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9781588904577

Handbook of Neurosurgery

by ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9781588904577

  • ISBN10:

    1588904571

  • Edition: 6th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2005-10-01
  • Publisher: Thieme Medical Pub
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List Price: $79.95

Summary

Greenberg's classic text returns in a new edition packed with the fundamental science concepts and clinical applications that will guide you through the full range of situations arising in professional practice. Thoroughly cross referenced and indexed, and with thousands of literature citations, this guide makes it easy to locate exactly what you need to know. In addition to updated coverage of the key clinical issues in neurosurgery, this new edition incorporates practice parameters derived from evidence-based medicine, including the management of cervical trauma and current guidelines for lumbar fusion derived from those recently established by the Joint Section of Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves of the AANS and the CNS. Key features: - Detailed coverage of critical topics in neurosurgery, everything from general care considerations, to how to manage infection, pain, tumors, head trauma, and spine injuries - Concise organization with hundreds of clinical applications, complete with etiology, treatment, and information for patients - Easy-to-reference discussion of differential diagnoses according to sign and symptom, or based on location - New sections on postoperative headache, ankylosing spondylitis, spontaneous intracranial hypotension, sacral fractures, Modic classification of vertebral body degenerative changes, and more - Updates on such topics as post-herpetic neuralgia, vein of Galen malformations, and cavernous malformations With its portable, pocket-sized format, Handbook of Neurosurgery is the definitive text to keep at hand for both reference and review.

Author Biography

Mark S. Greenberg is Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.

Table of Contents

General care
1(43)
Neuroanesthesia
1(2)
Critical care
3(5)
Hypertension
3(3)
Hypotension (shock)
6(1)
Neurogenic pulmonary edema
7(1)
Endocrinology
8(3)
Steroids
8(3)
Fluids and Electrolytes
11(8)
Electrolyte abnormalities
12(7)
Hematology
19(8)
Blood component therapy
19(2)
Coagulation
21(6)
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
27(1)
Pharmacology
27(14)
Analgesics
27(7)
Antispasmodics/muscle relaxants
34(1)
Benzodiazepines
35(1)
Sedatives & paralytics
36(4)
Acid inhibitors
40(1)
References
41(3)
Neurology
44(24)
Dementia
44(1)
Headache
44(3)
Migraine
45(1)
Post LP (myelogram) H/A
46(1)
Parkinsonism
47(2)
Multiple sclerosis
49(3)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
52(1)
Guillain-Barre syndrome
53(2)
Myelitis
55(1)
Neurosarcoidosis
56(2)
Vasculitis and vasculopathy
58(6)
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)
58(3)
Polymyalgia rheumatica
61(1)
Other vasculitides
61(2)
Fibromuscular dysplasia
63(1)
Miscellaneous vasculopathies
64(1)
Vascular dysautoregulatory encephalopathy
64(1)
References
65(3)
Neuroanatomy and physiology
68(26)
Surface anatomy
68(4)
Cortical surface anatomy
68(1)
Surface anatomy of the cranium
69(2)
Surface landmarks of cervical levels
71(1)
Cranial foramina & their contents
72(1)
Spinal cord anatomy
73(3)
Spinal cord tracts
73(1)
Dermatomes and sensory nerves
74(1)
Spinal cord vasculature
75(1)
Cerebrovascular anatomy
76(7)
Cerebral vascular territories
76(1)
Cerebral arterial anatomy
77(5)
Cerebral venous anatomy
82(1)
Internal capsule
83(1)
Miscellaneous
84(1)
Neurophysiology
84(8)
Blood-brain barrier
84(1)
Regional brain syndromes
85(1)
Jugular foramen syndromes
86(1)
Parietal lobe syndromes
87(1)
Babinski sign
88(1)
Bladder neurophysiology
89(3)
References
92(2)
Developmental anomalies
94(32)
Arachnoid cysts
94(2)
Arachnoid cysts, intracranial
94(2)
Arachnoid cysts, intraspinal
96(1)
Intracranial lipomas
96(1)
Hypothalamic hamartomas
97(1)
Neurenteric cysts
98(1)
Craniofacial development
98(5)
Normal development
98(1)
Craniosynostosis
99(3)
Encephalocele
102(1)
Chiari malformation
103(7)
Dandy-Walker malformation
110(1)
Aqueductal stenosis
110(1)
Neural tube defects
111(8)
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
114(1)
Spinal dysraphism (spina bifida)
114(5)
Klippel-Feil syndrome
119(1)
Tethered cord syndrome
120(2)
Split cord malformation
122(1)
Miscellaneous developmental anomalies
122(1)
References
123(3)
Neuroradiology
126(19)
Contrast agents in neuroradiology
126(4)
Iodinated contrast allergy prep
128(1)
Reactions to intravascular contrast media
128(2)
CAT scan
130(1)
Angiography (cerebral)
130(4)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
134(4)
General information
134(2)
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-imaging (PWI)
136(1)
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
137(1)
Plain films
138(4)
Skull films
138(2)
Lumbosacral (LS) spine
140(1)
C-Spine
140(2)
Myelography
142(1)
Bone scan
143(1)
References
143(2)
Electrodiagnostics
145(4)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
145(4)
Evoked potentials
145(2)
Electromyography (EMG)
147(1)
References
148(1)
Neurotoxicology
149(5)
Ethanol
149(2)
Opioids
151(1)
Cocaine
152(1)
Amphetamines
153(1)
References
153(1)
Coma
154(10)
General
154(2)
Approach to the comatose patient
156(3)
Herniation syndromes
159(3)
Central herniation
160(1)
Uncal herniation
161(1)
Hypoxic coma
162(1)
References
163(1)
Brain death
164(7)
Brain death in adults
164(3)
Brain death in children
167(1)
Organ and tissue donation
168(2)
Criteria for qualification for organ donation
168(1)
Organ donation in patients with brain tumors
169(1)
Management after brain death for organ donation
169(1)
References
170(1)
Cerebrospinal fluid
171(9)
General information
171(1)
CSF constituents
171(3)
Artificial CSF
174(1)
CSF fistula
174(4)
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension
178(1)
References
179(1)
Hydrocephalus
180(28)
Treatment of hydrocephalus
185(8)
Shunts
187(6)
Shunt problems
193(6)
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
199(3)
Blindness from hydrocephalus
202(1)
Hydrocephalus and pregnancy
203(1)
References
204(4)
Infections
208(48)
General information
208(3)
Specific antibiotics
208(2)
Antibiotics for specific organisms
210(1)
Prophylactic antibiotics
211(1)
Meningitis
212(2)
Post-neurosurgical procedure meningitis
212(1)
Post craniospinal trauma meningitis (post-traumatic meningitis)
212(1)
Recurrent meningitis
213(1)
Antibiotics for specific organisms in meningitis
213(1)
Shunt infection
214(2)
Wound infections
216(1)
Laminectomy wound infection
216(1)
Osteomyelitis of the skull
217(1)
Cerebral abscess
217(6)
Some unusual organisms producing abscess
223(1)
Subdural empyema
223(2)
Viral encephalitis
225(2)
Herpes simplex encephalitis
225(2)
Multifocal varicella-zoster leukoencephalitis
227(1)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
227(3)
Neurologic manifestations of AIDS
230(4)
Lyme disease - neurologic manifestations
234(2)
Parasitic infections of the CNS
236(3)
Fungal infections of the CNS
239(1)
Spine infections
240(11)
Spinal epidural abscess
240(3)
Vertebral osteomyelitis
243(2)
Discitis
245(6)
References
251(5)
Seizures
256(33)
Seizure classification
256(2)
Factors that lower the seizure threshold
258(1)
Special types of seizures
258(6)
New onset seizures
258(2)
Posttraumatic seizures
260(1)
Alcohol withdrawal seizures
261(1)
Nonepileptic seizures
262(2)
Febrile seizures
264(1)
Status epilepticus
264(4)
General treatment measures for status epilepticus
265(1)
Medications for generalized convulsive status epilepticus
266(2)
Miscellaneous status epilepticus
268(1)
Antiepileptic drugs
268(13)
Classification of AEDs
268(1)
Choice of antiepileptic drug
269(1)
Anticonvulsant pharmacology65
270(11)
Seizure surgery
281(5)
References
286(3)
Spine and spinal cord
289(76)
Low back pain and radiculopathy
289(12)
Intervertebral disc herniation
301(22)
Lumbar disc herniation
302(16)
Cervical disc herniation
318(4)
Thoracic disc herniation
322(1)
Degenerative disc/spine disease
323(13)
Spinal stenosis
325(11)
Craniocervical junction and upper cervical spine abnormalities
336(1)
Rheumatoid arthritis
337(3)
Upper cervical spine involvement
337(3)
Paget's disease
340(3)
Paget's disease of the spine
341(2)
Ankylosing spondylitis
343(2)
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)
345(1)
Ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL)
346(1)
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
346(1)
Spinal AVM
347(1)
Spinal meningeal cysts
348(1)
Syringomyelia
349(4)
Non-traumatic syringomyelia
350(1)
Posttraumatic syringomyelia
351(1)
Syringobulbia
352(1)
Spinal epidural hematoma
353(1)
Spinal subdural hematoma
353(1)
Coccydynia
353(2)
References
355(10)
Functional neurosurgery
365(11)
Brain mapping
365(1)
Surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease
365(2)
Spasticity
367(3)
Torticollis
370(1)
Neurovascular compression syndromes
371(2)
Hemifacial spasm
371(2)
Hyperhidrosis52
373(1)
Tremor
373(1)
Sympathectomy
373(1)
References
374(2)
Pain
376(25)
Neuropathic pain syndromes
376(1)
Craniofacial pain syndromes
377(10)
Trigeminal neuralgia
378(8)
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
386(1)
Geniculate neuralgia
386(1)
Postherpetic neuralgia
387(3)
Pain procedures
390(6)
Cordotomy
391(1)
Commissural myelotomy
392(1)
Punctate midline myelotomy
393(1)
CNS narcotic administration
393(2)
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS)
395(1)
Deep brain stimulation
395(1)
Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions
395(1)
Thalamotomy
396(1)
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
396(2)
References
398(3)
Tumor
401(133)
General information
401(7)
Brain tumors - general clinical aspects
404(4)
Primary brain tumors
408(72)
Low grade gliomas
408(1)
Astrocytoma
409(14)
Oligodendroglioma
423(2)
Central neurocytoma
425(1)
Meningiomas
426(3)
Acoustic neuroma
429(9)
Pituitary adenomas
438(18)
Craniopharyngioma
456(1)
Rathke's cleft cyst
457(1)
Colloid cyst
457(2)
Hemangioblastoma
459(2)
CNS lymphoma
461(3)
Chordoma
464(2)
Ganglioglioma
466(1)
Paraganglioma
467(3)
Ependymoma
470(2)
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)
472(2)
Epidermoid and dermoid tumors
474(2)
Pineal region tumors
476(3)
Choroid plexus tumors
479(1)
Miscellaneous primary brain tumors
479(1)
Pediatric brain tumors
480(1)
Skull tumors
480(4)
Osteoma
481(1)
Hemangioma
481(1)
Epidermoid and dermoid tumors of the skull
481(1)
Eosinophilic granuloma
482(1)
Non-neoplastic skull lesions
483(1)
Cerebral metastases
484(7)
Carcinomatous meningitis
491(1)
Foramen magnum tumors
492(1)
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
493(6)
Empty sella syndrome
499(1)
Tumor markers
500(2)
Neurocutaneous disorders
502(4)
Neurofibromatosis
502(2)
Tuberous sclerosis
504(1)
Sturge-Weber syndrome
505(1)
Spine and spinal cord tumors
506(15)
Intramedullary spinal cord tumors
508(3)
Bone tumors of the spine
511(5)
Spinal epidural metastases
516(5)
References
521(13)
Radiation therapy
534(11)
Conventional external beam radiation
534(3)
Cranial radiation
535(1)
Spinal radiation
536(1)
Stereotactic radiosurgery
537(5)
Interstitial brachytherapy
542(1)
References
543(2)
Stereotactic surgery
545(3)
References
546(2)
Peripheral nerves
548(32)
Brachial plexus
551(2)
Peripheral neuropathies
553(23)
Missile injuries of peripheral nerves
563(1)
Entrapment neuropathies
563(13)
Thoracic outlet syndrome
576(1)
Miscellaneous peripheral nerve
577(1)
References
577(3)
Neurophthalmology
580(10)
Nystagmus
580(1)
Papilledema
580(1)
Pupillary diameter
581(3)
Alterations in pupillary diameter
582(2)
Extraocular motor system
584(4)
Miscellaneous neurophthalmologic signs
588(1)
References
589(1)
Neurotology
590(9)
Dizziness and vertigo
590(1)
Meniere's disease
591(2)
Facial nerve palsy
593(4)
Hearing loss
597(1)
References
598(1)
Operations and procedures
599(33)
Intraoperative dyes
599(1)
Operating room equipment
599(1)
Surgical hemostasis
600(1)
Anterior approaches to the spine
600(2)
Craniotomies
602(10)
Posterior fossa (suboccipital) craniectomy
604(4)
Pterional craniotomy
608(1)
Temporal craniotomy
608(1)
Frontal craniotomy
609(1)
Skull base surgery
609(1)
Petrosal craniotomy
610(1)
Approaches to the lateral ventricle
610(1)
Approaches to the third ventricle
610(2)
Interhemispheric approach
612(1)
Occipital craniotomy
612(1)
Cranioplasty
612(1)
Anterior approaches to the spine
613(1)
Transoral approach to anterior craniocervical junction
613(1)
Anterior access to the cervico-thoracic junction/upper thoracic spine
613(1)
Anterior access to mid & lower thoracic spine
613(1)
Anterior access to thoracolumbar junction
614(1)
Anterior access to the lumbar spine
614(1)
Percutaneous access to the CNS
614(5)
Percutaneous ventricular puncture
614(1)
Subdural tap
614(1)
Lumbar puncture
615(3)
C1-2 puncture and cisternal tap
618(1)
CSF diversionary procedures
619(3)
Ventricular catheterization
619(1)
Ventriculostomy/ICP monitor
620(1)
Ventricular shunts
620(1)
Ventricular access device
621(1)
Third ventriculostomy
622(1)
LP shunt
622(1)
Sural nerve biopsy
622(1)
Surgical fusion of the cervical spine
623(3)
Upper cervical spine
623(3)
Bone graft
626(1)
Nerve blocks
627(1)
Stellate ganglion block
627(1)
Lumbar sympathetic block
627(1)
Intercostal nerve block
628(1)
References
628(4)
Head trauma
632(66)
Transfer of trauma patients
637(1)
Management in E/R
637(10)
Neurosurgical exam in trauma
637(3)
Radiographic evaluation
640(1)
E/R management specifics
641(4)
Exploratory burr holes
645(2)
Intracranial pressure
647(17)
General information about ICP
647(2)
ICP monitoring
649(6)
ICP treatment measures
655(7)
High-dose barbiturate therapy
662(2)
Skull fractures
664(5)
Depressed skull fractures
664(1)
Basal skull fractures
665(2)
Craniofacial fractures
667(1)
Skull fractures in pediatric patients
668(1)
Hemorrhagic contusion
669(1)
Epidural hematoma
669(3)
Subdural hematoma
672(7)
Acute subdural hematoma
672(2)
Chronic subdural hematoma
674(2)
Spontaneous subdural hematoma
676(1)
Traumatic subdural hygroma
677(1)
Extraaxial fluid collections in children
678(1)
Nutrition in the head-injured patient
679(2)
Outcome from head trauma
681(3)
Age
681(1)
Outcome prognosticators
681(1)
Late complications from head injury
681(3)
Gunshot wounds to the head
684(2)
Non-missile penetrating trauma
686(1)
High altitude cerebral edema
687(1)
Pediatric head injury
687(2)
Cephalhematoma
688(1)
Child abuse
689(1)
References
689(9)
Spine injuries
698(65)
Whiplash-associated disorders
699(1)
Pediatric spine injuries
700(1)
Initial management of spinal cord injury
701(9)
Neurological assessment
710(3)
Spinal cord injuries
713(4)
Complete spinal cord injuries
713(1)
Incomplete spinal cord injuries
714(3)
Cervical spine fractures
717(27)
Atlanto-occipital dislocation
717(4)
Occipital condyle fractures
721(1)
Atlantoaxial dislocation
721(2)
Atlas (C1) fractures
723(1)
Axis (C2) fractures
724(7)
Combination C1-2 injuries
731(1)
Subaxial (C3 through C7) injuries/fractures
732(7)
Treatment of subaxial cervical spine fractures
739(2)
Sports related cervical spine injuries
741(2)
Delayed cervical instability
743(1)
Blunt vertebral artery injuries
744(1)
Thoracolumbar spine fractures
744(8)
Sacral fractures
752(1)
Gunshot wounds to the spine
753(1)
Penetrating trauma to the neck
754(1)
Chronic management of spinal cord injuries
755(2)
References
757(6)
Cerebrovascular accidents
763(18)
Strokes in general
763(11)
Modifiable risk factors for stroke
764(1)
Evaluation
764(4)
Management of RIND, TIA, or CVA
768(5)
Cardiogenic brain embolism
773(1)
CVA in young adults
774(2)
Lacunar strokes
776(2)
Miscellaneous CVA
778(1)
References
778(3)
SAH and aneurysms
781(54)
Introduction to SAH
781(4)
Grading SAH
785(1)
Initial management of SAH
786(5)
Vasospasm
791(8)
Definitions
791(1)
Characteristics of cerebral vasospasm
791(2)
Pathogenesis
793(1)
Diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm
793(1)
Treatment for vasospasm
794(2)
Vasospasm management ``protocol''
796(3)
Cerebral aneurysms
799(3)
Conditions associated with aneurysms
801(1)
Treatment options for aneurysms
802(2)
Timing of aneurysm surgery
804(1)
General technical considerations of aneurysm surgery
805(5)
Intraoperative aneurysm rupture
808(2)
Aneurysm recurrence after treatment
810(1)
Aneurysm type by location
810(6)
Anterior communicating artery aneurysms
810(1)
Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms
811(1)
Posterior communicating artery aneurysms
811(1)
Carotid terminus (bifurcation) aneurysms
812(1)
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms
812(1)
Supraclinoid aneurysms264
812(1)
Posterior circulation aneurysms
813(2)
Basilar bifurcation aneurysms
815(1)
Unruptured aneurysms
816(3)
Multiple aneurysms
819(1)
Familial aneurysms
819(1)
Traumatic aneurysms
820(1)
Mycotic aneurysms
821(1)
Giant aneurysms
821(1)
SAH of unknown etiology
822(1)
Nonaneurysmal SAH
823(2)
Pregnancy & intracranial hemorrhage
825(1)
References
826(9)
Vascular malformations
835(14)
Arteriovenous malformation
835(4)
Venous angiomas
839(1)
Angiographically occult vascular malformations
840(3)
Cavernous malformation
841(2)
Dural AVM
843(1)
Vein of Galen malformation
844(1)
Carotid-cavernous fistula
845(1)
References
846(3)
Intracerebral hemorrhage
849(20)
Intracerebral hemorrhage in adults
849(12)
ICH in young adults
861(1)
Intracerebral hemorrhage in the new-born
861(4)
References
865(4)
Occlusive cerebro-vascular disease
869(30)
Atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease
869(14)
Carotid artery
869(12)
Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
881(2)
Cerebral arterial dissections
883(5)
Carotid dissection
885(1)
Vertebrobasilar system artery dissection
886(2)
Extracranial-intracranial (EC/IC) bypass
888(1)
Cerebrovascular venous thrombosis
888(4)
Moyamoya disease
892(3)
References
895(4)
Outcome assessment
899(2)
References
901(43)
Differential diagnosis
902(20)
Differential diagnosis (DDx) by signs and symptoms
902(1)
Myelopathy
902(3)
Sciatica
905(2)
Low back pain
907(2)
Foot drop
909(2)
Weakness/atrophy of the hands/UEs
911(1)
Radiculopathy, upper extremity (cervical)
911(1)
Neck pain (cervical pain)
912(1)
Lhermitte's sign
912(1)
Burning hands/feet
912(1)
Muscle pain/tenderness
913(1)
Acute paraplegia or quadriplegia
913(1)
Hemiparesis or hemiplegia
914(1)
Syncope and apoplexy
914(1)
Encephalopathy
915(1)
Transient neurologic deficit
915(1)
Diplopia
916(1)
Anosmia
916(1)
Multiple cranial nerve palsies (cranial neuropathies)
917(1)
Binocular blindness
918(1)
Monocular blindness
919(1)
Exophthalmos
919(1)
Pathologic lid retraction
919(1)
Macrocephaly
919(2)
Tinnitus
921(1)
Facial sensory changes
921(1)
Language disturbance
921(1)
Swallowing difficulties
922(1)
Differential diagnosis (DDx) by location
922(18)
Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesions
922(1)
Posterior fossa lesions
923(1)
Foramen magnum lesions
924(1)
Atlantoaxial subluxation
924(1)
Axis (C2) vertebra lesions
924(1)
Multiple intracranial lesions on CT or MRI
925(1)
Ring-enhancing lesions on CT/MRI
926(1)
Leukoencephalopathy
926(1)
Corpus callosum
927(1)
Sellar and parasellar lesions
927(1)
Intracranial cysts
928(1)
Orbital lesions
929(1)
Cavernous sinus lesions
929(1)
Skull lesions
930(2)
Combined intracranial/extracranial lesions
932(1)
Intracranial calcifications
933(1)
Intraventricular lesions
934(2)
Periventricular lesions
936(1)
Meningeal thickening/enhancement
936(1)
Ependymal and subependymal enhancement
937(1)
Intraventricular hemorrhage
938(1)
Medial temporal lobe lesions
938(1)
Intranasal/intracranial lesions
938(1)
Spinal epidural masses
939(1)
Destructive lesions of the spine
939(1)
References
940(4)
Index
944

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