This concise overview of renal physiology introduces basic science principles and their relevance in the clinical expression of disease. Each chapter incorporates a wealth of pedagogical aids including: study questions, learning objectives, and clinical examples. Also serves as a good review for the USMLE Step 1.

Douglas C. Eaton, Ph.D.: Distinguished Professor, Department of Physiology; and Director, Center for Cell and Molecular Signaling, Emory University Medical School, Atlanta John Pooler, Ph.D.: Associate Professor of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Emory University Medical School, Atlanta

Preface

vii

Renal Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes

1

(23)

Functions

2

(2)

Anatomy of the Kidneys and Urinary System

4

(1)

The Nephron

5

(7)

Blood Supply to the Nephrons

12

(4)

Basic Renal Processes

16

(8)

Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

24

(13)

Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow

25

(1)

Flow, Resistance, and Pressure in The Kidneys

25

(1)

Glomerular Filtration

26

(7)

Autoregulation

33

(4)

Clearance

37

(9)

Clearance Units

38

(4)

Plasma Creatinine and Urea Concentrations as Indicators of GFR Changes

42

(4)

Basic Transport Mechanisms

46

(14)

Crossing the Epithelial Barriers

47

(4)

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Transcytosis

51

(2)

Transport Mechanisms in Reabsorption

53

(7)

Renal Handling of Organic Substances

60

(13)

Active Proximal Reabsorption of Organic Nutrients (Eg, Glucose, Amino Acids)

61

(2)

Proteins and Peptides

63

(1)

Active Proximal Secretion of Organic Anions

64

(2)

Active Proximal Secretion of Organic Cations

66

(2)

pH Dependence of Passive Reabsorption or Secretion Urea

68

(5)

Basic Renal Processes for Sodium, Chloride, and Water

73

(24)

Overview

74

(5)

Individual Tubular Segments

79

(11)

Urinary Concentration: The Medullary Osmotic Gradient

90

(7)

Control of Sodium and Water Excretion: Regulation of Plasma Volume and Plasma Osmolality and Renal Control of Systemic Blood Pressure

97

(37)

Regulation of Blood Pressure

98

(6)

Contribution of the Kidney to The Long-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure

104

(12)

Control of Sodium Balance

116

(6)

Control of Water Excretion

122

(12)

Renal Regulation of Potassium Balance

134

(16)

Regulation of Potassium Between the Intracellular and Extracellular Compartments

135

(1)

Renal Potassium Handling

136

(14)

Regulation of Hydrogen Ion Balance

150

(30)

Guidelines for Studying Acid-Base Biology

151

(6)

Renal Handling of Acids and Bases

157

(4)

Renal Excretion of Acid and Base

161

(2)

Hydrogen Ion Excretion on Urinary Buffers

163

(2)

Phosphate and Organic Acids as Buffers

165

(1)

Hydrogen Ion Excretion on Ammonium

166

(1)

Quantification of Renal Acid-Base Excretion

167

(3)

Regulation of the Renal Handling of Acids and Bases

170

(1)

Control of Renal Glutamine Metabolism and NH4 Excretion

171

(1)

Intravenous Solutions: Lactated Ringer's

172

(1)

Specific Categories of Acid-Base Disorders

173

(1)

Renal Response to Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis

174

(1)

Factors Causing the Kidneys to Generate or Maintain A Metabolic Alkalosis

175

(5)

Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Balance

180

(13)

Effector Sites for Calcium Balance

182

(3)

Hormonal Control of Effector Sites

185

(4)

Overview of Renal Phosphate Handling

189

(4)

Answers to Study Questions

193

(8)

Appendix A

201

(2)

Appendix B

203

(2)

Index

205

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Vander's Renal Physiology, 6/E

9780071357289

0071357289

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