Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion Equine Toxicology

A clinical quick-reference guide to managing toxicants in horses

Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Equine Toxicology provides crucial information for managing toxicants in horses in a quick-reference format. The book begins with foundational information on clinical toxicology, including emergency management, antidotes, sample analysis, and necropsy. It then discusses specific toxicant categories and toxicants of concern, organized alphabetically for fast access in emergency situations.

The identically formatted topics offer key information relevant to managing toxicants in horses, plus clinical photographs depicting plants and drugs to help clinicians and students identify toxicants. A companion website presents the figures from the book for download in PowerPoint.

This book is the ideal clinical resource for busy practitioners seeking immediate access to life-saving information in time-sensitive emergencies. It places all the information the reader needs to manage toxicants in horses at their fingertips, with full color images and concise bullet points.

Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Equine Toxicology features:

• A thorough introduction to emergency management of the poisoned equine patient, as well as general principles of toxicants, antidotes, lab sample analysis, and necropsy analysis
• An exploration of specific toxins and toxicants, including illicit and pharmaceutical drugs, envenomations, insecticides, herbicides, and farm chemicals
• Practical discussions of metal, mycotoxin, rodenticide, and plant toxicology in horses
• In-depth discussion of intoxication by poisonous trees and miscellaneous toxins, like carbon monoxide, nitrates, nitrites, salt, smoke, and tropical materials

Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Equine Toxicology is an indispensable reference for veterinary clinicians and students dealing with equine medicine, as well as for anyone seeking concise and comprehensive information about equine toxicology.

The editors 

Lynn R. Hovda, RPH, DVM, MS, DACVIM, is Director of Veterinary Services at SafetyCall International and Pet Poison Helpline in Minneapolis, Minnesota and Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences at the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. 

Dionne Benson, DVM, JD, is Chief Veterinary Officer for The Stronach Group.  

Robert H. Poppenga, DVM, PhD, DABVT, is a Professor and Head of the Toxicology Section at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System at the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis in Davis, California, USA.

Contributors List

SECTION 1 CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

    Chapter 1        Forensic Investigation of Equine Intoxications

    Chapter 2        Necropsy Analysis

    Chapter 3        Laboratory Testing Considerations

    Chapter 4        Treating an Intoxicated Animal: Antidotes and Therapeutic Medications 

    Chapter 5        Compounded Medications

SECTION 2 SPECIFIC TOXINS AND TOXICANTS

Drugs:  Illicit and Recreational

    Chapter 6        Cobalt

    Chapter 7        Cocaine

    Chapter 8        Dermorphin

    Chapter 9        Growth Hormones and Secretagogues

    Chapter 10   Marijuana

    Chapter 11   Methamphetamine and Amphetamine

    Chapter 12   Opioids

    Chapter 13      Selected Androgen (SARMS) and Estrogen (SERMS) Receptor Modulators

    Chapter 14      Synthetic Cannabinoids

Drugs: Prescription

    Chapter 15      Antipsychotic Agents – Reserpine and Fluphenazine

    Chapter 16      Benzodiazepines

    Chapter 17      Beta2 Agonists – Clenbuterol and Albuterol

    Chapter 18      Bisphosphonates

    Chapter 19      Gabapentin

    Chapter 20      Iodine

    Chapter 21      Medroxyprogesterone

    Chapter 22      Methylxanthines: Caffeine, theobromine, theophylline

    Chapter 23      Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)

    Chapter 24   Thyroxine (Levothyroxine)

    Chapter 25      Vitamin D (calciferol)

Insecticides, Herbicides and Farm Chemicals

    Chapter 26      Amitraz

    Chapter 27      Cholinesterase Inhibiting Carbamate Pesticides

    Chapter 28      Cholinesterase Inhibiting Organophosphate Pesticides

    Chapter 29      Fertilizers – nitrates, urea, phosphates and others

    Chapter 30      Herbicides

    Chapter 31      Paraquat and Diquat

    Chapter 32      Pentachlorophenol (PCP)

    Chapter 33      Pyrethroid and Pyrethrin Insecticides

Ionophores and Growth Promotants

    Chapter 34      Ionophores

    Chapter 35      Ractopamine

    Chapter 36      Zilpaterol

Metals

    Chapter 37      Arsenic

    Chapter 38      Fluoride

    Chapter 39      Iron

    Chapter 40      Lead

    Chapter 41      Selenium

Mycotoxins / Fungus

    Chapter 42      Aflatoxins           

    Chapter 43      Fescue (Endophyte-infected tall fescue)

    Chapter 44      Fumonisins

    Chapter 45      Fusaria

    Chapter 46      Slaframine

    Chapter 47      Tremorgenic Mycotoxins

Other Toxins

    Chapter 48      Clostridium Botulinum toxin

    Chapter 49      Cyanide

    Chapter 50      Sodium Chloride (Salt)

Plants and Biotoxins

    Chapter 51   Alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum)

    Chapter 52   Blue-Green algae (Cyanobacteria)

    Chapter 53      Cardiotoxic plants

    Chapter 54      Day blooming Jessamine (Cestrum spp.)

    Chapter 55      Death camus (Zigadenus spp.)

    Chapter 56      Hemlocks (Conium maculatum and Cicuta spp.)

    Chapter 57      Hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana)

    Chapter 58      Jimsonweed (Datura spp.)

    Chapter 59      Kleingrass (Panicum coloratum)

    Chapter 60      Lantana (Lantana camara)

    Chapter 61      Locoweeds (Astragalus spp. and Oxytropis spp.)

    Chapter 62      Narrow leaf milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis)

    Chapter 63      Nightshades (Solanum spp.)

    Chapter 64      Oleander (Nerium oleander and Cascabela thevetia)

    Chapter 65      Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

    Chapter 66      Rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora)

    Chapter 67      Rhododendrons

    Chapter 68      Sudangrass (Sorghum spp.)

    Chapter 69      Tansy ragwort (Jacobea vulgaris)

    Chapter 70      White snake root (Ageratina altissima)

    Chapter 71      Yellowstar thistle / Russian knapweed (Centaurea solstitialis / Acroptilon repens)

    Chapter 72      Yew (Taxus spp.)

Rodenticides

    Chapter 73      Anticoagulants

    Chapter 74      Bromethalin

    Chapter 75      Cholecalciferol

    Chapter 76      Phosphides

    Chapter 77      Sodium fluoroacetate (Compound 1080)

    Chapter 78      Strychnine

Toxic Gases

    Chapter 79      Air Contaminants – CO, NH3, H2S 

    Chapter 80     Smoke

Trees

    Chapter 81      Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)

    Chapter 82      Black walnut (Juglans nigra)

    Chapter 83      Box elder (Acer negundo)

    Chapter 84      Oak (Quercus spp.)

    Chapter 85      Red maple (Acer rubrum)

Zootoxins

    Chapter 86      Blister Beetles (Epicauta spp. and Pyrota spp.)

    Chapter 87      Snakes – Crotalids (pit vipers)

    Chapter 88   Snakes – Elapids (coral snakes)

    Chapter 89      Spiders – Brown recluse spider and black widow spider

Section 3 Reference Material

    Appendix 1     Abbreviations

    Appendix 2     Herbicides

    Appendix 3     Information Resources for Toxicology

INDEX

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