Contributors | |
Introduction | |
Acknowledgements | |
Abbreviations | |
The history of children's perioperative care | |
Why history is important | |
What is perioperative nursing? | |
A brief history of perioperative nursing | |
An overview of the history of surgery | |
The development of perioperative nursing | |
Key discoveries in perioperative care | |
Early beginnings of surgery for children | |
The growth of paediatric surgery | |
Conclusion: perioperative nursing of children | |
References | |
The psychosocial care of children in the perioperative area | |
Children's perceptions of the operating theatre | |
The effect of hospitalisation on children | |
Models of care | |
The presence of parents | |
Play in the operating theatre suite | |
Emotional, social and spiritual needs of the patient | |
Conclusion | |
References | |
Care of the child in the operating room | |
Preparation of children for theatre | |
Admission prior to surgery | |
Observation | |
Weight | |
Surgical history | |
Medical history | |
Medications | |
Body/site preparation | |
Pre-admission clinic | |
Emergency admission | |
Day of surgery admission | |
Reception in the operating suite | |
Registration on entrance to the OR | |
Fasting | |
Other things to check on admission to the OR | |
Safety of children in the operating theatre | |
Specific safety issues for children during induction | |
Post anaesthetic/post operative | |
Standing orders | |
Conclusion | |
References | |
Nursing care and management of children's perioperative pain | |
Introduction | |
Preparing and teaching children and parents about pain | |
Agency, education and training of health care professionals | |
Assessing children's pain | |
Core approaches to pain assessment | |
What tools to consider using with particular groups of children | |
Non-pharmacological interventions | |
Overview of pharmacological intervention | |
Routes of administration | |
Other local anaesthetic infusions | |
Discharge home | |
Conclusion | |
References | |
Surgical procedures on children | |
Introduction | |
Common surgical procedures performed on children | |
Acknowledgement | |
References | |
Day surgery for children | |
Day procedure centres | |
Pre-admission preparation | |
Admission to the day procedure centre: preparations for surgery | |
Compartment syndrome | |
Admission to theatre | |
Ward stage recovery: post-operative care | |
Conclusion: support at home | |
References | |
Anaesthesia in children | |
Introduction: What is anaesthesia? | |
The anaesthetic nurse | |
Children undergoing anaesthesia | |
Anaesthetic equipment | |
Airways | |
Anaesthesia | |
Analgesia | |
Patient preparation | |
Fasting | |
Premedication | |
Loose teeth and nail polish | |
Hearing aids and glasses | |
Jewellery | |
Preparation prior to patient arrival | |
Patient arrival in theatre | |
Induction | |
Rapid sequence induction | |
Fluids | |
Monitoring | |
Documentation | |
Anaesthetic emergencies | |
Anaphylaxis | |
Suxamethonium apnoea | |
Malignant hyperthermia | |
Emergence | |
Regional anaesthesia | |
References | |
The paediatric post-anaesthetic care unit | |
Introduction | |
In the PPACU | |
The post-operative environment | |
Oxygen delivery | |
Suction | |
Physiological assessment and management of the paediatric post-anaesthesia patient | |
A - Airway management and B - Breathing | |
Respiratory complications and nursing interventions | |
C - Circulation | |
Thermoregulation and temperature abnormalities | |
Post-operative nausea and vomiting | |
Pain management in the PPACU | |
Infection control | |
Fluid and electrolyte balance | |
Wounds and dressings | |
Patient positioning | |
Latex allergy | |
Children with epilepsy | |
Delayed emergence | |
Emergence delirium | |
Discharge of the patient from the PPACU | |
Psychological assessment | |
References | |
Fetal surgery | |
Introduction | |
History | |
The risks of fetal surgery | |
Fetal conditions amenable to fetal surgery | |
Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) | |
The future | |
References | |
Perioperative care of children with burns | |
Introduction | |
History | |
Epidemiology of burns in children | |
A multidisciplinary service approach | |
Clinical assessment of burn severity | |
A - Airway | |
B - Breathing | |
C - Circulation | |
D - Neurological disability | |
E - Exposure with environment control | |
Classification of burn depth | |
Determination of burn depth | |
Laser Doppler scanning | |
Electrical burns | |
Chemical burns | |
Calculation of burn surface area | |
Management | |
Burn wound care | |
Preparation for theatre | |
Pain management via acute pain service | |
Post-operative care | |
Physiotherapy | |
Infection control | |
Toxic shock syndrome | |
Tetanus | |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive children | |
Scar management | |
Discharge planning | |
References | |
Paediatric transplantation | |
Introduction | |
Becoming an organ donor | |
Types of donation | |
Role of the transplant co-ordinator | |
Donor care and management | |
Making the donation request | |
Preoperative care of a potential paediatric donor | |
Perioperative care | |
Recipient management and care | |
Cardiothoracic organs | |
Immediate post-operative care | |
Liver | |
Kidneys | |
Small bowel, liver and multivisceral | |
Reducing the risk of rejection of the new organ | |
Longer-term post-operative care | |
The future | |
References | |
Further reading | |
The care of children having endoscopic procedures | |
Introduction | |
The perioperative nurse's role | |
Preparing children for endoscopic procedures | |
Perioperative care | |
Service perspectives | |
Equipment for MIS and endoscopy | |
Conclusion | |
References | |
Ethical and legal issues in paediatric perioperative care | |
Patients' rights | |
Self-determination | |
Privacy | |
Confidentiality | |
Consent | |
Legal perspectives | |
Medical futility | |
Conclusion | |
References | |
Index | |
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