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9780340691519

Quaternary Environments

by ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780340691519

  • ISBN10:

    0340691514

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 1998-10-29
  • Publisher: Hodder Education Publishers
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List Price: $64.53

Summary

The second edition of this authoritative introduction to the global environmental fluctuations of the Quaternary period has been thoroughly revised and updated, and now includes two new chapters: one on Quaternary soils and sediments, and one on the Milan

Table of Contents

The Authors ix(2)
Preface to the 1st edition xi(2)
Preface to the 2nd edition xiii(2)
Acknowledgments xv
1: QUATERNARY ENVIRONMENTS: AN INTRODUCTION
1(10)
Prelude to the Quaternary
2(1)
Quaternary glaciations
2(1)
Quaternary sea-level changes
3(1)
Evidence from the oceans
3(1)
Rivers, lakes and groundwater
4(1)
Evidence from the deserts
5(1)
Evidence from non-marine flora and fauna
5(1)
Human origins, innovations and migrations
5(1)
Atmospheric circulation during the Quaternary
5(1)
Environmental changes: past, present, future
6(1)
Quaternary chronology
6(1)
Reconstructing Quaternary environments
6(1)
Quaternary environmental analogues
7(2)
Practical relevance of Quaternary research
9(2)
2: PRELUDE TO THE QUATERNARY
11(12)
The lithospheric plates and their motion
11(3)
Tectonic control of the oceans and continents
14(1)
Effects of plate evolution on the atmospheric and oceans
14(1)
Global cooling and growth of the Antarctic ice cap
15(2)
Onset of ice age conditions in the Quaternary
17(1)
The Nature and possible causes of the Quaternary instability
18(2)
Conclusions
20(3)
3: QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS: EXTENT AND CHRONOLOGY
23(30)
The cryosphere
23(2)
The development of ideas about the Quaternary glaciations
25(1)
Chronology
26(3)
Evidence of glaciation
26(3)
Quaternary cryospheric reconstruction
29(2)
Alpine glaciations
31(3)
North America and Greenland
34(3)
Europe
37(1)
Southern hemisphere
38(2)
Dating cryosphere growth and retreat
40(2)
Holocence glacier records
42(1)
Ice core records
43(6)
The pattern of rapid climate changes in the late Quaternary
49(3)
Conclusion
52(1)
4: QUATERNARY GLACIATIONS: CAUSES AND FEEDBACK MECHANISMS
53(20)
Triggers for ice sheet growth and decay
53(7)
Internal ice sheet processes and rapid climate changes
60(1)
Ice sheet growth and glacial inception
61(1)
Ice sheet retreat and deglaciation
62(2)
What accounts for the rapidity of deglaciation?
64(2)
The mechanisms of atmospheric CO(2) change
66(2)
Methane and its role in glacial cycles
68(1)
The role of the tropics and tropical climate change
69(1)
Conclusion
70(3)
5: THE MILANKOVITCH HYPOTHESIS AND QUATERNARY ENVIRONMENTS
73(34)
Searching for signs of the Milankovitch mechanism
74(1)
The nature of the Earth's orbit and its changing characteristics
75(10)
The magnitude of insolation changes during the late Quaternary
85(4)
Do these insolation changes actually affect the global climate?
89(3)
Exploring the mechanisms linking Milankovitch forcing to climate
92(3)
Feedback processes in the climate system
95(3)
Frequency response and phase shifts in the climatic response to insolation forcing
98(6)
Conclusions
104(3)
6: QUATERNARY SEA-LEVEL CHANGES
107(20)
Nature and description of sea-level changes
107(3)
Causes of Sea-level fluctuation: a review
110(4)
Formalising the description and analysis of seal-level
114(1)
Some factors influencing local RSL history
114(2)
The timing of sea-level fluctuations
116(1)
Tertiary and earlier sea-levels
117(1)
Quaternary sea-levels
117(3)
The Holocene transgression
120(2)
Land bridges: a product of Quaternary low sea-levels
122(1)
Recent and historic changes in sea-level
122(5)
7: EVIDENCE FROM THE OCEANS
127(16)
Properties of seawater and of the different water masses
127(5)
Microfossils as tools for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction
132(2)
Oxygen isotopes
134(2)
Transfer functions
136(2)
Plaeochemistry
138(1)
Aeolian dust and pollen
138(1)
Ice-rafted material
139(1)
The Atlantic and its significance
139(1)
Corals as high-resolution recorders of environmental change
140(3)
8. RIVERS, LAKES AND GROUNDWATER
143(28)
Rivers of the present day
143(1)
Characteristics of some contemporary rivers
144(1)
Factors influencing river environments during the Quternary
145(8)
Examples of Quaternary riverine environment change
153(5)
Evaluating river hydrology from palaeochannel evidence
158(1)
Lake morphology and origin
158(2)
Associated features
160(2)
Lake status
162(1)
Aquatic organisms
163(1)
Quaternary lacustrine records
164(2)
Lake histories
166(5)
9: EVIDENCE FROM THE DESERTS
171(14)
Present-day distribution of arid and semi-arid regions
171(1)
Causes of aridity
172(1)
The desert environment
173(1)
Late Cainozoic cooling and desiccation
174(2)
Quaternary glacial aridity
176(1)
Glacial and interglacial desert environments
177(5)
Quaternary soils in arid and semi-arid areas
182(1)
The loess-palaosol sequence in China
182(1)
Correlating the Terrestrial and marine records
183(2)
10: EVIDENCE FROM TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA
185(42)
Pollen
185(14)
Fine-resolution palynology
199(2)
Microscopic charcoal and elemental carbon
201(2)
Plant macrofossils
203(1)
Plant phytoliths
204(1)
Tree rings
205(3)
Vertebrates
208(2)
Invertebrates
210(1)
A global synthesis
211(14)
Biome models
225(2)
11: HUMAN ORIGINS, INNOVATIONS AND MIGRATIONS
227(16)
Miocene hominoids of Africa and Eurasia
227(1)
Pliocene hominides of Africa
228(3)
Home erectus, fire and the Acheulian tradition
231(1)
Migration of Homo erectus or an earlier Homo from Africa to Eurasia
232(2)
From Homo erectus to Homo sapiens
234(1)
From Early Stone Age to Middle Stone Age
234(1)
Middle Stone Age ritual, art and innovation
235(1)
Late Stone Age diversity and migrations
236(1)
Pleistocene faunal extinctions
237(1)
Isotopic evidence of palaeo-diet
238(1)
Neolithic plant and animal domestication
239(4)
12: ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION DURING THE QUATERNARY
243(14)
Present-day global atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns
244(2)
Sea-surface temperatures during the last glacial maximum
246(5)
Atmospheric circulation patterns during the late Quaternary
251(3)
Global plaeohydrology and links between oceanic and atmospheric circulations
254(3)
13: ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
257(12)
The human population in the context of the late quaternary
258(1)
Biota in the Quaternary
259(1)
Drought, overgrazing and desertification
259(2)
Irrigation and salinisation
261(1)
Human effects on the atmosphere
262(4)
What kinds of actions could we take?
266(1)
Conclusion
266(3)
Appendix: Dating methods in Quaternary research 269(16)
References 285(40)
Index 325

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