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9780521775380

An Introduction to Turbulent Flow

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780521775380

  • ISBN10:

    0521775388

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2000-06-26
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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Summary

Most natural and industrial flows are turbulent. The atmosphere and oceans, automobile and aircraft engines, all provide examples of this ubiquitous phenomenon. In recent years, turbulence has become a very lively area of scientific research and application, attracting many newcomers who need a basic introduction to the subject. An Introduction to Turbulent Flow offers a solid grounding in the subject of turbulence, developing both physical insight and the mathematical framework needed to express the theory. It begins with a review of the physical nature of turbulence, statistical tools, and space and time scales of turbulence. Basic theory is presented next, illustrated by examples of simple turbulent flows and developed through classical models of jets, wakes, and boundary layers. A deeper understanding of turbulence dynamics is provided by spectral analysis and its applications. The final chapter introduces the numerical simulation of turbulent flows. This well-balanced text will interest graduate students in engineering, applied mathematics, and the physical sciences. It will also be a useful reference for practising engineers and scientists.

Table of Contents

Preface and Roadmap vii
General References x
An Introduction to Turbulence
1(30)
The Physical Nature of Turbulence
10(6)
Some Practical Consequences: Energy Loss, Drag, and Dispersion
16(7)
Remarks on Mathematical Chaos
23(4)
Miscellany
27(2)
Conclusions
29(2)
References
29(2)
Statistical Tools
31(26)
Probabilities and Averaging
32(7)
Statistical Moments and Correlations
39(7)
Gaussian Statistics and the Central Limit Theorem
46(5)
Turbulent Mean Flow and Fluctuations
51(3)
Steadiness, Homogeneity, Isotropy, and Other Statistical Symmetries
54(2)
Conclusions
56(1)
References
56(1)
Space and Time Scales of Turbulence
57(16)
Velocity Correlations and Spatial Scales
61(7)
Temporal Correlations and Time Scales
68(4)
Conclusions
72(1)
Reference
72(1)
Basic Theory and Illustrative Examples
73(65)
The Mean Flow
76(8)
Equations of the Second-Order Moments: Turbulence Energetics
84(8)
The Effects of Pressure
92(5)
The Vorticity
97(8)
Some Examples of Simple Turbulent Flows
105(28)
Conclusions
133(5)
References
136(2)
Classical Models of Jets, Wakes, and Boundary Layers
138(101)
Laminar Boundary Layers
147(9)
The Turbulent-``Boundary-Layer'' Approximation for Jets and Wakes
156(8)
Jets
164(14)
Wakes
178(8)
Turbulent Boundary Layers
186(48)
Conclusions
234(5)
Appendix: A Higher-Order Boundary-Layer Momentum Balance Equation
235(2)
References
237(2)
Spectral Analysis of Homogeneous Turbulence
239(44)
Direct Fourier Transforms
245(6)
Transformation of the Navier--Stokes Equations
251(10)
Spectral Equations via Correlations in Physical Space
261(2)
Consequences of Isotropy
263(9)
One-Dimensional Transforms, Time Spectra, and Some Experimental Results
272(7)
Conclusions
279(4)
Appendix: Miscellaneous Expressions for the Mean Dissipation in Homogeneous, Isotropic Turbulence
279(3)
References
282(1)
Kolmogorov's and Other Theories Based on Spectral Analysis
283(44)
Properties of the Energy Spectrum and Velocity Correlations
283(6)
Spectral Dynamics and the Final Phase of Passive Decay
289(2)
Kolmogorov's Theory of the Small Scales
291(9)
Self-Similar Evolution of the Large Scales of Homogeneous, Isotropic Turbulence
300(5)
Beyond Kolmogorov's Original Theory
305(18)
Conclusions
323(4)
Appendix: Kolmogorov's Four-Fifths Law
324(1)
References
325(2)
Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flows
327(42)
Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)
327(13)
Large-Eddy Simulation (LES)
340(13)
One-Point Statistical Modeling
353(13)
Conclusions
366(3)
References
367(2)
Index 369

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