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Foreword | p. vii |
Preface | p. ix |
Symbols | p. xi |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Plate buckling in steel structures | p. 1 |
Purpose of this book | p. 2 |
Structure of this book | p. 3 |
Overview Of Design Rules | p. 5 |
Introduction | p. 5 |
Basis of design and modelling | p. 5 |
General | p. 5 |
Effective width models for global analysis | p. 6 |
Uniform and non uniform members | p. 7 |
Reduced stress method | p. 8 |
Shear lag in member design | p. 8 |
Phenomenon | p. 8 |
Shear lag in global analysis (calculation of internal forces and moments) | p. 10 |
Elastic shear lag in section analysis (calculation of stresses at SLS and fatigue ULS) | p. 11 |
Elastoplastic shear lag in section analysis (calculation of stresses at ULS) | p. 14 |
Interaction between shear lag and plate buckling at ULS | p. 15 |
Design examples | p. 16 |
Plate buckling effects due to direct stresses (including annexes A and E where applicable) | p. 22 |
Introduction | p. 22 |
Effective width method | p. 25 |
General requirements | p. 25 |
Principles of effective width calculation | p. 27 |
Hybrid girders | p. 30 |
Plate-like and column-like buckling | p. 31 |
Plate-like buckling | p. 32 |
Unstiffened plates | p. 32 |
Longitudinally stiffened plates | p. 36 |
Column-like buckling | p. 42 |
Unstiffened plates | p. 42 |
Longitudinally stiffened plates | p. 43 |
Interpolation between plate-like and column-like buckling | p. 45 |
Verification of the cross section resistance in ultimate limit states | p. 48 |
Verification of plated structural elements in the serviceability limit states | p. 50 |
Design examples | p. 51 |
Resistance to shear (including annex A where applicable) | p. 83 |
Collapse behaviour | p. 83 |
Design according to section 5, EN 1993-1-5 | p. 84 |
Design example | p. 92 |
Resistance to transverse loading | p. 93 |
Collapse behaviour | p. 93 |
Design according to section 6, EN 1993-1-5 | p. 94 |
Design example | p. 102 |
Interaction | p. 109 |
Interaction between bending moment and shear force in a web panel | p. 109 |
Interaction between axial force, bending moment and shear force in a web panel | p. 112 |
Interaction between axial force, bending moment and shear force in a flange panel | p. 112 |
Interaction between axial force, bending moment and transverse force | p. 113 |
Interaction between shear force and transverse force in a web panel | p. 115 |
Design examples | p. 117 |
Flange induced buckling | p. 118 |
Stiffeners and detailing | p. 121 |
Introduction | p. 121 |
Transverse stiffeners | p. 124 |
Direct stresses | p. 124 |
Shear | p. 127 |
Simultaneous action of direct stresses and shear | p. 131 |
Introduction of reaction forces and other large transverse forces | p. 134 |
Longitudinal stiffeners | p. 135 |
Direct stresses | p. 135 |
Shear | p. 137 |
Torsional buckling of stiffeners | p. 137 |
Structural detailing related to plate buckling | p. 140 |
Transverse welds in the plate | p. 140 |
Cut-outs in stiffeners | p. 141 |
Welds | p. 142 |
Design examples | p. 143 |
Reduced stress method (including Annexes A and B where applicable) | p. 160 |
General | p. 160 |
Choice of reduction factors | p. 164 |
FEM | p. 166 |
Introduction | p. 166 |
Modelling | p. 168 |
Definition of initial imperfections in the FE model | p. 168 |
Definition of material behaviour in the FE model | p. 172 |
Design examples | p. 173 |
Crane Runway Beam Example | p. 181 |
Description of the crane | p. 181 |
Description of the crane runway beam | p. 182 |
Geometry | p. 182 |
Material properties and material partial factors | p. 184 |
Cross section classification | p. 184 |
Actions and load partial factors | p. 186 |
General | p. 186 |
Crane actions | p. 187 |
Internal forces and stresses | p. 189 |
General | p. 189 |
Transverse forces and stresses | p. 190 |
Maximum bending moments and stresses | p. 192 |
Maximum shear forces and stresses | p. 193 |
Verifications in general | p. 194 |
Bucklling verifications according to sections 4 to 7, EN 1993-1-5 | p. 194 |
Resistance to shear forces | p. 195 |
Resistance to transverse forces | p. 197 |
Interaction checks | p. 199 |
Buckling verifications according to section 10, EN 1993-1-5 | p. 200 |
Flange induced buckling verification | p. 204 |
Stiffener verifications | p. 205 |
Bearing stiffeners | p. 205 |
Box-Girder Bridge Example | p. 209 |
Description of the bridge | p. 209 |
Longitudinal elevation | p. 209 |
Cross section of the composite deck | p. 209 |
Material properties and partial factors | p. 210 |
Structural steel | p. 210 |
Reinforced concrete | p. 211 |
Partial factors | p. 211 |
Structural steel distribution | p. 211 |
Internal forces and moments, Stresses | p. 214 |
Actions and load partial factors | p. 214 |
Transient design situation (launching phase) | p. 215 |
Permanent design situation | p. 215 |
Web buckling verification for the launching phase | p. 217 |
Patch loading verification | p. 218 |
Resistance load for a single wheel (ss = 0) | p. 220 |
Resistance load for a patch length ss = 1500 mm | p. 220 |
Patch loading verification | p. 221 |
Interaction between patch loading and bending moment | p. 221 |
Effective cross section of the stiffened bottom flange at internal support PI (uniform compression) | p. 222 |
First step: shear lag effect according to EN1993-lr5, 3.2 and 3.3 | p. 222 |
Second step: Critical plate buckling stress according to EN1993-l-5, Annex A | p. 223 |
Third step: Effective cross section | p. 225 |
Step A: Local buckling of sub-panels | p. 225 |
Step B: Global buckling of the whole stiffened bottom flange | p. 227 |
Effective cross section of the stiffened web at internal support PI (bending) | p. 230 |
Local buckling of sub-panels | p. 232 |
Global buckling of the whole stiffened web in bending | p. 234 |
Column like behaviour | p. 234 |
Plate like behaviour | p. 236 |
Interpolation between plate like and column like behaviour | p. 237 |
Torsional buckling of the longitudinal web stiffener | p. 238 |
Checking of the box-girder section under bending at support PI | p. 239 |
Shear resistance of the stiffened web panel closest to the internal support PI | p. 240 |
Interaction between bending and shear at support PI | p. 246 |
Intermediate transverse stiffener design | p. 247 |
Transverse web stiffeners | p. 247 |
Axial forces from the tension field action | p. 247 |
Transverse deviation forces from adjacen compressed panels | p. 247 |
Verification of the transverse stiffener | p. 248 |
Lower flange transverse stiffeners | p. 250 |
Cross section class check | p. 251 |
Strength and stiffness check of the stiffener | p. 252 |
Shear resistance of the stiffener web | p. 253 |
Buckling verifications at internal support PI according to section 10, EN 1993-1-5 | p. 254 |
General | p. 254 |
Stiffened bottom flange | p. 254 |
General | p. 254 |
Determination of ¿loc to account for local buckling | p. 256 |
Determination of ¿c to account for global buckling | p. 257 |
Stiffened bottom flange | p. 260 |
General | p. 260 |
Determination of ¿loc to account for local buckling | p. 261 |
Determination of ¿c to account for global buckling | p. 263 |
References | p. 267 |
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