and time-tested approaches to reading problems and adds practical instructional strategies, assessment tools, discussion of the research, and an informal reading inventory that students can use immediately.The book distills many different approaches to teaching students with reading problems and presents them in an approachable, balanced, and readable format. Early chapters present general information on the reading process, problem readers, assessment, and principles of instruction. Later chapters provide in-depth information on strategies for teaching various parts of the literacy process and concluding chapters detail successful intervention programs and teaching in diverse and inclusive settings.Reading Problems is extremely practical, presenting many informal assessment tools and strategies. Yet it also presents research on intervention programs and multicultural strategies, and extensive descriptions of tests. The needs of adolescents and adults are also emphasized.

List of Snapshots

viii

Preface

ix

Reading Ability and Disability

1

(21)

Introduction

2

(1)

Reading Problems: A National Dilemma

3

(3)

Factors Associated with Reading Problems

6

(3)

What Is Reading?

9

(4)

Components of the Reading Process

13

(6)

Overview of This Book

19

(1)

Summary

20

(2)

Obtaining Background Information

22

(33)

Introduction

23

(1)

Information about the Environment

23

(8)

Information about the Individual

31

(5)

Methods of Collecting Information

36

(3)

Summary

39

(16)

Assessing Reading Achievement: Overview and Informal Measures

55

(32)

Introduction

56

(1)

General Diagnostic Questions: An Overview

56

(3)

Overview of Formal Assessment Measures

59

(1)

Overview of Informal Assessment Measures

60

(1)

Informal Reading Inventory

61

(24)

Summary

85

(2)

Overview of Instruction

87

(30)

Introduction

88

(1)

Components of Effective Reading Instruction

88

(7)

Principles of Teaching Students with Reading Problems

95

(3)

Building Rapport

98

(2)

Delivering Instruction

100

(5)

Creating a Community of Readers and Writers

105

(4)

Using Computers to Help Students Read

109

(4)

Summary

113

(4)

Emergent Literacy

117

(18)

Introduction

117

(1)

Emergent Literacy Concepts

118

(6)

Strategies to Develop Early Literacy Concepts

124

(9)

Summary

133

(2)

Improving Word Recognition Accuracy

135

(26)

Introduction

136

(1)

Stages of Word Recognition Development

136

(1)

Assessing Phonics Strategies

137

(2)

Teaching Phonics Strategies

139

(15)

Assessing Structural Analysis Strategies

154

(1)

Teaching Structural Analysis Strategies

155

(1)

Assessing Context Strategies

156

(2)

Teaching Context Strategies

158

(1)

Summary

159

(2)

Improving Word Recognition Fluency

161

(28)

Introduction

162

(1)

Role of Fluency in the Reading Process

162

(1)

Assessing Word Recognition Fluency

162

(2)

Strategies for Developing Fluency in Context

164

(13)

Strategies for Developing Sight Words in Isolation

177

(7)

Combining Contextual Reading with a Focus on Words

184

(3)

Summary

187

(2)

Improving Comprehension of Narrative Text

189

(27)

Introduction

190

(1)

General Features of Effective Reading Comprehension

190

(3)

Comprehending Narrative Materials

193

(2)

Assessing Abilities with Narrative Text

195

(2)

Strategies for Improving Comprehension before Reading

197

(2)

Strategies for Improving Comprehension during Reading

199

(6)

Strategies for Improving Comprehension after Reading

205

(6)

Connecting the Literacy Experience

211

(3)

Summary

214

(2)

Improving Comprehension of Expository Text

216

(25)

Introduction

217

(1)

Nature of Expository Text

217

(1)

Assessing Abilities with Expository Text

218

(2)

Strategies for Helping Students Read Expository Text

220

(19)

Summary

239

(2)

Improving Language Abilities: Listening Comprehension and Meaning Vocabulary

241

(24)

Introduction

242

(1)

Importance of Language to Reading

242

(1)

Causes of Problems with Language

242

(2)

Assessing Language Abilities

244

(1)

Conditions that Foster Language Learning

245

(2)

Strategies for Fostering Language: Listening Comprehension

247

(4)

Strategies for Fostering Language: Meaning Vocabulary

251

(11)

Using Poetry to Develop Language

262

(2)

Summary

264

(1)

Reading and Writing

265

(27)

Introduction

266

(1)

Importance of Teaching Writing

266

(1)

Writing Instruction

267

(5)

Strategies for Integrating Reading and Writing

272

(8)

Writing with Poetry

280

(3)

Computers and Writing

283

(1)

Developing the Ability to Spell

284

(5)

Handwriting

289

(1)

Summary

290

(2)

Reading Intervention Programs

292

(13)

Introduction

293

(1)

First-Grade Intervention Programs

294

(4)

Intervention beyond First-Grade

298

(1)

Total Classroom Interventions

299

(1)

Comparing Intervention Programs

300

(2)

Application of Common Intervention Elements to Program Design

302

(2)

Summary

304

(1)

Literacy in a Diverse Society

305

(22)

Introduction

306

(1)

Teaching in a Multicultural Society

306

(4)

Limited English Proficiency

310

(9)

Role of Parents in Fostering Literacy

319

(2)

Adolescents with Reading Problems

321

(2)

Adults with Reading Problems

323

(2)

Summary

325

(2)

Correlates of Reading Disability

327

(27)

Introduction

328

(1)

Environmental Factors

328

(4)

Emotional Factors

332

(2)

Intelligence

334

(6)

Language Abilities

340

(5)

Physical Factors

345

(7)

Summary

352

(2)

Severe Reading Disabilities

354

(17)

Introduction

355

(1)

Characteristics of Students with Severe Reading Disabilities

355

(6)

Instructional Methods for Teaching Students with Severe Reading Disabilities

361

(8)

Summary

369

(2)

Assessing Reading Achievement: Formal Measures

371

(22)

Introduction

372

(1)

Overview of Formal Tests

373

(4)

Tests of General Reading Assessment

377

(4)

Diagnostic Reading Tests

381

(4)

Measuring Intelligence

385

(6)

Summary

391

(2)

Appendix A: Instructional Materials for Students with Reading Problems

393

(10)

Appendix B: Frequently Used Tests

403

(19)

Appendix C: Publishers

422

(3)

Appendix D: An Informal Reading Inventory

425

(53)

References

478

(25)

Name Index

503

(4)

Subject Index

507

(7)

Test Index

514

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