This book is important for those interested in synaptic transmission, the peripheral nervous system, neuropharmacology, and the associated neurological diseases and aging

Foreword

v

Victor P. Whittaker

Preface and Acknowledgments

vii

Contributors

xiii

Introduction: History and Scope of This Book

Why a Book on the Central Cholinergic System?

1

(6)

Outline of the History of Central Cholinergic System Research

7

(17)

Scope of This Book

24

(2)

Envoi

26

(7)

Notes

26

(1)

References

26

(7)

Cholinergic Cells and Pathways

History of Methodological Development Needed to Define the Cholinergic Neuron, Explain Acetylcholine Releae, and Establish Central Cholinergic Pathways

33

(9)

Morphology and Cytoanatomy, and Markers of Central Cholinergic Neurons

42

(7)

Classical and Unorthodox Hypotheses of Acetylcholine Release

49

(6)

Central Cholinergic Pathways---An Introduction

55

(1)

The Cholinergic Pathways Presented by the McGeers, Kimura, and Kasa and Expanded by Butcher, Woolf, and Wainer

55

(10)

Cholinergic Pathways as Defined by Marsel Mesulam, His Associates, and Other Recent Investigators

65

(3)

Conclusions

68

(13)

Notes

69

(1)

References

69

(12)

Metabolism of Acetylcholine: Synthesis and Turnover

Historical Introduction

81

(2)

ACh Synthesis

83

(7)

Choline Metabolism

90

(1)

Choline Metabolism and Choline Transport into the Brain

90

(6)

Choline and Phosphatidylcholine as Precursors of Acetylcholine and Phospholipids

96

(4)

Choline Transport and Uptake

100

(9)

Cholinesterases

109

(5)

Structures, Active Sites, and Mechanism of Action

114

(10)

Distribution and Roles of Cholinesterases

124

(27)

Notes

131

(1)

References

131

(20)

History of Research on Nicotinic and Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors

Alexander G. Karczmar

Jon Lindstrom

Arthur Christopoulos

Curare, Muscarine, Enzymes, and Bacteria

151

(3)

Receptors and the Demonstration of Cholinergic Transmission

154

(1)

The ``Abstract'' Phase of the Receptor Research

154

(2)

The Reality of the Receptors

156

(1)

Receptor Subtypes

157

(1)

Brief Conclusions

158

(5)

Notes

158

(1)

References

159

(4)

Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Pharmacology

Arthur Christopoulos

Introduction

163

(1)

Pharmacological Classification

163

(10)

Localization and Distribution

173

(2)

Molecular Biology

175

(8)

Signaling Pathways

183

(7)

Functional Insights Gained from the Use of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Knockout Mice

190

(3)

Conclusions

193

(16)

Acknowledgments

193

(1)

References

193

(16)

Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors: History, Structure, and Functional Roles

Jon Lindstrom

Scope of the Chapter

209

(2)

Structures of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

211

(10)

Functional Roles of Nicotinic Receptors

221

(16)

References

228

(9)

Anticholinesterases and War Gases

Historical Introduction

237

(9)

Classification, Chemical Structures, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Bonding Relationships of Anticholinesterases

246

(11)

Organophosphorus Compounds, Their Structure-Activity Relationships, and Bonding

257

(8)

Anticholinesterases Other Than Organophosphorus, Carbamate, and Related Anticholinesterases

265

(2)

Metabolism and Detoxification of Anticholinesterases

267

(5)

Toxic Effects of Anticholinesterases

272

(13)

Toxic Effects Involving the US 1991 War Effort in the Persian Gulf

285

(3)

Treatment of Anticholinesterase Poisoning

288

(2)

Cholinergic Teratology

290

(21)

Notes

291

(1)

References

292

(19)

Cholinergic Aspects of Growth and Development

Historical Introduction

311

(3)

Cholinergic Ontogeny: Precocious Developmental Appearance of the Components of the Cholinergic System

314

(5)

Development of the Cholinergic System During Neurogenesis and Organogenesis

319

(16)

Postnatal Neurogenesis

335

(3)

Comments and Conclusions as to Cholinergic Ontogeny

338

(1)

Phylogenesis of the Cholinergic System

339

(1)

Trophic and Growth Factors

340

(1)

Nerve Growth Factor

341

(20)

Other Retrophic Factors

361

(9)

Anterograde-Acting Factors and Related Phenomena

370

(7)

Teratologic and Ontogenetic Effects of Cholinergic Components and Cholinergic Agents

377

(34)

Notes

380

(1)

References

381

(30)

Central Cholinergic Nervous System and Its Correlates

Scope of This Chapter and Historical Introduction

411

(15)

Cholinoceptive Responses

426

(11)

Central Release of Acetylcholine

437

(3)

Pharmacology of Central Cholinergic and Cholinomimetic Responses

440

(15)

Functional Aspects of the Cholinergic System

455

(36)

Mental and Behavioral Functions with Cholinergic Implications

491

(32)

Cholinergic Aspects of Organism-Environment Interaction---and Beyond

523

(74)

Notes

529

(1)

References

530

(67)

Links between Amyloid and Tau Biology in Alzheimer's Disease and Their Cholinergic Aspects

George S. Siegel

Neelima Chauhan

Alexander G. Karczmar

Historical Introduction

597

(5)

Dysregulated Processing of Neurocellular Proteins

602

(3)

Amyloid

605

(3)

Amyloid Precursor Protein

608

(6)

α-Secretase

614

(1)

β-Secretase

615

(1)

γ-Secretase

616

(2)

Learing and Memory: Effects of Amyloid and Mutations of APP and PS1

618

(1)

Tau Biology

618

(4)

Potential Regulatory Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease

622

(9)

Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease and Future Directions

631

(26)

Notes

638

(1)

References

638

(19)

Envoi

Immediate, Mundane Concerns

657

(5)

The ``Far Beyond'' Matters

662

(2)

The Last Word

664

(3)

Notes

664

(1)

References

665

(2)

Index

667

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Exploring the Vertebrate Cholinergic Nervous System

9780387282237

0387282238

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