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9780312138974

The World of Texas Politics

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780312138974

  • ISBN10:

    0312138970

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 1997-08-15
  • Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Table of Contents

Preface ix
About the Authors xi
Introduction: Models of Politics and Critical Thinking 1(1)
Three Maps, One State: Models for Understanding Texas Politics
1(6)
Pluralism
2(2)
Hyperpluralism
4(1)
Elitism
5(2)
Critical Thinking
7(2)
A Three-Stage Approach to Critical Thinking
7(1)
Critical Thinking Applied to Politics
8(1)
Getting Informed
9(2)
Contacting Government Leaders
10(1)
The Internet
10(1)
Printed Sources
10(1)
Notes
11(1)
Additional Reading
12(1)
The History, Culture, and Economy of Texas
13(26)
A Tale of Two Texans
13(1)
Historical Background
14(2)
Political Culture
16(4)
Political History
20(1)
Demographics
21(15)
Population Growth and Change
21(4)
Consequences of Population Demographics
25(3)
Economic Characteristics of Texas
28(3)
The Texas Economic Base
31(5)
Summary and Conclusion
36(1)
The End of the Tale
36(1)
Notes
37(1)
Additional Reading
38(1)
Federalism and the Texas Constitution
39(25)
A Tale of Two Jurisdictions
39(2)
The Federal System
41(11)
States in the Constitution
41(2)
National Government in the Constitution
43(1)
Centralization by Interpretation
44(4)
Federalism in the 1990s
48(1)
Texas in the Federal System
49(3)
The Texas Constitution
52(8)
Constitutional Government
52(1)
Texas Constitutions:1836-1875
53(1)
The Texas Constitution of 1876
54(3)
Constitutional Revision
57(3)
Summary and Conclusion
60(1)
The End of the Tale
61(1)
Notes
61(1)
Additional Reading
62(2)
Political Parties and Elections
64(28)
A Tale of Two Elections
64(1)
Political Party History
64(3)
United States
64(1)
Texas
65(2)
Political Ideology
67(1)
Public Opinion
68(1)
Party Structure
69(10)
Permanent Party Organization
69(1)
Temporary Party Organization
70(2)
The Party in Government
72(1)
The Party in the Electorate
73(6)
Campaigns
79(3)
Testing the Water
80(1)
Organization
80(1)
Campaign Finance
81(1)
Elections
82(7)
Voter Qualifications
82(1)
Primary and General Elections
83(1)
Party Competition
83(4)
General Election Turnout
87(2)
Summary and Conclusion
89(2)
The End of the Tale
91(1)
Notes
91(1)
Additional Reading
91(1)
Interest Groups in Texas Politics
92(20)
A Tale of Woe
92(2)
Interest Groups: An American Tradition
94(1)
What Are Interest Groups?
95(1)
Interest Group Techniques
96(2)
Electioneering
96(1)
Legislative Lobbying
96(1)
Administrative Lobbying
97(1)
Litigation
97(1)
Public Education
97(1)
Interest Groups and the Three Models
98(2)
Interest Groups in Texas
100(3)
The Seventy-fourth Texas Legislature: A Case Study in Interest Group Politics
103(6)
Organized Labor
104(1)
Business
105(2)
Local Government, Sports, and Entertainment
107(1)
Unsuccessful Efforts by Economic Interests
108(1)
Summary and Conclusion
109(1)
The End of the Tale
110(1)
Notes
110(1)
Additional Reading
111(1)
The Legislature
112(49)
A Tale of Two Legislatures
112(1)
Overview
113(1)
What Do Legislatures Do?
114(7)
Lawmaking
114(1)
Budgeting
115(1)
Representation
116(2)
Executive Responsibilities: Approving Nominations and Administrative Oversight
118(2)
Amending the State Constitution
120(1)
Investigations and Informing/Educating the Public
120(1)
Impeachment
121(1)
The Legislators: Texans Writ Large?
121(5)
Terms, Qualifications, and Pay
121(1)
Who Are the Legislators?
122(4)
Selection
126(6)
Recruitment
126(1)
Nomination
127(1)
Election
128(1)
Reapportionment
128(4)
Operation of the Legislature: The Formal and the Informal
132(19)
The Organizational Environment
132(4)
The Leadership: Power at the Top
136(7)
Committees: The Little Legislatures
143(3)
Organizing the Members: Parties and Caucuses
146(2)
Players from Outside the Legislature
148(3)
Rules and Procedures: How a Bill Becomes a Law
151(5)
Formal Steps to Passage
152(2)
Informal Rules and Procedures
154(1)
Legislative Politics: Who Wins, Who Pays?
155(1)
How Does the Legislature Compare?
156(1)
Summary and Conclusion
156(2)
The End of the Tale
158(1)
Notes
158(2)
Additional Reading
160(1)
The Governor
161(32)
A Tale of Walking Tall and Carrying a Little Stick
161(2)
History of the Office
163(5)
Constitutional Powers and Organizational Structure of the Executive Branch
168(2)
Qualifications, Tenure, and Compensation
170(3)
Qualifications
170(1)
Tenure
171(1)
Compensation
172(1)
Gubernatorial Succession
172(1)
Impeachment and Removal
172(1)
Electing the Governor
173(1)
Powers and Responsibilities
174(13)
Staff and Administration
174(1)
Formal Powers
175(7)
Informal Powers
182(5)
Summary and Conclusion
187(1)
The End of the Tale
188(1)
Notes
189(3)
Additional Reading
192(1)
The Executive Branch
193(24)
A Tale of Helpful Bureaucratic Red Tape
193(1)
The Elected Executives
194(7)
Lieutenant Governor
194(1)
Attorney General
195(2)
Comptroller of Public Accounts
197(2)
Treasurer
199(1)
Commissioner of Agriculture
200(1)
Commissioner of the General Land Office
200(1)
Executive Branch Officials Appointed by the Governor
201(2)
Secretary of State
201(1)
Adjutant General
201(1)
Executive Director, Department of Commerce
202(1)
Commissioner of Insurance
202(1)
Texas Boards and Commissions
203(5)
Constitutional Boards and Commissions
204(2)
Other Boards and Commissions
206(2)
State Service Agencies
208(1)
Office of State-Federal Relations
208(1)
Sunset Advisory Commission
209(1)
Bond Review Board
209(1)
The Bureaucracy
209(2)
Summary and Conclusion
211(2)
The End of the Tale
213(1)
Notes
214(2)
Additional Reading
216(1)
The Judiciary
217(27)
A Tale of Two Courts
217(1)
The Third Branch of Government
218(3)
Courts as Political Institutions
218(1)
Safeguards against Bias
219(2)
Texas Judicial Structure
221(5)
Municipal Courts
221(1)
Justice of the Peace Courts
221(2)
Constitutional Country Courts
223(1)
Statutory County Courts
223(1)
District Courts
223(1)
Courts of Appeals
223(1)
Court of Criminal Appeals
224(1)
Texas Supreme Court
224(1)
U.S. Supreme Court
225(1)
Judicial Administration
226(1)
Court Workload
226(3)
Criminal Procedure
229(4)
Violation
229(1)
Investigation
230(1)
Indictment, Arraignment, and Pleading
230(1)
Trial and Sentencing
231(1)
Appeal
232(1)
Culmination of the Criminal Process
233(1)
Juvenile Procedure
233(1)
Civil Procedure
234(2)
Origination
234(1)
Preliminary Procedure
235(1)
Trial
235(1)
Appeal
236(1)
Judicial Reform
236(2)
Simplified Structures
236(1)
Selection
237(1)
Politics of the Civil Justice System
238(2)
Business Interests
238(1)
Plaintiffs and Attorneys
238(1)
Civil Justice Reform
239(1)
Summary and Conclusion
240(1)
The End of the Tale
241(1)
Notes
241(1)
Additional Reading
242(2)
Local Governments
244(30)
A Tale of Three Cities
244(2)
An Overview
246(3)
Types of Local Government
246(2)
Federalism and Local Government
248(1)
Municipalities
249(7)
Mayor-Council Form
251(1)
Council-Manager Form
252(1)
Commission Form
253(1)
Urban Reform: Does Form Affect Outcomes?
253(3)
Policy Priorities among Texas Cities
256(1)
Counties
256(8)
County Organization: Dispersing Power and Responsibility
257(4)
A Very Limited Government
261(1)
County Services: The Old and the New
262(2)
Special Districts
264(2)
School Districts
266(3)
Federalism and Education
267(1)
The Independent School District
267(2)
Summary and Conclusion
269(1)
The End of the Tale
270(1)
Notes
271(2)
Additional Reading
273(1)
Texas Taxes and Revenue
274(36)
A Tale of Texas Taxes and Constitutional Smoke
274(1)
Introduction
275(2)
Economic Overview
277(4)
National Revenue Patterns
281(2)
Personal Income Tax
281(1)
Social Insurance Taxes
282(1)
Corporate Income Tax
282(1)
Other National Taxes
283(1)
Texas Taxes and Revenue
283(3)
Constitutional Basis of Texas Taxes
284(1)
State Actors
284(2)
Sources of State Revenue
286(6)
Personal Income Tax: Not!
288(1)
Sales Tax
289(1)
Corporate Franchise Taxes
289(1)
Severance Taxes
290(1)
Excise and Earmarked Taxes
290(1)
Insurance, Hotel/Motel Occupancy, Utility, and Inheritance Taxes
291(1)
Other Taxes
292(1)
Criteria for Evaluating the Tax Structure
292(4)
Benefits Received
292(1)
Ability to Pay: Effective Tax Rates---Progressive, Regressive, and Proportional Taxes
292(1)
Tax Elasticity
293(1)
Tax Diversity and Stability
293(2)
Tax Administration and Compliance
295(1)
Tax Burdens and Economic Distortion
296(1)
Other Sources of Revenue
296(5)
Intergovernmental Transfers
296(2)
Fees, Fines, and Penalties
298(1)
Public Lands and Mineral Rights
298(1)
The Texas Lottery
298(1)
Dividends on Investments
299(1)
Other Sources of Income
300(1)
Borrowing: General Obligation and Revenue Bonds
300(1)
Local Government Taxation and Revenue Sources
301(4)
Property Taxes
302(2)
Local-Option Sales Tax and Other Revenue Sources
304(1)
Summary and Conclusion
305(1)
The End of the Tale
306(1)
Notes
307(2)
Additional Reading
309(1)
The Texas Budget and Public Policy
310(38)
A Tale of Jumping the Gun on Major Expenditures
310(1)
Politics and Budgeting
311(3)
Texas Constitutional and Statutory Budget Provisions
314(1)
Pay-as-You-Go Limit
314(1)
State Debt Limit
314(1)
Welfare Spending Limit
315(1)
Appropriations Growth Limit
315(1)
Budget Execution Limits
315(1)
Important Budget Actors
315(5)
Legislature
316(1)
Governor, Line-Item Veto, and Executive Budget
316(1)
Lieutenant Governor, Speaker, and Legislative Budget Board
317(1)
State Comptroller
318(1)
State Treasurer
319(1)
State Auditor
319(1)
Legislative Audit Committee
319(1)
Sunset Advisory Commission
319(1)
Bond Review Board
320(1)
The Budget Process and Budget Management
320(6)
Stages of the Budget Process
320(1)
The Budget Format
321(2)
Budget Organization and the Fiscal Year
323(1)
Types of Budgets: Operating and Capital
323(1)
Management, Control, and State Funds
324(2)
State Contingency, or Rainy Day, Funds
326(1)
Overview of Texas's Expenditures
326(5)
Texas's Largest Policy Expenditures
331(12)
Education
331(3)
Health Services
334(4)
Welfare
338(2)
Prisons and Juvenile Offender Programs
340(3)
Summary and Conclusion
343(1)
The End of the Tale
344(1)
Notes
345(2)
Additional Reading
347(1)
Texas Politics and the Future
348(13)
Introduction
348(1)
Political Changes
348(2)
Changes in Criminal Justice
350(1)
Economic Changes
351(1)
Education Trends
352(1)
Demographic Trends
353(1)
Significant Issues and Unresolved Problems
354(3)
Infrastructure Needs
354(1)
Tax Reform
355(1)
Changes in the Economy
356(1)
Cultural Diversity and Affirmative Action
356(1)
Summary and Conclusion
357(3)
Notes
360(1)
Additional Reading
360(1)
Index 361

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