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9780521430319

Bromeliaceae: Profile of an Adaptive Radiation

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780521430319

  • ISBN10:

    0521430313

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2000-04-13
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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Summary

This book presents a synthesis of the extensive information available on the biology of Bromeliacea, a largely neotropical family of about 2700 described species. The author emphasizes reproductive and vegetative structure, related physiology, ecology, and evolution, rather than floristics and taxonomy. Guiding questions include: Why is this family inordinately successful in arboreal (epiphytic) and other typically stressful habitats and why is this family so important to extensive fauna beyond pollinators and frugivores in the forest canopy? Extraordinary and sometimes novel mechanisms that mediate water balance, tolerance for high and low exposures, and mutualisms with ants have received much study and allow interesting comparisons among plant taxa and help explain why members of this taxon exhibit more adaptive and ecological variety than most other families of flowering plants. This volume concentrates on function and underlying mechanisms, thus it will round out a literature that otherwise mostly ignores basic biology in favor of taxonomy and horticulture.

Table of Contents

List of contributors
ix
Preface x
Acknowledgments xiii
Glossary xv
Abbreviations xviii
Part one Brief overview 1(16)
Introduction
3(14)
D. H. Benzing
Part two Basic structure, function, ecology and evolution 17(526)
Vegetative structure
19(60)
D. H. Benzing
Habits: general overview
22(14)
Organization for foraging
36(6)
Relationships of the body plans
42(4)
Stems
46(2)
Roots
48(2)
Vascular cells
50(2)
Foliage
52(18)
Trichomes
70(9)
Reproductive structure
79(28)
D. H. Benzing
Inflorescences
81(8)
Flowers
89(9)
Fruits, ovules and seeds
98(7)
Pollen grains
105(2)
Carbon and water balance
107(80)
D. H. Benzing
Ecophysiological peculiarities
110(1)
The five ecophysiological types
111(3)
Photosynthesis and water economy
114(1)
Crassulacean acid metabolism: basic characteristics
115(2)
Bromeliad CAM: basic characteristics
117(3)
Ecological correlates of the carbon fixation syndromes
120(3)
Ecophysiological profiles of the five types of Bromeliaceae
123(22)
Xeromorphy and water relations
145(6)
CAM vs. C3 bromeliads: performances in situ
151(9)
Predictors of photosynthetic capacity (Amax)
160(2)
Hydration
162(6)
CAM reconsidered as an evolutionary response to stress
168(6)
Citric acid: its role in ecophysiology
174(1)
CAM and hydration
174(2)
Additional aspects of light relations
176(11)
Mineral nutrition
187(58)
D. H. Benzing
External supply and plant demand
188(9)
Nutritional peculiarities
197(2)
Nutrients in the forest canopy
199(10)
Mechanisms
209(20)
Involvement of foliar trichomes
229(6)
Nitrogen nutrition
235(3)
Architecture and nutritional economy
238(2)
Bromeliads as air quality monitors
240(5)
Reproduction and life history
245(84)
D. H. Benzing
H. Luther
B. Bennett
Pollination
246(18)
Floral rewards
264(4)
Fragrances
268(1)
Flowering phenology
268(8)
Breeding systems
276(4)
Synchronization within populations
280(1)
Genetic structure of populations
281(3)
Seed dispersal
284(15)
Seed viability and germination
299(2)
Resource economics and life history
301(4)
The organization of reproductive allocation
305(3)
Demography
308(15)
Asexual reproduction
323(3)
Final comments
326(3)
Ecology
329(76)
D. H. Benzing
Frost-tolerance
331(8)
Distribution in forests
339(23)
Roles in succession
362(7)
Influences of shoot form on bromeliad distribution
369(3)
Effects of epiphytic bromeliads on trees
372(10)
Effects of bromeliad nutrition on forests
382(2)
Terrestrial Bromeliaceae
384(16)
Bromelia humilis: a case study of terrestrialism
400(5)
Relationships with fauna
405(58)
D. H. Benzing
Predators and pathogens
405(9)
Mutualisms
414(7)
Ants and bromeliads
421(10)
Evolution of ant/plant associations
431(5)
Termites
436(1)
Phytotelm bromeliads
437(22)
Bromeliads and the definition of soil
459(4)
History and evolution
463(80)
D. H. Benzing
G. Brown
R. Terry
Fossils
464(1)
Phytogeography
465(23)
Chromosomes, hybridization and polyploidy
488(5)
Ancestral habitats
493(7)
Heterochrony
500(4)
Neoteny and tillandsioid radiation
504(5)
Historic relationships between mesophytism and xerophytism in Tillandsioideae
509(7)
Taxonomy: traditional characters
516(1)
Chemical systematics
517(4)
Relationships among subfamilies and Bromeliaceae within Liliopsida
521(19)
Final comments
540(3)
Part three Special topics 543(78)
Neoregelia subgenus Hylaeaicum
545(6)
I. Ramirez
Taxonomic problems
545(2)
Ecology and geographic distribution
547(1)
Cytology
547(1)
Vegetative morphology
547(1)
Trichomes
548(1)
Inflorescences
548(1)
Floral morphology
549(1)
Reproductive biology
549(1)
Continuing taxonomic problems
550(1)
Cryptanthus
551(4)
I. Ramirez
Tillandsioideae
555(18)
W. Till
Anatomy and morphology
559(10)
Phytogeography and evolution
569(4)
Tillandsia and Racinaea
573(14)
W. Till
Evolution
575(3)
Subgeneric treatments of Tillandsia
578(7)
Racinaea
585(2)
Ethnobotany of Bromeliaceae
587(22)
B. Bennett
Folk taxonomy of Bromeliaceae
588(1)
Uses of Bromeliaceae
589(18)
Indigenous management of bromeliads
607(2)
Endangered Bromeliaceae
609(12)
M. Dimmitt
Factors threatening bromeliad populations
610(5)
In situ conservation
615(1)
Ex situ conservation
616(3)
Conservation laws and their implementation
619(2)
Literature cited 621(36)
Name index 657(8)
Subject index 665(10)
Taxon index 675

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