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9780534348373

Meeting Physical and Health Needs of Children with Disabilities Teaching Student Participation and Management

by ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780534348373

  • ISBN10:

    0534348378

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2000-03-20
  • Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Summary

This book teaches pre-service special education teachers how to teach children with physical disabilities and health impairments (i.e., orthopedic impairments, visual impairments, deaf-blindness, etc.). Heller and her co-authors practically illustrate how to effectively monitor students' health, assist students in providing their own care, and intervene if significant health-related problems occur in the classroom. This text includes a wide variety of techniques for meeting the student's physical and health needs, including how to position the student for optimal instruction, lifting and handling procedures, feeding techniques, and how to work with health-related apparatus and medications.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
About the Authors xix
PART I INSTRUCTIONAL AND HEALTH ISSUES 1(96)
Promoting Health in Students with Disabilities
3(22)
Description of Health Problems and Their Impact
4(7)
mental Health Issues
4(1)
Social Health Issues
5(1)
Physical Health Issues
5(6)
Equipment, Assistive Strategies, and Instructional Strategies
11(4)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment to Address health Concerns
11(1)
Assistive Strategies to Address Health Concerns
12(2)
Instructional Strategies for Physical Management, Self-Help, and Health Procedures
14(1)
Management Issues
15(9)
IHP and IEP
15(2)
Guidelines and Legal Implications
17(2)
Training Issues
19(3)
Infection Control
22(2)
Summary
24(1)
Promoting Independence through the Use of Instructional Strategies
25(28)
Assessment and Content Selection
26(4)
Ecological Inventory
27(3)
Discrepancy Analysis
30(6)
Performing a Task Analysis
30(1)
Observing and Scoring Performance
30(3)
Recording Student Errors and Doing a Performance Discrepancy
33(1)
Providing Instruction, Adaptations, or Alternate Performance Strategies
34(2)
Instructional Strategies
36(10)
Antecedent Prompts
37(3)
Learning Strategies
40(1)
Response Prompts
41(4)
Demonstration-Guided Practice-Independent Practice Model
45(1)
Collecting Data
46(3)
Error Correction and Analysis
49(1)
Error Correction
49(1)
Error Analysis
49(1)
Expanding Instruction
50(2)
Entry Level
51(1)
Acquisition
51(1)
Proficiency
51(1)
Maintenance
51(1)
Generalization
51(1)
Application
51(1)
Summary
52(1)
Communication for Physical and Health Needs
53(14)
Description of Augmentative Communication
54(1)
Nonsymbolic Communication
54(1)
Nonaided Symbolic Communication
54(1)
Aided Symbolic Communication
55(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for AAC
55(3)
Assistive Strategies to Promote Communication
58(6)
Accessing Communication Boards and Devices
58(2)
Vocabular Selection
60(4)
Instructional Strategies for AAC
64(2)
Summary
66(1)
Medications and Procedures for Administration
67(30)
Description of Medications and Administration Considerations
70(5)
Permission to Administer Medication at School
70(2)
Receiving and Storing Medication
72(1)
Safety Precautions for Administration
72(3)
Documentation of Administration
75(1)
Equipment and Assistive Strategies for Medication Administration
75(14)
Oral Administration
77(1)
Feeding Tube Administration
78(1)
Topical Administration
79(1)
Respiratory Administration
79(4)
Nasal Administration
83(1)
Ocular Administration (Eye Drops and Eye Ointments)
84(1)
Otic Administration (Ear Drops)
85(2)
Rectal Administration
87(1)
Administration by Injection
88(1)
Indwelling Continuous Pumps
88(1)
Instructional Strategies
89(1)
Problems and Emergencies
90(4)
Side Effects
90(1)
Allergic Reaction
90(1)
Tolerance
90(1)
Physical Dependence
90(3)
Missed Dosage and Overmedication
93(1)
Incomplete Administration
94(1)
Wrong Medication or Dose
94(1)
Choking
94(1)
Management Issues
94(2)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
94(1)
Medications Taken as Needed (p.r.n.)
95(1)
Summary
96(1)
PART II PHYSICAL AND MANAGEMENT SKILLS 97(84)
Lifting, Carrying, and Transferring
99(18)
Description of Lifting, Carrying, and Transferring
100(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Lifting and Transferring
100(3)
Mechanical Lifts
100(1)
Assistive Transfer Devices
101(2)
Assistive Strategies for Lifting, Carrying, and Transferring
103(9)
Handling Considerations Prior to Lifting
103(1)
Lifting Considerations
103(1)
Body Mechanics for Proper Lifting
104(1)
Types of Lifting
105(4)
Transfer Considerations
109(1)
Assisted Standing Transfer
110(2)
Instructional Strategies for Lifting
112(2)
Teaching Students to Perform Independent Transfers/Task Analysis
112(1)
Teaching Students to Life and Handle Items
113(1)
Lifting Problems and Emergencies
114(1)
Dropping a Student
114(1)
Back Pain
114(1)
Management Issues for Lifting and Transferring
115(1)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
115(1)
Planning for Multi-Person Transfers
115(1)
Summary
116(1)
Proper Handling and Positioning
117(32)
Muscle Tone and Primitive Reflexes
117(2)
Hypertonia
118(1)
Hypotonia
118(1)
Fluctuating and Mixed Tone
118(1)
Primitive Reflexes
119(1)
Purpose and Goals of Proper Handling and Positioning
119(2)
Description of Principles of Handling
121(1)
Assistive Strategies for Therapeutic Handling
122(3)
Inhibition Techniques
122(1)
Stimulation Techniques
123(2)
Principles of Positioning
125(1)
Supine Positioning
126(2)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment
126(1)
Assistive Strategies
127(1)
Side-Lying Positioning
128(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment
128(1)
Assistive Strategies
129(1)
Prone Positioning
129(2)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment
129(2)
Assistive Strategies
131(1)
Sitting Positioning
131(5)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment
131(4)
Assitive Strategies
135(1)
Standing
136(3)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment
136(3)
Assistive Strategies
139(1)
Assistive Strategies for Transitioning between Positions
139(1)
Positioning Materials
140(4)
Object Manipulation Requirements
140(1)
Object Modifications
140(1)
Positioning the Student
140(1)
Range of Motion
141(1)
Work Surface Modifications
142(1)
Positioning Devices
142(1)
Fatigue and Endurance Levels
143(1)
Instructional Strategies for Handling and Positioning
144(1)
Handling and Positioning Problems and Emergencies
145(1)
Pain and Discomfort
145(1)
Dropping a Child
145(1)
Management Issues for Handling and Positioning
145(3)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
145(2)
Tracking Implementation
147(1)
Summary
148(1)
Mobility
149(32)
Description of Mobility Considerations
150(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Mobility
151(12)
Walkers
153(1)
Crutches and Canes
154(2)
Wheelchairs
156(2)
Other Mobility Devices
158(3)
Other Assistive Technologies for Mobility
161(2)
Assistive Strategies to Promote Mobility
163(13)
Rolling
163(2)
Crawling
165(1)
Creeping
166(2)
Scooting
168(2)
Crusing
170(3)
Walking
173(2)
Wheeling
175(1)
Instructional Strategies for Mobility
176(1)
Mobility Problems and Emergencies
177(1)
Falls
177(1)
Skin Breakdown from Mobility Equipment
178(1)
Management Issues for Mobility
178(2)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
178(1)
Time Constraints Regarding Mobility
178(2)
Summary
180(1)
PART III BASIC SELF-HELP SKILLS AND RELATED HEALTH PROCEDURES 181(126)
Eating and Feeding Techniques
183(37)
Factors Affecting Eating and Feeding
186(4)
Developmental Readiness
186(1)
Oral Motor Competency
186(1)
Sensory Awareness and Discrimination
187(1)
Medical Stability
187(1)
Positive Practice
187(1)
Environmental Factors
187(1)
Positioning and Motor Control
188(2)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Feeding and Eating
190(2)
Spoons
190(1)
Gripping Utensils
190(1)
Sandwich Holders
190(1)
Snack Cap
191(1)
Stability of Bowls and Plates
191(1)
Mechanical Feeders
192(1)
Assistive Strategies for Feeding
192(6)
Strategies for Lip Movement
192(1)
Strategies for Lip Closure
193(1)
Strategies for Jaw Closure
193(2)
Strategies for Jaw Control While Chewing
195(1)
Strategies for Activating Cheek Muscles for Chewing
195(1)
Strategies for Developing Tongue Lateralization for Chewing
196(1)
Strategies to Develop Swallowing
197(1)
Procedure for Feeding
197(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Eating
198(5)
Teaching Utensil Use
199(2)
Teaching Eating Finger Foods
201(1)
Strategies for Changing Textures
202(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Drinking
203(1)
Cups
203(1)
Straws
204(1)
Assistive Strategies for Drinking
204(2)
Positioning
205(1)
Cup Placement
205(1)
Lip Control
205(1)
Jaw Support
205(1)
Thickness of Fluid
205(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Drinking
206(4)
Cup Drinking
206(1)
Considerations When Using Physical Guidance for Cup Drinking
206(1)
Straw Drinking
207(3)
Eating and Feeding Problems and Emergencies
210(5)
Oral Tactile Defensiveness and Lack of Tactile Response
210(1)
Tongue Thrust
210(1)
Tonic Bite and Unsustained Bite Reflexes
211(2)
Hypersensitive Gagging/Choking
213(1)
Gastroesophageal Reflux
214(1)
Aspiration
214(1)
Allergies
215(1)
Management Issues for Feeding and Eating
215(4)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
215(1)
Nutrition and Hydration
216(3)
Special Diets and Restrictions
219(1)
Summary
219(1)
Tube Feeding
220(23)
Description of Tube Feeding
221(4)
Description of Feeding Routes
221(3)
Types of Tube-Feeding Formulas
224(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Performing Tube Feeding
225(2)
Assistive Strategies for Performing Tube Feeding
227(7)
Preparing for Tube Feeding
227(1)
Inserting the Tube
228(1)
Verifying Placement and Residual Volume
228(1)
Procedure for Intermittent Feeding
229(2)
Procedure for Continuous Feeding
231(2)
Care of Equipment
233(1)
Daily Care
233(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Tube Feeding
234(1)
Time-Limited Steps and Caution Steps
235(1)
Tube Feeding Problems and Emergencies
235(4)
Aspiration
236(1)
Tube Displacement
236(1)
Nausea, Vomiting, and Cramping
237(1)
Diarrhea
237(1)
Site Infection
238(1)
Leaking of Stomach Contents
238(1)
Clogged Tube
238(1)
Management Issues for Tube Feeding
239(3)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
239(2)
Moving to Feeding
241(1)
Summary
242(1)
Toilet Training
243(22)
Description of Toilet Training
246(1)
Assistive Devices for Toilet Training
247(2)
Adaptive Toilets
248(1)
Other Adaptive Devices
249(1)
Assistive Strategies for Toilet Training
249(2)
Environmental Arrangement
249(1)
Transfers
250(1)
Positioning
250(1)
Abdominal Massage
251(1)
Medications
251(1)
Instructional Strategies for Toilet Training
251(7)
General Techniques for Toilet Training
251(2)
Trip-Training Method
253(1)
Pretraining Date
254(3)
Bowel Training
257(1)
Toileting Problems and Emergencies
258(2)
Urinary Tract Infection
258(1)
Constipation
258(1)
Impaction
258(1)
Diarrhea
258(1)
Overhydration
259(1)
Intestinal Parasites
259(1)
Skin Breakdown
259(1)
Pica and Fecal Smearing
259(1)
Management Issues for Toilet Training
260(4)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
260(1)
Augmentative Communication
261(1)
Diet
262(1)
Activity Level
262(1)
Sex of Personnel Assisting the Student
263(1)
Toilet Training in Inclusive School Settings and the Community
263(1)
Summary
264(1)
Urinary Catheterization and Urinary Collection Devices
265(24)
Description of Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC)
267(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for CIC
268(1)
Assistive Strategies for Clean Intermittent Catheterization
269(4)
Preparing for CIC
269(1)
Procedure for CIC
270(3)
Care of CIC Equipment and Daily Care
273(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for CIC
273(3)
Time-Limited Steps and Caution Steps
275(1)
Student Guidelines
276(1)
CIC Problems and Emergencies
276(2)
Infection
276(1)
Inability to Pass the Catheter
276(1)
Omission of Catheterization
277(1)
No Urine on Catheterization
277(1)
Urine between Catheterizations
277(1)
Soreness, Swelling, and Discharge
277(1)
Bleeding
277(1)
Description of Crede
278(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Crede
278(1)
Assistive Strategies for Crede
278(1)
Preparing for Crede
278(1)
Procedure for Crede
278(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Crede
279(1)
Crede Problems and Emergencies
280(1)
Infection
280(1)
Injury
280(1)
Description of the External Urinary Catheter
280(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for External Urinary Catheters
281(1)
Assistive Strategies for Using an External Urinary Catheter
281(3)
Preparing for Using an External Urinary Catheter
281(1)
Procedure for Putting on an External Urinary Catheter (Condom Type)
281(2)
Care of the External Urinary Catheter Equipment and Daily Care
283(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Using an External Urinary Catheter
284(1)
External Urinary Catheter Problems and Emergencies
284(1)
Infection
284(1)
Erection While Putting on the Catheter
284(1)
Skin Breakdown
284(1)
Description for Use of an Indwelling Catheter
284(1)
Assistive Strategies for Indwelling Catheterization
285(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Indwelling Catheterization
285(1)
Indwelling Catheterization Problems and Emergencies
285(1)
Infection
285(1)
Accidental Removal of the Catheter
286(1)
Management Issues for Urinary Catheterization and Use of Collection Devices
286(2)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
286(1)
Diet and Fluid Intake
286(1)
Sex of Personnel Assisting Student
286(2)
Summary
288(1)
Colostomies and Other Ostomies
289(18)
Description of Ostomies
290(3)
Nephrostomies and Ureterostomies
290(1)
Ileostomies and Jejunostomies
291(1)
Colostomies and Cecostomies
292(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Ostomies
293(2)
Assistive Strategies for Ostomies
295(4)
Preparation for Emptying a Colostomy Bag
296(1)
Procedure for Emptying a Colostomy Bag
296(1)
Preparation for Changing a Colostomy Bag
297(1)
Procedure for Changing a Colostomy Bag
297(2)
Care of Equipment and Daily Care
299(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Emptying and Changing a Colostomy Bag
299(2)
Time-Limited Steps and Caution Steps
301(1)
Colostomy Problems and Emergencies
301(2)
Gas and Odor
301(1)
Leakage
302(1)
Skin Problems around the Stoma
302(1)
Bleeding from the Stoma
302(1)
Diarrhea or Vomiting
303(1)
Obstruction
303(1)
Changes in the Appearance of the Stoma
303(1)
Management Issues for Ostomies
303(3)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
303(2)
Diet and Exercise
305(1)
Emotional Acceptance and Stoma Concealment
306(1)
Summary
306(1)
PART IV INSTRUCTION IN RESPIRATORY PROCEDURES 307(92)
Tracheostomies
309(25)
Description of Tracheostomies
310(2)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Tracheostomies
312(2)
Assistive Strategies for Tracheostomy Stoma Care
314(2)
Preparing for Tracheostomy Stoma Care
314(1)
Procedure for Cleaning the Tracheostomy Stoma
314(2)
Assistive Strategy for Changing the Tracheostomy Ties
316(2)
Preparing for Changing Tracheostomy Ties
316(1)
Procedure for Changing Tracheostomy Ties
317(1)
Assistive Strategy for Cleaning/Changing an Inner Cannula
318(2)
Preparing for Cleaning/Changing an Inner Cannula
318(1)
Procedure for Cleaning/Changing an Inner Cannula
319(1)
Assistive Strategy for Changing/Cleaning the Tracheostomy Tube
320(1)
Assistive Strategy for Suctioning a Tracheostomy
321
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Tracheostomies
320(4)
Tracheostomy Problems and Emergencies
324(6)
Dislodgment of the Tracheostomy Tube
324(1)
Obstruction
324(1)
CPR
325(1)
Emergency Tracheostomy Change
326(3)
Aspiration
329(1)
Falling Underwater
329(1)
Irritation or Bleeding at the Stoma
329(1)
Respiratory Infections
330(1)
Management Issues for Tracheostomies
330(3)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
330(1)
School Environment
330(2)
Activity Restrictions
332(1)
Communication
332(1)
Emergency Tracheostomy Kit for School and Travel
333(1)
Summary
333(1)
Managing Respiratory Secretions
334(30)
Chest Physiotherapy: Moving and Loosening Secretions
335(2)
Postural Drainage
335(2)
Vibration
337(1)
Coughing
337(1)
Description of Suctioning
337(2)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Suctioning
339(2)
Assistive Strategies for Tracheostomy or Nasotracheal Suctioning
341(7)
Preparing for Tracheostomy or Nasotracheal Suctioning
341(1)
Identifying the Need for Suctioning
342(1)
Procedure for Tracheostomy or Nasotracheal Suctioning
343(4)
Care of Equipment
347(1)
Assistive Strategies for Nasal and Oral Suctioning with a Straight Catheter
348(5)
Preparing for Nasal and Oral Suctioning
348(1)
Procedure for Nasal and Oral Suctioning with a Straight Catheter and Suction Machine
348(5)
Care of Equipment
353(1)
Suctioning with Other Devices
353(4)
Tonsil Tip Devices
353(1)
Bulb Syringe
354(1)
DeLee Suction Catheter
355(1)
Procedure for Suctioning with a DeLee Catheter
356(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Suctioning
357(2)
Time-Limited Steps and Caution Steps
358(1)
Suctioning Problems and Emergencies
359(1)
Ineffective Suctioning
359(1)
Obstruction
359(1)
CPR
359(1)
Reaction to Suctioning
359(1)
Bleeding
360(1)
Emotional Response to Suctioning
360(1)
Management Issues for Managing Respiratory Secretions
360(3)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
360(1)
School and Community Environment
360(3)
Summary
363(1)
Oxygen Management
364(18)
Description of Oxygen Therapy
366(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Oxygen Delivery
366(4)
Delivery Systems
366(2)
Oxygen Sources
368(2)
Humidification
370(1)
Assistive Strategies for Oxygen Delivery
370(3)
Preparing for Emergency Oxygen Delivery
370(1)
Procedure for Emergency Oxygen Delivery Using Concentrated Oxygen
371(2)
Daily Care and Equipment
373(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications for Oxygen Delivery
373(3)
Oxygen Problems and Emergencies
376(2)
Poor or No Oxygen Flow
376(1)
Alarms
377(1)
Oxygen Leak
377(1)
Hypoxia
377(1)
Overoxygenation
377(1)
CPR
378(1)
Other Complications
378(1)
Management Issues for Oxygen Delivery
378(2)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
378(1)
Environmental Arrangement for Oxygen
378(2)
Activity Restrictions
380(1)
Summary
380(2)
Ventilator Management
382(17)
Description of Ventilators
383(1)
Equipment and Adaptive Equipment for Ventilator Management
384(1)
Assistive Strategies for Ventilator Management
385(4)
General Student Care for Students Using Ventilators
385(1)
Checking the Ventilator
385(3)
Alarms
388(1)
Assistive Strategies for Changing the Ventilator Circuit
389(2)
Preparing for Changing the Ventilator Circuit
389(1)
Procedure for Changing the Ventilator Circuit
389(2)
Care of Equipment
391(1)
Instructional Strategies and Modifications
391(2)
Ventilator Problems and Emergencies
393(2)
Ventilator Malfunction
393(1)
Respiratory Distress
393(1)
CPR
394(1)
Obstruction and High-Pressure Alarm
394(1)
Air Leak/Low-Pressure Alarm
395(1)
Management Issues for Ventilators
395(3)
Individualized Health Plan and Individualized Educational Program
395(1)
Communication
395(2)
Environment
397(1)
Emotional Issues
398(1)
Summary
398(1)
References 399(11)
Glossary 410(5)
Index 415

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