CDC Health Information for International Travel 2016

Amid recent changes in global health, the public interest in travelers' safety has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, CDC Health Information for International Travel (more commonly known as The Yellow Book) is the definitive resource for preventing illness and injury in a globalized world.

This 2016 edition offers the US government's most current health recommendations for travelers to international destinations, including disease risk maps, country-specific guidelines, and vaccine requirements and recommendations. The book also offers updated guidance for specific types of travel and travelers, including:

· Precautions for immunocompromised travelers and disabled travelers
· Guidance for the pregnant, last-minute, or resource-limited traveler
· Health considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees
· Advice for air crews, humanitarian aid workers, and health care workers traveling to provide care overseas

Written by a team of experts at CDC on the forefront of travel medicine, The Yellow Book provides a user-friendly, vital resource for those in the business of keeping travelers healthy abroad.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.

Gary W. Brunette, MD, MS, is Chief of the Travelers' Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Editor in Chief
Gary W. Brunette, MD, MS

Chief Medical Editor
Phyllis E. Kozarsky, MD

Medical Editors
Nicole J. Cohen, MD, MS
Mark D. Gershman, MD
Alan J. Magill, MD
Stephen M. Ostroff, MD
Edward T. Ryan, MD
David R. Shlim, MD
Michelle Weinberg, MD, MPH
Mary Elizabeth Wilson, MD

Managing Editor
Megan Crawley O'Sullivan, MPH

Technical Editor
Ronnie Henry

Chapter 1-Introduction
Introduction to Travel Health and the Yellow Book
Planning for Healthy Travel: CDC Travelers' Health Website and Mobile Applications
Travel Epidemiology
Perspectives: The Role of the Traveler in Translocation of Disease
Perspectives: Why Guidelines Differ


Chapter 2-The Pre-Travel Consultation
The Pre-Travel Consultation
Perspectives: Travelers' Perception of Risk
Perspectives: Prioritizing for the Resource-Limited Traveler
Perspectives: Cost Analysis of Travel Medicine
General Recommendations for Vaccination and Immunoprophylaxis
Drug-Vaccine and Drug-Drug Interactions
Perspectives: Fear of Vaccines

Self-Treatable Conditions
Travelers' Diarrhea
History of the Definition and Management of Travelers' Diarrhea
Altitude Illness
History of Recognition and Management of Altitude Illness
Jet Lag
Motion Sickness
Respiratory Infections

Counseling and Advice for Travelers
Food and Water Precautions
Perspectives: Prevention of Travelers' Diarrhea-It's Not Only WHAT You Eat and Drink
Water Disinfection for Travelers
Food Poisoning from Marine Toxins
Protection against Mosquitoes, Ticks, and Other Arthropods
Sunburn Exposure
Problems with Heat and Cold
Injury Prevention
Animal-Associated Hazards
Natural Disasters
Environmental Hazards
Scuba Diving
Medical Tourism
Discussing Complementary or Alternative Health Approaches with Travelers
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Mental Health
Travel Health Kits
Perspectives: Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeit Drugs
Obtaining Health Care Abroad for the Ill Traveler
Travel Health Insurance and Evacuation Insurance


Chapter 3-Infectious Diseases Related to Travel
Amebiasis
Angiostrongyliasis (Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection, Neurologic Angiostrongyliasis)
Anthrax
B virus
Bartonella-Associated Infections
Brucellosis
Campylobacter Enteritis
Chikungunya
Cholera
Coccidioidomycosis
Cryptosporidiosis
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Cyclosporiasis
Cysticercosis
Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Diphtheria
Echinococcosis
Escherichia coli
Fascioliasis
Filariasis, Lymphatic
Giardiasis
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
Helicobacter pylori
Helminths, Intestinal
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
Histoplasmosis
HIV and AIDS

Influenza (Seasonal, Zoonotic, and Pandemic)
Japanese Encephalitis
Legionellosis (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever)
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
Leptospirosis
Lyme Disease
Malaria
History of Malaria Chemoprophylaxis
Measles (Rubeola)
Melioidosis
Meningococcal Disease
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Mumps
Norovirus
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
Pertussis
Pinworm (Enterobiasis, Oxyuriasis, Threadworm)
Plague (Bubonic, Pneumonic, Septicemic)
Pneumococcal Disease (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
Poliomyelitis
For the Record: A History of Polio Eradication Efforts
Q Fever
Rabies
Perspectives: Intradermal Rabies Vaccine
Rickettsial (Spotted and Typhus Fevers) and Related Infections (Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis)
Rubella
Salmonella (Nontyphoidal)
Scabies (Sarcoptic Itch, Sarcoptic Acariasis)
Schistosomiasis
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Perspectives: Sex Tourism
Shigellosis
Smallpox and Other Orthopoxvirus-Associated Infections
Strongyloidiasis
Taeniasis
Tetanus
Tickborne Encephalitis
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomiasis, African (Human African Trypanosomiasis, African Sleeping Sickness)
Trypanosomiasis, American (Chagas Disease)
Tuberculosis
Perspectives: Tuberculin Skin Testing of Travelers
Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Yellow Fever
History of Yellow Fever Vaccine Requirements
Yersiniosis
Zika Virus
Yellow Fever and Malaria Information, by Country


Chapter 4-Select Destinations
Rationale for Select Destinations

Africa
East Africa: Safaris
South Africa
Tanzania: Kilimanjaro

Americas and The Caribbean
Brazil
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Mexico
Peru: Cuzco-Machu Picchu

Asia
Cambodia
China
India
Nepal
Thailand
Vietnam

Middle East and North Africa
Egypt and Nile River Cruises
Saudi Arabia: Hajj Pilgrimage


Chapter 5-Post-Travel Evaluation
General Approach to the Returned Traveler
Fever in Returned Travelers
Persistent Travelers' Diarrhea
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Returned Travelers
Asymptomatic Post-Travel Screening

Chapter 6-Conveyance and Transportation Issues
Air Travel
Cruise Ship Travel
Perspectives: What to Expect when Traveling during an International Outbreak
Death during Travel
Taking Animals and Animal Products across International Borders

Chapter 7-International Travel with Infants and Children
Traveling Safely with Infants and Children
Vaccine Recommendations for Infants and Children
Travel and Breastfeeding
International Adoption

Chapter 8-Advising Travelers with Specific Needs
Travelers with Chronic Illnesses
Pregnant Travelers
Travelers with Disabilities
Immigrants Returning Home To Visit Friends and Relatives (VFRs)
Health Care Workers
Advice for Air Crews
Humanitarian Aid Workers
Long-Term Travelers and Expatriates
Perspectives: Long-term Travel and Malaria Prophylaxis
Last-Minute Travelers
Special Considerations for US Military Deployments
Study Abroad
Travel to Mass Gatherings
Newly Arrived Immigrants and Refugees
Immunocompromised Travelers


Appendices
Appendix A: Promoting Quality in the Practice of Travel Medicine
Appendix B: Travel Vaccine Summary Table
Appendix C: Migrant Health Resources