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What is included with this book?
Energy and the Environment | |
Introduction | |
An Overview of this Text | |
Energy | |
Electric Power | |
Transportation Energy | |
Energy as a Commodity | |
The Environment | |
Managing Industrial Pollution | |
Bibliography | |
Global Energy Use and Supp | |
Introduction | |
Global Energy Consumption | |
Global Carbon Emissions | |
Global Energy Sources | |
Global Electricity Consumption | |
End-Use Energy Consumption in the United States | |
Industrial Sector | |
Residential Sector | |
Commercial Sector | |
Transportation Sector | |
Global Energy Supply | |
Coal Reserves | |
Petroleum Reserves | |
Unconventional Petroleum Resources | |
Natural Gas Reserves | |
Unconventional Gas Resources | |
Summary of Fossil Reserves | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Thermodynamic Principles of Energy Conversion | |
Introduction | |
The Forms of Energy | |
The Mechanical Energy of Macroscopic Bodies | |
The Energy of Atoms and Molecules | |
Chemical and Nuclear Energy | |
Electric and Magnetic Energy | |
Total Energy | |
Work and Heat Interactions | |
Work Interaction | |
Heat Interaction | |
The First Law of Thermodynamics | |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
Thermodynamic Properties | |
Steady Flow | |
Heat Transfer and Heat Exchange | |
Ideal Heat Engine Cycles | |
The Carnot Cycle | |
The Rankine Cycle | |
The Otto Cycle | |
The Brayton Cycle | |
Combined Brayton and Rankine Cycles | |
The Vapor Compression Cycle: Refrigeration and Heat Pumps | |
Energy Processing: First and Second Law Constraints | |
Fuel Heating V | |
Free Energy Change | |
Separating Gases | |
Fuel (Thermal) Efficiency | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Thermodynamics of Fossil, Biomass, and Synthetic Fuels | |
Introduction | |
Fossil Fuels | |
Combustion of Fossil Fuel | |
Fuel Heating V | |
Biomass Fuels | |
Synthetic Fuels | |
Examples of Fossil Fuel Synthesis | |
Coal to Gas | |
Examples of Biochemical Synthesis | |
Biochemical Production of Ethanol from Biomass | |
Electrochemical Reactions | |
Fuel Cells | |
Practical Fuel Cell Systems | |
The Hydrogen Economy | |
Hydrogen Fuel for Vehicle Propul | |
Synthetic Hydrogen from Fossil Fuels with Carbon Capture and Storage | |
Hydrogen as Energy Storage for Intermittent Electric Power Pl | |
Hydrogen as a Substitute for Pipeline Natural Gas | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Electrical Energy Generation, Transmission, and Storage | |
Introduction | |
Electromechanical Power Transformation | |
Electric Power Transmission | |
AC/DC Conversion | |
Energy Storage | |
Electrostatic Energy Storage | |
Magnetic Energy Storage | |
Electrochemical Energy Storage | |
Lead-Acid Storage Battery | |
Lithium-Ion Storage Battery | |
Other Storage Batteries | |
Mechanical Energy Storage | |
Pumped Hydropower | |
Flywheel Energy Storage | |
Properties of Energy Storage Systems | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Fossil-Fueled Power Plants | |
Introduction | |
Fossil-Fueled Power Plant Components | |
Fuel Storage and Preparation | |
Burner | |
Boiler | |
Steam Turbine | |
Impulse Turbine | |
Reaction Turbine | |
Gas Turbine | |
Condenser | |
Cooling Tower | |
Wet Cooling Tower | |
Dry Cooling Tower | |
Generator | |
Combustion Stoichiometry | |
Emission Control | |
Control of Products of Incomplete Combustion and Carbon Monoxide | |
Control of Particles | |
Sulfur Control | |
Nitrogen Oxide Control | |
Mercury Control | |
Toxic Metals | |
Waste Disposal | |
Advanced Cycles | |
Combined Cycle | |
Coal Gasification Combined Cycle | |
Cogeneration | |
Fuel Cell | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Nuclear-Fueled Power Plants | |
Introduction | |
Nuclear Energy | |
Nuclear Energy from Fission | |
Radioactivity | |
Decay Rates and Half-Lives | |
Units and Dosage | |
Health Effects of Radiation | |
Radiation Protection Standards | |
Nuclear Reactors | |
Boiling Water Reactor | |
Pressurized Water Reactor | |
Gas Cooled Reactor | |
Breeder Reactor | |
Nuclear Fuel Cycle | |
Mining and Refining | |
Gasification and Enrichment | |
Spent Fuel Reprocessing | |
Temporary Waste Storage | |
Permanent Waste Storage | |
Fusion | |
Magnetic Confinement | |
Laser Fusion | |
Energy Evolvement in Nuclear Fission and Fusion Reactions | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Renewable Energy | |
Introduction | |
Hydropower | |
Environmental Effects | |
Biomass Energy | |
Photosynthesis | |
Biofuels | |
Bioethanol | |
Biodiesel | |
Wood as Biofuel | |
Environmental Effects | |
Geothermal Energy | |
Environmental Effects | |
Solar Energy | |
Flat Plate Collector | |
Focusing Collectors | |
Solar Thermal Farms | |
Photovoltaic Cells | |
Photovoltaic Farms | |
Environmental Effects | |
Wind Power | |
Aerodynamics of Wind Turbine Operation | |
Mechanical and Electrical Components | |
Wind Resources | |
Capacity Factor | |
Effectiveness | |
Wind Variability and Predictability | |
Economical Turbine Designs | |
Wind Farms | |
Integrating Wind Farms into the Electric Power Network | |
Averaging An Array of Wind Farms | |
Environmental Effects | |
Tidal Power | |
Tidal Current Power | |
Environmental Effects | |
Ocean Wave Power | |
Ocean Wave Energy and Power | |
Ocean Wave Power Systems | |
Wave Power Farms | |
Environmental Impacts | |
Ocean Thermal Power | |
Capital Cost of Renewable Electric Power | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Automotive Transportation | |
Introduction | |
Internal Combustion Engines for Highway Vehicles | |
Combustion in SI and CI engines | |
Engine Power and Performance | |
Engine Efficiency | |
Vehicle Power and Performance | |
Connecting the Engine to the Wheels | |
Vehicle Fuel Efficiency | |
U.S. Vehicle Fuel Efficiency Regulations and Test Cycles | |
Improving Vehicle Fuel Economy | |
Improving Vehicle Performance | |
Improving Engine Performance | |
Electric Drive Vehicles | |
Vehicles Powered by Storage Batteries | |
Hybrid Vehicles | |
Fuel Cell Vehicles | |
Vehicle Emissions | |
U.S. Vehicle Emission Standards | |
Reducing Vehicle Emissions | |
Reducing Engine-Out Emissions | |
Catalytic Converters for Exhaust Gas Treatment | |
Evaporative Emissions | |
Reducing CI Engine Emissions | |
Fuel Quality and its Regulation | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuel Use | |
Introduction | |
Air Pollution | |
U.S. Emission Standards | |
U.S. Ambient Standards | |
Health and Environmental Effects of Fossil-Fuel-Related Air Pollutants | |
Air Pollution Meteorology | |
Air Quality Modeling | |
Modeling of Steady-State Point Source | |
Plume Rise | |
Steady State Line Source | |
Steady State Area Source | |
Photo-oxidants | |
Photo-oxidant Modeling | |
Acid Deposition | |
Acid Deposition Modeling | |
Regional Haze and Visibility Impairment | |
Water Pollution | |
Acid Mine Drainage and Coal Washing | |
Water Use and Thermal Pollution from Power Plants | |
Atmospheric Deposition of Toxic Pollutants onto Surface Waters | |
Toxic Metals | |
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons | |
Land Pollution | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Global | |
Warming and Climate Change | |
Introduction | |
What is the Greenhouse Effect? | |
Solar and Terrestrial Radiation | |
Sun-Earth-Space Radiative Equilibrium | |
Modeling Global Warming | |
Global Warming Potential | |
Radiative Forcing | |
Results of Global Warming Modeling | |
Observed Trend of Global Warming | |
Associated Effects of Global Warming | |
Sea Level Rise | |
Water Vapor and Precipitation Changes | |
Hurricanes and Typhoons | |
Climate Changes | |
Greenhouse Gas Emissions | |
Carbon Dioxide Emissions and the Carbon Cycle | |
Methane | |
Nitrous Oxide | |
Chlorofluorocarbons | |
Ozone | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Mitigating Global | |
Warming | |
Introduction | |
Controlling Halocarbon Emissions | |
Controlling Nitrous Oxide Emissions | |
Controlling Methane Emissions | |
Controlling Methane Generated by Coal Mining | |
Controlling Methane from Petroleum and Natural Gas Operations | |
Controlling Landfill Methane | |
Controlling Carbon Dioxide Emissions | |
Controlling CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fueled Electric Power Plants | |
Shift from Coal or Oil to Natural Gas Fuel | |
Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle Plants | |
Capturing CO2 from the Flue Gas by Chemical Absorption | |
Oxyfuel Combustion with CO2 Capture | |
Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Plants with CO2 Capture | |
Capturing CO2 after Gasification by Physical Absorption | |
Capturing CO2 after Gasification by Membrane Separation | |
Thermal Efficiency and Cost of Controlling CO2 Emissions from Power Plants | |
CO2 Sequestration | |
Sequestration in Oil and Gas Reservoirs | |
Sequestration in Coal Seams | |
Sequestration in Deep Sedimentary Basins | |
Sequestration in the Deep Ocean | |
CO2 Removal from the Atmosphere | |
Afforestation | |
Ocean Fertilization | |
Mineral Sequestration | |
CO2 Utilization | |
Conclusion | |
Problems | |
Bibliography | |
Concluding Remarks | |
Energy Resources | |
Regulating the Environmental Effects of Energy Use | |
Global Climate Change | |
Coping with Climate Change | |
Conclusion | |
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