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9780582368712

Tourism and Leisure Research Methods

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780582368712

  • ISBN10:

    0582368715

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2000-08-01
  • Publisher: Longman Pub Group

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

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Summary

This practical guide for undergraduate and HND/C students of Leisure and Tourism provides the tools to recognise and produce good research. It delivers a highly readable demonstration of the methods needed to achieve impressive qualitative and quantitative research. It will enable readers to successfully evaluate their own tourism and leisure research and the research of others. The book focuses on the key concepts of reliability, validity and representativeness. Extensive examples throughout the book highlight the techniques and theory described, and provide the inspiration for readers to generate ideas for new research projects. The book is directly focused on tourism and leisure examples. A step-by-step guide takes students through the use of SPSS for Windows and an SPSS data file is included; end of chapter exercises test student understanding of the material; and numerous suggestions for further research activity direct the reader to additional sources.

Table of Contents

List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xiii
Preface and Acknowledgements xv
SPSS for Windows xviii
Introducing Research
1(12)
Learning Outcomes
1(1)
Introduction
1(1)
What is research?
2(1)
Types of research
3(1)
Research styles
4(1)
Research traditions
5(3)
Quantitative or qualitative research?
8(1)
Combining methods
8(2)
Summary
10(1)
Student Activities
11(1)
References
12(1)
Methodology and Research Design
13(12)
Learning Outcomes
13(1)
The importance of theory
13(2)
Deduction: concepts, variables and hypotheses
15(2)
Concepts and models from leisure and tourism
17(2)
Induction and grounded theory
19(1)
Same topic: different approach?
20(2)
Theory and method in tourism and leisure research
22(1)
Summary
22(1)
Student Activities
23(1)
References
23(2)
Evaluating Research
25(15)
Learning Outcomes
25(1)
Two different research styles
25(3)
Reliability and validity
28(1)
Sample evaluations
29(7)
Ethical considerations in research
36(1)
Summary
37(1)
Student Activities
38(1)
References
39(1)
Secondary Data Analysis in Leisure and Tourism Research
40(27)
Learning Activities
40(1)
Introduction
40(1)
What is secondary data analysis?
40(1)
The potential of secondary data analysis in leisure and tourism research
41(1)
Secondary data for leisure and tourism
42(1)
International tourism data
43(1)
UK government statistics on tourism
43(3)
Commercial sources of tourism data
46(1)
International leisure data
47(3)
UK government statistics on leisure
50(3)
Commercial sources of leisure data
53(1)
Using the Internet as a source of secondary data
53(4)
The advantages of secondary data analysis
57(1)
Problems and issues in undertaking secondary data analysis
58(3)
Evaluating secondary data
61(2)
Summary
63(1)
Student Activities
63(1)
Useful addresses
64(1)
References
65(2)
Qualitative Methods
67(19)
Learning Outcomes
67(1)
Ethnography
67(1)
The case for qualitative method
68(1)
Characteristics of ethnographic research
69(1)
Methods of data collection
70(2)
Examples from leisure and tourism research
72(1)
Interviewing
73(3)
Life histories
76(2)
Focus groups
78(1)
Personal diaries
79(2)
Case Studies
81(1)
Summary
82(1)
Student Activities
82(1)
References
83(3)
Social Surveys
86(22)
Learning Outcomes
86(1)
Introduction
86(2)
Identifying the purpose: descriptive or analytical?
88(1)
The importance of the literature review
89(1)
Techniques of duty collection
90(1)
Face-to-face interviews
91(1)
Postal surveys
92(1)
Telephone surveys
93(1)
Designing the research instrument: the questionnaire
93(1)
General issues associated with questionnaire design
94(1)
Question types
95(1)
Question scaling
95(1)
General rules in question design
96(4)
Demographic questions
100(1)
Survey instructions
101(1)
Pre-testing survey instruments
101(1)
Piloting the survey
102(1)
A final word about response rates
102(2)
Some analytical issues
104(1)
Summary
104(1)
Student Activities
105(1)
References
106(2)
Sampling Techniques
108(26)
Learning Outcomes
108(1)
Introduction
108(3)
Sampling strategies
111(1)
Types of probability sample
112(4)
Types of non probability sampling
116(3)
Sources of error with sampling
119(1)
Degrees of confidence
120(3)
Determining sample size
123(3)
The effect of non-sampling errors
126(1)
Summary
126(1)
Student Activities
127(5)
References
132(2)
The Analysis of Qualitative Data - Content Analysis and Semiological Analysis
134(29)
Learning Outcomes
134(1)
Introduction
134(1)
What is content analysis?
134(1)
Conducting content analysis research
135(4)
The use of content analysis in tourism research
139(2)
Analysing textual material
141(4)
The use of textual analysis in tourism research
145(4)
What is semiological analysis?
149(3)
The use of semiological analysis in tourism research
152(4)
The use of computers in qualitative data analysis
156(1)
Evaluating content and semiological analysis
157(3)
Summary
160(1)
Student Activities
161(1)
References
162(1)
Summarising Data - Descriptive Statistics and the Graphical Presentation of Data
163(24)
Learning Outcomes
163(1)
Introduction
163(1)
Types of variable
164(2)
Setting up an SPSS data file
166(1)
Defining the variables
167(1)
Data entry in SPSS
167(1)
Summarising data: tables and graphs
167(1)
Tables
167(2)
Frequency distributions
169(2)
Using SPSS to generate frequency distributions
171(1)
Simple bar charts
172(1)
Compound bar charts
172(1)
Using SPSS to draw bar charts
172(1)
Histograms
173(1)
Using SPSS to draw histograms
173(1)
Pie charts
174(1)
Using SPSS to draw pie charts
175(1)
Line graphs
175(2)
Selecting cases for analysis
177(1)
Using SPSS to calculate a new variable
177(1)
Statistical ways of summarising data
178(1)
Measures of location (the average)
178(2)
Measures of dispersion
180(2)
The normal distribution and skewness
182(3)
Using SPSS to calculate measures of location, measures of dispersion and skew
185(1)
Summary
185(1)
Student Activities
186(1)
References
186(1)
Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis
187(28)
Learning Outcomes
187(1)
Introduction
187(1)
What is `association'?
188(1)
Independent and dependent variables
188(1)
Cross-tabulation and the percentage difference
189(2)
Alternative measures of association for contingency tables
191(1)
The phi coefficient
192(1)
Cramer's V
192(2)
Looking at associations with numerical data
194(3)
Correlation coefficients
197(1)
The assumptions of Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC)
198(1)
The Spearman's Rank. Correlation Coefficient
199(1)
The difference between correlation and causation
200(1)
Regression
200(1)
Evaluating the success of the regression model
201(2)
Exploring the residuals and improving the model
203(1)
Multivariate extension of the model
204(4)
Final comment on linear regression models
208(1)
Trend extrapolation
208(1)
Trend curve analysis
208(3)
Final comment on general linear multivariate models
211(1)
Summary
211(1)
Student Activities
212(1)
References
213(2)
Inferential Statistic
215(17)
Learning Outcomes
215(1)
Introduction
215(1)
Inferential statistics
215(1)
Types of inferential statistics
216(1)
What do inferential statistics do?
216(1)
The hypothesis testing procedure
217(1)
Testing the significance of Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient
218(2)
Significance tests of difference
220(1)
The student's t-test
220(3)
Different types of t-test
223(1)
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
223(1)
The Mann Whitney U test
224(2)
The chi-square test
226(1)
A one-sample test
227(1)
Two-sample test
227(1)
Multi-sample test
227(1)
Restrictions in the use of the chi-square test
227(2)
Social significance and statistical significance
229(1)
Summary
229(1)
Student Activities
230(1)
References
231(1)
Writing a Research Report
232(18)
Learning Outcomes
232(1)
Introduction
232(1)
Structuring your research report
233(5)
Referencing your sources
238(1)
Which system of referencing should I use?
239(2)
A list of references or a bibliography
241(1)
Constructing a list of references or a bibliography
241(2)
Referencing electronic sources of information
243(1)
Organising your references
244(1)
Managing your time
245(1)
Language, style and presentation
246(2)
Final thoughts
248(1)
References
249(1)
Appendices 250(23)
1 Random numbers
250(2)
2 Questionnaire used in the Hadrian's Wall Survey 1997
252(3)
3 Variables used in the sample data file
255(4)
4 Sample data file
259(14)
Answers 273(10)
Index 283

Supplemental Materials

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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