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9780878407897

The Syntax of Spoken Arabic

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780878407897

  • ISBN10:

    0878407898

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2000-10-01
  • Publisher: Georgetown Univ Pr
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List Price: $49.95

Summary

This book is the first comparative study of the syntax of Arabic dialects, based on natural language data recorded in Morocco, Egypt, Syria, and Kuwait. These four dialect regions are geographically diverse and representative of four distinct dialect groups.Kristen E. Brustad has adopted an analytical approach that is both functional and descriptive, combining insights from discourse analysis, language topology, and pragmatics -- the first time such an approach has been used in the study of spoken Arabic syntax. An appendix includes sample texts from her data.Brustad's work provides the most nuanced description available to date of spoken Arabic syntax, widens the theoretical base of Arabic linguistics, and gives both scholars and students of Arabic tools for greater cross-dialect comprehension.

Author Biography

Kristen E. Brustad is an associate professor of Arabic at Emory University.

Table of Contents

Notes on Transcription and Glosses xiii
Introduction 1(17)
The Definiteness Continuum
18(26)
Introduction
18(1)
Definite and Indefinite Markers
18(3)
Definite Indefiniteness, and Specification
21(4)
Definiteness and Individuation
25(1)
Indefinite-Specific Marking
26(5)
Indefinite-Specific Article /si/
26(1)
Nunation as Indefinite-Specific Marking
27(4)
Definiteness and First Mention: New Topic
31(5)
Definite Marking in Moroccan
36(6)
Summary
42(2)
Number, Agreement and Possession
44(45)
Introduction
44(1)
The Dual
45(7)
Non-Specific Dual
45(1)
Dual in Moroccan
46(1)
Periphrastic Duals
47(2)
Dual as New-Topic Marker
49(2)
Pseudo-Duals
51(1)
Adverbial Dual
52(1)
Agreement Patterns of Plural Nouns
52(10)
Agreement Neutralization
62(8)
Neutrailized Adjectival Agreement
62(5)
Verb-Subject Number Agreement
67(3)
Genitive and Possessive Constructions
70(17)
Harning's Study
72(2)
Formal Motivations for the Use of the Genitive Exponents
74(2)
Pragmatic Functions
76(4)
Exponents and Individuation
80(3)
Sociolinguistic Motivations
83(2)
Moroccan/ dyal/
85(2)
Summary
87(2)
Relative Clauses
89(23)
Introduction
89(2)
Relativization of Indefinite-Specific Nouns with /illi/
91(8)
Non-attributive Relative Clauses
99(2)
Aleppan Relative Pronoun /il/
101(1)
Relativizing Non-specific Temporal Nouns
102(2)
/illi/ as Complementizer
104(2)
Moroccan Word-Order Relatives
106(3)
Moroccan Relative Pronoun /d/
109(1)
Summary
110(2)
Demonstrative Articles and Pronouns
112(29)
Introduction
112(1)
Proximal and Distal Demonstrative Forms
113(2)
Unstressed Anaphoric Demonstrative Articles
115(10)
Syntactic Functions of Demonstrative Articles
117(2)
Discourse Functions of the Demonstrative Article
119(6)
Unstressed Distal Demonstratives
125(3)
Ungendered Moroccan /dik/ and /dak/
125(3)
Demonstrative Pronouns in Post-Nominal Position
128(1)
Non-specific Temporal Demonstrative Position
128(1)
Post-Nominal Demonstratives
129(5)
``Double'' Demonstrative Constructions
131(3)
Discourse Functions of Distal Demonstratives
134(5)
Summary
139(2)
Categorizing Verbs
141(24)
Introduction
141(1)
Overview of Verb Forms
142(1)
Auxiliaries and Other Categories
143(8)
Verbs of Motion
147(1)
Temporal Verbs
148(3)
Pseudo-Verbs
151(11)
Characteristics of Pseudo-Verbs
153(4)
Pronouns as Copulas
157(1)
Pseudo-Verbs in Rural Northwestern Syria
158(1)
Loss of Verbal Status
159(3)
The Participle
162(2)
Summary
164(1)
Aspect
165(38)
Introduction
165(1)
Lexical Aspect
166(6)
Formal Aspect
172(4)
Translation and Speaker Point of View
176(3)
Perfect Aspect
179(7)
Perfect Aspect and the Participle
182(3)
Participles of Motion
185(1)
Aspect in Narrative Contexts
186(15)
Foregrounding the Backgrounding
187(5)
Aspect and Narrative Contour
192(7)
Suddenly, all of a sudden with Participle
199(1)
Suddenly with the Imperfective
200(1)
Summary
201(2)
Tense and Time Reference
203(28)
Introduction
203(1)
Relative Time Reference in Arabic
203(11)
Adverbs and Relative Time Reference
205(2)
Relative Time Reference in Complement Clauses
207(3)
Discourse Shift to Time Reference: Tense Neutralization
210(3)
Kuwaiti /can/: Historical Present?
213(1)
Temporal Verbs
214(11)
Temporal Verbs in Compound Verb Phrases
215(2)
Topicalization of Temporal Verbs
217(4)
To start, begin: Stative and Non-stative
221(2)
No longer: /ma bqas/, /ma ba'a(s)/, /ma `ad/
223(2)
The Participle and Time Reference
225(4)
Summary
229(2)
Mood
231(46)
Introduction
231(2)
Marked and Unmarked Imperfectives
233(3)
Unmarked Imperfective: Subjunctive
236(5)
Marked Forms of the Imperfective
241(7)
Future and Intentive Moods
241(5)
Indicative Mood
246(2)
The Multiple Meanings of Syrain /b-/
248(5)
Kuwaiti /can/: Modal Auxiliary?
253(2)
Commissive Mood: Marked Use of the Perfective
255(1)
Conditional and Hypothetical Moods
256(20)
Conditional Particles in the Dialects
256(4)
Hypothetical and Counterfactual /kan/
260(1)
/kan/ as Frozen Hypothetical Marker
260(2)
/kan/ with Perfective as Counterfactual Mood
262(2)
Habitual and Non-hypothetical Conditionals
264(1)
/'ila/, /la/ If, When
264(1)
/-ma/ -ever
265(1)
Aspect and Mood in Conditional Sentences
266(10)
Summary
276(1)
Negation
277(38)
Introduction
277(1)
Overview of Negation in the Dialects
277(4)
Three Strategies of Negation
281(3)
Verbal Negation
284(17)
Negation of Pseudo-verbs
288(1)
Negation of Participles
289(2)
Verbal Negation of Predicates in Moroccan
291(3)
Negation of the Imperative: The Prohibitive
294(2)
The Negative Copula
296(5)
Predicate Negation
301(5)
Categorical Negation
306(7)
Categorical Negation of the Verb Phrase
307(2)
Categorical Negation of Single Sentence Elements
309(1)
Categorical Negation of Coordinated Structures
309(4)
Summary
313(2)
Sentence Typology
315(61)
Introduction
315(1)
Sentence Typology
316(13)
Structural Evidence for the Primacy of VSO
319(1)
Typological Frequency and Discourse Type
320(9)
Topic-and Subject-Prominent Sentence Structures
329(13)
Spoken Arabic as a Topic-Prominent Language
330(7)
Temporal Frame as Topic
337(2)
Topical Circumstantial Clauses (/hal/)
339(3)
Variation in Word Order: Information packaging
342(11)
Right-Dislocated Subjects: New Information
343(1)
Pronoun Subject Position
344(4)
Object-Initial Sentences
348(1)
Topic-Prominent OV: Object as Topic
349(1)
Subject-Prominent OV: Contrastive Function
349(3)
Predicate-Subject Inversion
352(1)
Syrian Object-Marker /la-/: Resumptive Topic
353(6)
The Ethical Dative: Point of View and Empathy
359(2)
Summary
361(2)
Conclusions
363(13)
Appendix 1: Informants 376(45)
Appendix 2: Texts
Morocco
377(11)
Egypt
388(7)
Syria
395(14)
Kuwait
409(12)
References 421(12)
Subject Index 433(8)
Author Index 441

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