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9780471190394

Applications of Atomic Spectrometry to Regulatory Compliance Monitoring

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780471190394

  • ISBN10:

    047119039X

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1997-07-01
  • Publisher: Vch Verlagsgesellschaft Mbh

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Summary

A complete guide to regulatory compliance monitoring using atomic spectrometry This is the only comprehensive, single-volume guide to all methods of atomic spectrometry currently recognized by regulatory agencies for the monitoring of metallic contaminants. It is an indispensable working resource for analytical chemists and spectroscopists responsible for generating scientifically and legally defensible laboratory results for regulatory compliance. The book answers virtually every question regarding material selection, preparation, preservation, analysis, and the testing equipment itself. It begins with a thorough explication of the three major spectrometric methods: atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma atomic spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Each method is described in terms of its scope of sensitivity, theoretical principles, material and equipment requirements, interferences and their corrections, and calibration. Following chapters provide detailed accounts of sample collection, preservation, and preparation; concentration and separation methods; and laboratory analysis methods for compliance monitoring of air, water, wastes, animal tissues, and food. The authors also provide helpful hints and guidelines on how to organize a laboratory; plan projects; report results; communicate with clients, regulators, and the public; market services; and more.

Author Biography

STEPHEN W. JENNISS is Director of the State of New Jersey Department of Health, Environmental and Chemical Laboratory Services.<br> <br> SIDNEY A. KATZ is on the staff of the Rutgers University Department of Chemistry.<br> <br> D W. LYNCH is Director of 21st Century Environmental, a private testing service based in Bridgeport, New Jersey.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
1 Introduction
1(32)
1.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
2(16)
1.1.1 Scope and Sensitivity of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
2(1)
1.1.2 Theory of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
2(2)
1.1.3 Requirements for Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
4(9)
1.1.4 Interferences in Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
13(3)
1.1.5 Calibration
16(2)
1.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
18(6)
1.2.1 Scope and Sensitivity of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
18(1)
1.2.2 Theory of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
18(1)
1.2.3 Requirements for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
19(2)
1.2.4 Interferences in Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
21(2)
1.2.5 Calibration
23(1)
1.3 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
24(6)
1.3.1 Scope and Sensitivity of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
24(1)
1.3.2 Theory of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
24(1)
1.3.3 Requirements for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
25(2)
1.3.4 Interferences in Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
27(2)
1.3.5 Calibration
29(1)
1.4 Regulatory Agencies' Requirements and Recommendations for Compliance Monitoring by Atomic Spectrometry
30(2)
1.4.1 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and Superfund Authorization and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
30(1)
1.4.2 Resource Recovery and Conservation Act (RCRA)
30(1)
1.4.3 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
31(1)
1.4.4 Water Pollution Control Act (WPCA), Clean Water Act (CWA), and Water Quality Act (WQA)
31(1)
1.4.5 Clean Air Act (CAA)
31(1)
1.4.6 Occupation Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
32(1)
1.4.7 Nutritional Education and Labeling Act (NELA)
32(1)
1.5 Regulatory Compliance Monitoring
32(1)
2 Sample Collection and Preservation
33(27)
2.1 Site Selection for Sampling Air, Water, Soil, Solid and Liquid Wastes, and Plant and Animal Tissues
33(9)
2.1.1 Site Selection for Air Monitoring
36(1)
2.1.2 Site Selection for Potable Water Monitoring
37(1)
2.1.3 Site Selection for Ambient Surface Water Monitoring
38(1)
2.1.4 Site Selection for Ambient Groundwater Monitoring
38(1)
2.1.5 Site Selection for Sampling Soil
39(1)
2.1.6 Site Selection for Sampling Liquid Wastes
39(1)
2.1.7 Site Selection for Sampling Sediments and Sludges
40(1)
2.1.8 Site Selection for Sampling Solid Wastes
40(1)
2.1.9 Site Selection for Sampling Plant and Animal Tissues
41(1)
2.2 Discrete Versus Composite Sampling
42(2)
2.2.1 Air Samples
43(1)
2.2.2 Water Samples
43(1)
2.2.3 Soil Samples
43(1)
2.2.4 Liquid Wastes
43(1)
2.2.5 Solid Wastes
43(1)
2.2.6 Plant and Animal Tissue Samples
43(1)
2.3 Sample Containers
44(3)
2.3.1 Containers for Air Samples
44(1)
2.3.2 Containers for Liquid Samples
45(1)
2.3.3 Containers for Solid Samples
45(1)
2.3.4 Containers for Plant and Animal Tissue Samples
46(1)
2.4 Sample Collection
47(10)
2.4.1 Air Sampling
48(1)
2.4.2 Potable Water Sampling
49(1)
2.4.3 Groundwater Sampling
49(1)
2.4.4 Surface Water Sampling
50(1)
2.4.5 Wastewater Sampling
51(1)
2.4.6 Sampling Containerized Liquid Wastes
51(1)
2.4.7 Sampling Soils, Sediments, and Sludges
51(2)
2.4.8 Sampling Solid Wastes
53(1)
2.4.9 Sampling Biological Tissues
54(3)
2.4.10 Sampling Food and Food Products
57(1)
2.5 Sample Preservation and Holding Times
57(2)
2.5.1 Preservation of Air Samples
58(1)
2.5.2 Preservation of Water Samples
58(1)
2.5.3 Preservation of Solid Samples
59(1)
2.5.4 Preservation of Biological Fluids and Tissues
59(1)
2.6 Sample Collection and Preservation
59(1)
3 Sample Preparation
60(28)
3.1 Extraction and Decomposition for Solubilization
60(17)
3.1.1 TCLP and Other Extraction Procedures
61(3)
3.1.2 Decomposition Procedures
64(13)
3.2 Concentration and Separation Methods
77(5)
3.2.1 Evaporation of Solvent
78(1)
3.2.2 Coprecipitation
78(1)
3.2.3 Solvent Extraction
78(3)
3.2.4 Ion Exchange
81(1)
3.3 Contamination and Loss
82(5)
3.3.1 Purity of Reagents
83(3)
3.3.2 Contaminated Glassware
86(1)
3.3.3 Losses During Storage
86(1)
3.3.4 Losses During Preparation
86(1)
3.4 Sample Preparation
87(1)
4 Quality Control/Quality Assurance
88(19)
4.1 Laboratory Certification
88(1)
4.2 The Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)
89(1)
4.3 Planning
89(1)
4.4 Monitoring Project Description and Personnel Objectives
90(1)
4.5 Environmental Sampling
91(4)
4.5.1 Sample Collection
91(1)
4.5.2 Sample Labeling
91(1)
4.5.3 Chain of Custody
92(1)
4.5.4 Sample Handling and Preservation
92(1)
4.5.5 Field Logbooks
93(1)
4.5.6 Quality Control
94(1)
4.6 Laboratory Analysis
95(10)
4.6.1 Sample Receipt
95(1)
4.6.2 Sample Analysis
95(1)
4.6.3 Routine Quality Control
96(8)
4.6.4 Data Handling and Documentation
104(1)
4.6.5 Chain of Custody
104(1)
4.7 Quality Assurance Documentation
105(1)
4.8 Quality Assurance Program
105(2)
5 Methods for Compliance Air Quality Monitoring
107(26)
5.1 General Procedures for Metals
107(2)
5.1.1 General Procedures for Metals; NIOSH Method 7300
107(2)
5.1.2 General Procedures for Metals; ASTM Designation D 4185
109(1)
5.2 Procedures for Aluminum; NIOSH Method 7013
109(1)
5.3 Procedures for Arsenic
110(5)
5.3.1 Determination of Organoarsenic; NIOSH Method 5022
110(1)
5.3.2 Determination of Arsenic; NIOSH Method 7900
111(1)
5.3.3 Determination of Arsenic Trioxide; NIOSH Method 7901
111(1)
5.3.4 Determination of Arsenic; NIOSH Method 6001
112(1)
5.3.5 Determination of Arsenic; US EPA Method 108
113(2)
5.4 Procedures for Barium; NIOSH Method 7056
115(1)
5.5 Procedures for Beryllium
116(3)
5.5.1 Determination of Beryllium; NIOSH Method 7102
116(1)
5.5.2 Determination of Beryllium; US EPA Method 103
117(1)
5.5.3 Determination of Beryllium; US EPA Method 104
117(2)
5.6 Procedures for Cadmium; NIOSH Method 7048
119(1)
5.7 Procedures for Calcium; NIOSH Method 7020
119(1)
5.8 Procedures for Chromium; NIOSH Method 7024
120(1)
5.9 Procedures for Cobalt; NIOSH Method 7027
121(1)
5.10 Procedures for Copper; NIOSH Method 7029
121(2)
5.10.1 Determination of Total Copper (Dust and Fume)
121(1)
5.10.2 Determination of Soluble Copper (Dust)
122(1)
5.10.3 Determination of Copper Fume
122(1)
5.11 Procedures for Lead
123(2)
5.11.1 Determination of Lead; NIOSH Method 7082
123(1)
5.11.2 Determination of Lead; NIOSH Method 7105
123(1)
5.11.3 Determination of Lead; US EPA Reference Method
124(1)
5.12 Procedures for Mercury
125(4)
5.12.1 Determination of Mercury; NIOSH Method 6009
125(1)
5.12.2 Determination of Mercury; US EPA Method 101
126(1)
5.12.3 Determination of Mercury; US EPA Method 101A
127(2)
5.12.4 Determination of Mercury; US EPA Method 102
129(1)
5.13 Procedures for Nickel Carbonyl; NIOSH Method 6007
129(1)
5.14 Procedures for Tungsten; NIOSH Method 7074
130(1)
5.15 Procedures for Zinc; NIOSH Method 7030
131(1)
5.16 Determination of Metals in Ambient Air
132(1)
6 Methods for Compliance Water Quality Monitoring
133(40)
6.1 Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Waters and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry; US EPA Method 200.7
134(1)
6.2 Determination of Trace Elements in Waters and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry; US EPA Method 200.8
134(2)
6.3 Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption; US EPA Method 200.9
136(1)
6.4 Procedures for Aluminum
137(1)
6.4.1 Determination of Aluminum; US EPA Method 202.1
137(1)
6.4.2 Determination of Aluminum; US EPA Method 202.2
137(1)
6.4.3 Other Procedures for Aluminum
138(1)
6.5 Procedures for Antimony
138(1)
6.5.1 Determination of Antimony; US EPA Method 204.1
138(1)
6.5.2 Determination of Antimony; US EPA Method 204.2
138(1)
6.5.3 Other Procedures for Antimony
139(1)
6.6 Procedures for Arsenic
139(2)
6.6.1 Determination of Arsenic; US EPA Method 206.3
139(1)
6.6.2 Determination of Arsenic; US EPA Method 206.5
140(1)
6.6.3 Determination of Arsenic; US EPA Method 206.2
140(1)
6.6.4 Other Procedures for Arsenic
140(1)
6.7 Procedures for Barium
141(1)
6.7.1 Determination of Barium; US EPA Method 208.1
141(1)
6.7.2 Determination of Barium; US EPA Method 208.2
141(1)
6.7.3 Other Procedures for Barium
142(1)
6.8 Procedures for Beryllium
142(1)
6.8.1 Determination of Beryllium; US EPA Method 210.1
142(1)
6.8.2 Determination of Beryllium; US EPA Method 210.2
142(1)
6.8.3 Other Procedures for Beryllium
142(1)
6.9 Procedures for Boron
142(1)
6.10 Procedures for Cadmium
143(1)
6.10.1 Determination of Cadmium; US EPA Method 213.1
143(1)
6.10.2 Determination of Cadmium; US EPA Method 213.2
143(1)
6.10.3 Other Procedures for Cadmium
144(1)
6.11 Procedures for Calcium
144(1)
6.11.1 Determination of Calcium; US EPA Method 215.1
144(1)
6.11.2 Other Procedures for Calcium
144(1)
6.12 Procedures for Chromium
144(2)
6.12.1 Determination of Chromium; US EPA Method 218.1
145(1)
6.12.2 Determination of Chromium; US EPA Method 218.2
145(1)
6.12.3 Other Procedures for Chromium
146(1)
6.13 Procedures for Cobalt
146(1)
6.13.1 Determination of Cobalt; US EPA Method 219.1
146(1)
6.13.2 Determination of Cobalt; US EPA Method 219.2
146(1)
6.13.3 Other Procedures for Cobalt
147(1)
6.14 Procedures for Copper
147(1)
6.14.1 Determination of Copper; US EPA Method 220.1
147(1)
6.14.2 Determination of Copper; US EPA Method 220.2
147(1)
6.14.3 Other Procedures for Copper
148(1)
6.15 Procedures for Gold
148(1)
6.15.1 Determination of Gold; US EPA Method 231.1
148(1)
6.15.2 Determination of Gold; US EPA Method 231.2
148(1)
6.15.3 Other Procedures for Gold
149(1)
6.16 Procedures for Iridium
149(1)
6.16.1 Determination of Iridium; US EPA Method 235.1
149(1)
6.16.2 Determination of Iridium; US EPA Method 235.2
149(1)
6.16.3 Other Procedures for Iridium
150(1)
6.17 Procedures for Iron
150(1)
6.17.1 Determination of Iron; US EPA Method 236.1
150(1)
6.17.2 Determination of Iron; US EPA Method 236.2
150(1)
6.17.3 Other Procedures for Iron
151(1)
6.18 Procedures for Lead
151(1)
6.18.1 Determination of Lead; US EPA Method 239.1
151(1)
6.18.2 Determination of Lead; US EPA Method 239.2
152(1)
6.18.3 Other Procedures for Lead
152(1)
6.19 Procedures for Magnesium
152(1)
6.19.1 Determination of Magnesium; US EPA Method 242.1
152(1)
6.19.2 Other Procedures for Magnesium
153(1)
6.20 Procedures for Manganese
153(1)
6.20.1 Determination of Manganese; US EPA Method 243.1
153(1)
6.20.2 Determination of Manganese; US EPA Method 243.2
153(1)
6.20.3 Other Procedures for Manganese
154(1)
6.21 Procedures for Mercury
154(3)
6.21.1 Determination of Mercury; US EPA Method 245.1
154(1)
6.21.2 Determination of Mercury; US EPA Method 245.2
155(1)
6.21.3 Other Procedures for Mercury
155(2)
6.22 Procedures for Molybdenum
157(1)
6.22.1 Determination of Molybdenum; US EPA Method 246.1
157(1)
6.22.2 Determination of Molybdenum; US EPA Method 246.2
157(1)
6.22.3 Other Procedures for Molybdenum
157(1)
6.23 Procedures for Nickel
158(1)
6.23.1 Determination of Nickel; US EPA Method 249.1
158(1)
6.23.2 Determination of Nickel; US EPA Method 249.2
158(1)
6.23.3 Other Procedures for Nickel
158(1)
6.24 Procedures for Osmium
159(1)
6.24.1 Determination of Osmium; US EPA Method 252.1
159(1)
6.24.2 Determination of Osmium; US EPA Method 252.2
159(1)
6.24.3 Other Procedures for Osmium
159(1)
6.25 Procedures for Palladium
159(1)
6.25.1 Determination of Palladium; US EPA Method 253.1
160(1)
6.25.2 Determination of Palladium; US EPA Method 253.2
160(1)
6.25.3 Other Procedures for Palladium
160(1)
6.26 Procedures for Phosphorus
160(1)
6.27 Procedures for Platinum
160(1)
6.27.1 Determination of Platinum; US EPA Method 255.1
161(1)
6.27.2 Determination of Platinum; US EPA Method 255.2
161(1)
6.27.3 Other Procedures for Platinum
161(1)
6.28 Procedures for Potassium
161(1)
6.28.1 Determination of Potassium; US EPA Method 258.1
161(1)
6.28.2 Other Procedures for Potassium
162(1)
6.29 Procedures for Rhodium
162(1)
6.29.1 Determination of Rhodium; US EPA Method 265.1
162(1)
6.29.2 Determination of Rhodium; US EPA Method 265.2
162(1)
6.29.3 Other Procedures for Rhodium
163(1)
6.30 Procedures for Ruthenium
163(1)
6.30.1 Determination of Ruthenium; US EPA Method 267.1
163(1)
6.30.2 Determination of Ruthenium; US EPA Method 267.2
163(1)
6.30.3 Other Procedures for Ruthenium
163(1)
6.31 Procedures for Selenium
164(1)
6.31.1 Determination of Selenium; US EPA Method 270.2
164(1)
6.31.2 Determination of Selenium; US EPA Method 270.3
165(1)
6.31.3 Other Procedures for Selenium
165(1)
6.32 Procedures for Silica
165(1)
6.33 Procedures for Silver
165(2)
6.33.1 Determination of Silver; US EPA Method 272.1
166(1)
6.33.2 Determination of Silver; US EPA Method 272.2
166(1)
6.33.3 Other Procedures for Silver
166(1)
6.34 Procedures for Sodium
167(1)
6.34.1 Determination of Sodium; US EPA Method 273.1
167(1)
6.34.2 Other Procedures for Sodium
167(1)
6.35 Procedures for Thallium
167(1)
6.35.1 Determination of Thallium; US EPA Method 279.1
167(1)
6.35.2 Determination of Thallium; US EPA Method 279.2
168(1)
6.35.3 Other Procedures for Thallium
168(1)
6.36 Procedures for Tin
168(1)
6.36.1 Determination of Tin; US EPA Method 282.1
168(1)
6.36.2 Determination of Tin; US EPA Method 282.2
169(1)
6.36.3 Other Procedures for Tin
169(1)
6.37 Procedures for Titanium
169(1)
6.37.1 Determination of Titanium; US EPA Method 283.1
169(1)
6.37.2 Determination of Titanium; US EPA Method 283.2
170(1)
6.37.3 Other Procedures for Titanium
170(1)
6.38 Procedures for Vanadium
170(1)
6.38.1 Determination of Vanadium; US EPA Method 286.1
170(1)
6.38.2 Determination of Vanadium; US EPA Method 286.2
171(1)
6.38.3 Other Procedures for Vanadium
171(1)
6.39 Procedures for Zinc
171(2)
6.39.1 Determination of Zinc; US EPA Method 289.1
171(1)
6.39.2 Determination of Zinc; US EPA Method 289.2
172(1)
6.39.3 Other Procedures for Zinc
172(1)
7 Methods for Compliance Monitoring of Liquid Wastes, Solid Wastes, Sludges, Sediments, and Soils
173(25)
7.1 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry; US EPA Method 6010
173(2)
7.2 Determination of Trace Elements in Waters and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry; US EPA Method 200.8
175(1)
7.3 Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption; US EPA Method 200.9
176(1)
7.4 Atomic Absorption Methods; US EPA Method 7000
177(1)
7.5 Procedures for Aluminum
177(1)
7.5.1 Determination of Aluminum; US EPA Method 7020
177(1)
7.6 Procedures for Antimony
177(1)
7.6.1 Determination of Antimony; US EPA Method 7040
177(1)
7.6.2 Determination of Antimony; US EPA Method 7041
178(1)
7.7 Procedures for Arsenic
178(3)
7.7.1 Determination of Arsenic; US EPA Method 7060
178(1)
7.7.2 Determination of Arsenic; US EPA Method 7061
179(1)
7.7.3 Determination of Arsenic in Wastes From Nonferrous Smelters; US EPA Method 108
179(2)
7.8 Procedures for Barium
181(1)
7.8.1 Determination of Barium; US EPA Method 7080
181(1)
7.9 Procedures for Beryllium
181(1)
7.9.1 Determination of Beryllium; US EPA Method 7090
181(1)
7.9.2 Determination of Beryllium; US EPA Method 7091
181(1)
7.10 Procedures for Cadmium
182(1)
7.10.1 Determination of Cadmium; US EPA Method 7130
182(1)
7.10.2 Determination of Cadmium; US EPA Method 7131
182(1)
7.11 Procedures for Calcium
182(1)
7.11.1 Determination of Calcium; US EPA Method 7140
182(1)
7.12 Procedures for Chromium
183(1)
7.12.1 Determination of Chromium; US EPA Method 7190
183(1)
7.12.2 Determination of Chromium; US EPA Method 7191
183(1)
7.12.3 Determination of Chromium; US EPA Method 7195
183(1)
7.12.4 Determination of Chromium; US EPA Method 7197
184(1)
7.13 Procedures for Cobalt
184(1)
7.13.1 Determination of Cobalt; US EPA Method 7200
184(1)
7.13.2 Determination of Cobalt; US EPA Method 7201
185(1)
7.14 Procedures for Copper
185(1)
7.14.1 Determination of Copper; US EPA Method 7210
185(1)
7.15 Procedures for Iron
185(1)
7.15.1 Determination of Iron; US EPA Method 7380
185(1)
7.16 Procedures for Lead
185(1)
7.16.1 Determination of Lead; US EPA Method 7420
185(1)
7.16.2 Determination of Lead; US EPA Method 7421
186(1)
7.17 Procedures for Magnesium
186(1)
7.17.1 Determination of Magnesium; US EPA Method 7450
186(1)
7.18 Procedures for Manganese
186(1)
7.18.1 Determination of Manganese; US EPA Method 7460
186(1)
7.19 Procedures for Mercury
187(3)
7.19.1 Determination of Mercury in Liquid Waste; US EPA Method 7470
187(1)
7.19.2 Determination of Mercury in Solid or Semisolid Waste; US EPA Method 7471
188(1)
7.19.3 Determination of Mercury in Wastewater Treatment Plant Sewage Sludges; US EPA Method 105
188(1)
7.19.4 Determination of Mercury in Sediment; US EPA Method 245.5
189(1)
7.20 Procedures for Molybdenum
190(1)
7.20.1 Determination of Molybdenum; US EPA Method 7480
190(1)
7.20.2 Determination of Molybdenum; US EPA Method 7481
190(1)
7.21 Procedures for Nickel
191(1)
7.21.1 Determination of Nickel; US EPA Method 7520
191(1)
7.22 Procedures for Potassium
191(1)
7.22.1 Determination of Potassium; US EPA Method 7610
191(1)
7.23 Procedures for Selenium
191(2)
7.23.1 Determination of Selenium; US EPA Method 7740
191(1)
7.23.2 Determination of Selenium; US EPA Method 7741
192(1)
7.23.3 Determination of Selenium; US EPA Method 7742
193(1)
7.24 Procedures for Silver
193(1)
7.24.1 Determination of Silver; US EPA Method 7760
193(1)
7.25 Procedures for Sodium
193(1)
7.25.1 Determination of Sodium; US EPA Method 7770
194(1)
7.26 Procedures for Thallium
194(1)
7.26.1 Determination of Thallium; US EPA Method 7840
194(1)
7.26.2 Determination of Thallium; US EPA Method 7841
194(1)
7.27 Procedures for Tin
194(1)
7.27.1 Determination of Tin; US EPA Method 7870
195(1)
7.28 Procedures for Thorium and Uranium
195(1)
7.28.1 Determination of Thorium and Uranium; US DOE Method 210
195(1)
7.29 Procedures for Vanadium
196(1)
7.29.1 Determination of Vanadium; US EPA Method 7910
196(1)
7.29.2 Determination of Vanadium; US EPA Method 7911
196(1)
7.30 Procedures for Zinc
197(1)
7.30.1 Determination of Zinc; US EPA Method 7950
197(1)
8 Methods for Monitoring Trace Elements in Biological Tissues and Fluids
198(8)
8.1 Animal Tissues
198(5)
8.1.1 NIOSH Method 8005 for Elements in Blood and Tissue
198(1)
8.1.2 NIOSH Method 8310 for Metals in Urine
199(1)
8.1.3 Determination of Metals in Fish Tissue by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry; US EPA Method 200.11
199(3)
8.1.4 Determination of Trace Elements by Stabilized Temperature Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption; US EPA Method 200.9
202(1)
8.1.5 NIOSH Method 8003 for Lead in Blood and Urine
202(1)
8.1.6 Determination of Mercury in Tissues by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry; US EPA Method 245.6
202(1)
8.2 Plant Tissues
203(3)
8.2.1 AOAC Method 975.03 for Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Potassium, and Zinc in Plants
203(1)
8.2.2 AOAC Method 985.01 for Boron, Calcium, Copper, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Zinc in Plants
204(2)
9 Methods for Monitoring Toxic and Essential Trace Elements in Foods
206(12)
9.1 AOAC Method 986.15 for Arsenic (Cadmium, Lead), Selenium, and Zinc in Food
206(2)
9.1.1 Determination of Arsenic
207(1)
9.1.2 Determination of Selenium
207(1)
9.1.3 Determination of Zinc
207(1)
9.2 AOAC Method 990.05 for Copper, Iron, and Nickel in Edible Fats and Oils
208(1)
9.3 AOAC Method 991.25 for Calcium and Magnesium in Cheese
209(1)
9.4 AOAC Method 984.27 for Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, and Zinc in Infant Formula
209(1)
9.5 AOAC Method 985.35 for Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Potassium, Sodium, and Zinc in Ready-to-Feed, Milk-Based Infant Formula
210(1)
9.6 Determination of Copper and Nickel in Tea
210(1)
9.7 AOAC Method 985.40 for Copper in Liver
211(1)
9.8 Determination of Cadmium
211(1)
9.9 Determination of Lead
212(2)
9.9.1 Lead in Evaporated Milk
212(1)
9.9.2 Lead in Fish
213(1)
9.9.3 Lead in Food
213(1)
9.10 Determination of Mercury
214(2)
9.10.1 Mercury in Food
214(1)
9.10.2 Mercury in Fish
215(1)
9.11 AOAC Method 969.32 for Zinc in Food
216(2)
9.11.1 Dry Ashing Option for Method 969.32
216(1)
9.11.2 Wet Ashing Option for Method 969.32
216(1)
9.11.3 Quantification of Zinc
217(1)
10 Laboratory Management
218(9)
10.1 Physical Facilities
218(3)
10.2 Laboratory Organization
221(1)
10.3 Marketing Laboratory Services
221(1)
10.4 Planning and Coordinating Laboratory Projects
222(1)
10.5 Reporting Laboratory Results
223(1)
10.6 Communicating with Clients, Regulators, and the Public
224(1)
10.7 Ethics in Laboratory Management
225(2)
References 227(12)
Index 239

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