Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens

Ground-breaking overview of an enduring topic

Despite the use of antibiotics, bacterial diseases continue to be a critical issue in public health, and bacterial pathogenesis remains a tantalizing problem for research microbiologists. This new edition of Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens broadly covers the knowledge base surrounding this topic and presents recently unraveled bacterial virulence strategies and cutting-edge therapies.

A team of editors, led by USDA scientist Indira Kudva, compiled perspectives from experts to explain the wide variety of mechanisms through which bacterial pathogens cause disease: the host interface, host cell enslavement, and bacterial communication, secretion, defenses, and persistence. A collection of reviews on targeted therapies rounds out the seven sections of this unique book. The new edition provides insights into some of the most recent advances in the area of bacterial pathogenesis, including

• how metabolism shapes the host-pathogen interface
• interactions across species and genera
• mechanisms of the secretion systems
• evasion, survival, and persistence mechanisms
• new therapies targeting various adaptive and virulence mechanisms of bacterial pathogens

Written to promote discussion, extrapolation, exploration, and multidimensional thinking, Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens serves as a textbook for graduate courses on bacterial pathogenesis and a resource for specialists in bacterial pathogenicity, such as molecular biologists, physician scientists, infectious disease clinicians, dental scientists, veterinarians, molecular biologists, industry researchers, and technicians.

Contributors ix

Preface xv

Acknowledgments xvii

I. Bacterial-Host Interface

Section Editor: Nancy A. Cornick

1 Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens within the Human Host 3
Kimberly A. Bliven and Anthony T. Maurelli

2 Bacterial Metabolism Shapes the Host–Pathogen Interface 15
Karla D. Passalacqua, Marie-Eve Charbonneau, and Mary X.D. O’Riordan

3 Iron Acquisition Strategies of Bacterial Pathogens 43
Jessica R. Sheldon, Holly A. Laakso, and David E. Heinrichs

II. Bacterial Communication and Virulence

Section Editor: Paul J. Plummer

4 Sociomicrobiology and Pathogenic Bacteria 89
Joao B. Xavier

5 Candida-Bacteria Interactions: Their Impact on Human Disease 103
Devon L. Allison, Hubertine M. E. Willems, J.A.M.S. Jayatilake, Vincent M. Bruno, Brian M. Peters, and Mark E. Shirtliff

6 Microbial Endocrinology in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease 137
Mark Lyte

7 Small RNAs in Bacterial Virulence and Communication 169
Sarah L. Svensson and Cynthia M. Sharma

III. Bacterial Secretion Systems

Section Editor: Indira T. Kudva

8 Bacterial Secretion Systems: An Overview 215
Erin R. Green and Joan Mecsas

9 The Structure and Function of Type III Secretion Systems 241
Ryan Q. Notti and C. Erec Stebbins

10 Mechanism and Function of Type IV Secretion During Infection of the Human Host 265
Christian Gonzalez-Rivera, Minny Bhatty, and Peter J. Christie

11 Type V Secretion Systems in Bacteria 305
Enguo Fan, Nandini Chauhan, D. B. R. K. Gupta Udatha, Jack C. Leo, and Dirk Linke

12 The Versatile Type VI Secretion System 337
Christopher J. Alteri and Harry L.T. Mobley

13 Type VII Secretion: A Highly Versatile Secretion System 357
Louis S. Ates, Edith N. G. Houben, and Wilbert Bitter

IV. Bacterial Defenses

Section Editor: Qijing Zhang

14 Stress Responses, Adaptation, and Virulence of Bacterial Pathogens During Host Gastrointestinal Colonization 387
Annika Flint, James Butcher, and Alain Stintzi

15 Bacterial Evasion of Host Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses 413
Jason N. Cole and Victor Nizet

16 Antigenic Variation in Bacterial Pathogens 445
Guy H. Palmer, Troy Bankhead, and H. Steven Seifert

17 Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance 481
Jose M. Munita and Cesar A. Arias

V. Bacterial Persistence: Within and Between Hosts

Section Editor: Tracy L. Nicholson

18 Chronic Bacterial Pathogens: Mechanisms of Persistence 515
Mariana X. Byndloss and Renee M. Tsolis

19 The Staphylococcal Biofilm: Adhesins, Regulation, and Host Response 529
Alexandra E. Paharik and Alexander R. Horswill

20 Surviving Between Hosts: Sporulation and Transmission 567
Michelle C. Swick, Theresa M. Koehler, and Adam Driks

21 Staying Alive: Vibrio cholerae’s Cycle of Environmental Survival, Transmission, and Dissemination 593
Jenna G. Conner, Jennifer K. Teschler, Christopher J. Jones, and Fitnat H. Yildiz

VI. Host Cell Enslavement by Intracellular Bacteria

Section Editor: John P. Bannantine

22 Hijacking and Use of Host Lipids by Intracellular Pathogens 637
Alvaro Toledo and Jorge L. Benach

23 Contrasting Lifestyles Within the Host Cell 667
Elizabeth Di Russo Case and James E. Samuel

24 Intracellular Growth of Bacterial Pathogens: The Role of Secreted Effector Proteins in the Control of Phagocytosed Microorganisms 693
Valérie Poirier and Yossef Av-Gay

25 Cellular Exit Strategies of Intracellular Bacteria 715
Kevin Hybiske and Richard Stephens

VII. Targeted Therapies

Section Editor: Bryan H. Bellaire

26 Novel Targets of Antimicrobial Therapies 741
Sarah E. Maddocks

27 Innovative Solutions to Sticky Situations: Antiadhesive Strategies for Treating Bacterial Infections 753
Zachary T. Cusumano, Roger D. Klein, and Scott J. Hultgren

28 The Role of Biotin in Bacterial Physiology and Virulence: A Novel Antibiotic Target for Mycobacterium tuberculosis 797
Wanisa Salaemae, Grant W. Booker, and Steven W. Polyak

29 Recent Advances and Understanding of Using Probiotic-Based Interventions to Restore Homeostasis of the Microbiome for the Prevention/Therapy of Bacterial Diseases 823
Jan S. Suchodolski and Albert E. Jergens

Index 843

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