Diagnosis of Lameness in Dogs

Accessible and easy-to-understand step-by-step guide to the diagnosis of lameness in dogs

Diagnosis of Lameness in Dogs provides general practice vets with a practical, step-by-step guide to performing the orthopedic diagnostic exam, including basic diagnostic imaging and advanced techniques such as CT, MRI, ultrasound, and arthroscopy, and arriving at a correct diagnosis. Treatment options are briefly summarized with the focus of the book being on diagnostics – because general practitioners will generally refer lameness cases. This book therefore provides guidance on possible causes of lameness and when to refer, and perhaps more critically, when not to refer.

Overall, the text enables general practice veterinarians and veterinary students to develop confidence in accurately diagnosing causes of lameness. More than 600 color images depicting the procedures are included throughout the text. A companion website provides video clips of specific lameness conditions to aid in reader comprehension and information retention.

Written by well-known orthopedic surgeons working in the area of lameness, Diagnosis of Lameness in Dogs also includes information on:

• General examinations, providing a systematic approach to the examination ensures that multiple problems are not missed
• Immediate steps to provide urgent care to severely traumatized dogs with hemorrhaging wounds and unstable/open fractures
• Systemic conditions, neurological disorders, and oncologic diseases that need to be ruled out before arriving at a diagnosis of the problem
• Specific conditions and diagnostic procedures for the thoracic limb, including bone disease, carpal/distal joints, the elbow joint, and the shoulder joint
• Specific conditions and diagnostic procedures for the pelvic limb, including bone disease, tarsal/distal joints, the stifle joint, and the hipar joint

The first book to cover lameness diagnosis in detail, Diagnosis of Lameness in Dogs is a highly useful resource for veterinarians and students interested in improving their orthopedic diagnostic skills through gaining a foundation of relevant knowledge and an understanding of how to apply this knowledge in a field setting.

The Editor

Kei Hayashi, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVS, is a Professor at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Companion Website

SECTION 1. ORTHOPEDIC EXAMINATION

1             General Examination

General Strategy

Chief Complaint and History

Rule-Outs: Systemic (Medical) Conditions and Neurologic Disorders

Differential Diagnosis

2             Orthopedic Observation

Distant Observation

Sit Observation

Gait Observation

3             Orthopedic Palpation 1: Standing Examination

               General and Neurologic Examination

               Thoracic Limb

               Pelvic Limb

4             Orthopedic Palpation 2: Recumbent Examination

               Thoracic Limb

               Pelvic Limb

SECTION 2. COMMON ORTHOPEDIC CONDITIONS

5             Thoracic Limb Conditions

               Common General Conditions

               Shoulder Region: Growing Dogs

Shoulder Region: Mature Dogs

               Elbow Region and Antebrachium: Growing Dogs

Elbow Region: Mature Dogs

               Carpal Region and Distal Limb: Growing Dogs

Carpal Region and Distal Limb: Mature Dogs

6             Pelvic Limb Conditions

Common General Conditions

               Hip Region: Growing Dogs

Hip (and Pelvic) Region: Mature Dogs

               Stifle Region: Growing Dogs

Stifle Region: Mature Dogs

               Tarsal Region and Distal Limb: Growing Dogs

Tarsal Region and Distal Limb: Mature Dogs

SECTION 3. CASE DISCUSSION

7             Congenital/Developmental Conditions and Deformities

               Congenital Elbow (Radial) Luxation

               Congenital Elbow (Ulnar) Luxation

               Angular Limb Deformity/Elbow Subluxation

               Carpal Laxity Syndrome

Genu Recurvatum (Congenital Stifle Hyperextension)

Tibial Deformity (Pes Varus)

Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy

8             Thoracic Limb Lameness in Young Dogs

               Elbow Dysplasia (Medial Coronoid Disease)

               Shoulder Osteochondrosis Dissecans

               Physeal Fractures, Avulsion Fractures

9             Thoracic Limb Lameness in Mature Dogs

               Elbow Osteoarthritis

               Shoulder Tendinopathy

               Shoulder Luxation in Small Dogs

               Carpal Hyperextension

               Neoplasia

               Immune-Mediated Poly-arthorpathy

10          Pelvic Limb Lameness in Young Dogs

               Medial Patellar Luxation

               Lateral Patellar Luxation

               Hip Dysplasia

               Femoral Head Necrosis (Legg–Calve–Perthes Disease) and Related Conditions

               Tarsal/Stifle Osteochondritis Dissecans

               Physeal Fractures, Avulsion Fractures

11          Pelvic Limb Lameness in Mature Dogs

               Cruciate Disease

               Cruciate Disease and Medial Patellar Luxation

               Hip Osteoarthritis

               Lumbosacral Disease

               Hip Luxation

               Calcaneal Tendon Pathology

               Neoplasia

               Immune-Mediated Poly-arthorpathy, Septic Arthritis

12          Multiple Limb Lameness

               Poly-arthropathy

               Bilateral Stifle Osteochondritis Dissecans and Cruciate Disease

               Bilateral Hip Luxation, Cruciate Disease, and Medial Patellar Luxation

               Bilateral Hip Osteoarthritis and Cruciate Disease

Index

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