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9780830415489

Sport Psychology : An Introduction

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780830415489

  • ISBN10:

    0830415483

  • Edition: 3rd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2001-11-07
  • Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
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List Price: $100.95

Summary

1. An Introduction to Sport Psychology. 2. Professional Issues in Sport Psychology. 3. Sport History: Antiquity to Colonial America. 4. Sport History: Colonial Period to the Present. 5. Behavioral Principles. 6. Anxiety and Arousal. 7. Anxiety Reduction: Classical Conditioning and Operant Learning. 8. Anxiety Reduction: Cognitive Learning Approaches. 9. Motivation: Attribution Theory and Need Achievement. 10. Motivation: Locus of Control and Self-Theory. 11. Social Psychology of Sport: Leadership and Group Cohesion. 12. Social Psychology of Sport: Audience Effects. 13. Aggression: Dimensions and Theories. 14. Aggression: Violence in Selected Sport Populations. 15. Introduction to Personality and Psychological Assessment. 16. Psychological Assessment in Sport Psychology. 17. Special Athletic Populations: Minority and Risk Sport Athletes. 18. Special Athletic Populations: Athletes Who Are Elite, Disabled, Injured, or Abuse Drugs. 19. The Female Sport Experience: Historical Roots and Psychological Concerns. 20. The Female Sport Experience: Sport Socialization, Psychological Variables, and Other Issues. 21. Youth Sport: Participation and Discontinuation Motives. 22. Youth Sport: Stress and Other Issues. 23. The Coach: Coaching Roles, Communication, and Psychological Variables. 24. The Coach: Youth, Female, and Black Coaches; Coaching Burnout. 25. Exercise Psychology: Physical Fitness, Exercise Adherence and Cognitive and Affective Benefits of Exercise. 26. Exercise Psychology: Runners and Exercise for Senior Citizens.

Table of Contents

PART ONE Introducing Sport Psychology and Sport History
An Introduction to Sport Psychology
1(12)
Organization of this Book
2(2)
What is Sport Psychology?
4(1)
What Do Sport Psychologists Do?
5(3)
Sport Psychology Professional Organizations
8(3)
The International Organization
8(1)
North American Organizations
8(1)
Australian, British, and Canadian Organizations
9(1)
Related Professional Organizations
9(2)
Summary
11(1)
Key Terms
11(1)
Suggested Readings
12(1)
Professional Issues
13(12)
Training for the Profession
14(1)
Credentialing
14(3)
Ethical Principles
17(1)
Image of the Profession
18(2)
Employment Opportunities
20(1)
Summary
21(1)
Key Terms
22(1)
Suggested Readings
22(3)
Sport History From Antiquity Through the Enlightenment
25(14)
The Ancient Near East and Asia
26(1)
The Greeks
27(4)
Homeric Greece
27(1)
The Early Athenian Period
27(1)
The Spartan Period
28(2)
The Later Athenian Period
30(1)
The Romans
31(3)
The Middle Ages
34(2)
The Byzantine Empire
34(1)
Christianity
35(1)
The Age of Chivalry
35(1)
Renaissance and Enlightenment
36(1)
Summary
37(1)
Key Terms
38(1)
Suggested Readings
38(1)
History of Sport and Sport Psychology in the United States
39(14)
Colonial America
40(1)
From the Revolutionary War Through the Civil War
41(1)
Technological Revolution, 1850--1900
42(1)
Eight Milestones in Recent U.S. Sport History
42(3)
A Brief History of Physical Education
45(1)
A Brief History of Psychology
46(1)
A Brief History of Sport Psychology
47(3)
Summary
50(1)
Key Terms
51(1)
Suggested Readings
51(2)
PART TWO Behavioral Principles and Applications
Behavioral Principles
53(18)
Classical Conditioning
54(1)
Operant Learning
55(12)
Basic Principles
55(1)
Behavioral Coaching Techniques
56(5)
Public Recording
61(1)
Changing Coaching Behaviors
62(1)
Conditioned Reinforcement
62(3)
Premack Principle
65(1)
Response Cost
65(1)
Training Variables
65(1)
Learned Helplessness
66(1)
Cognitive Learning
67(1)
Summary
67(1)
Key Terms
68(1)
Suggested Readings
69(2)
Anxiety and Arousal
71(16)
Determinants of Anxiety and Arousal
72(7)
Neurophysiological Mechanisms
72(2)
Psychological Mechanisms
74(1)
Effects of Anxiety on Competitive Performance
75(2)
Effects of Arousal on Competitive Performance: The Inverted-U Hypothesis
77(2)
The Measurement of Anxiety and Arousal
79(6)
Physiological Measures
80(2)
Psychological Measures
82(2)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Psychological and Physiological Measures
84(1)
Summary
85(1)
Key Terms
85(1)
Suggested Readings
86(1)
Anxiety Reduction: Classical Conditioning and Operant Learning Applications
87(10)
Classical Conditioning Techniques
88(4)
Extinction
88(2)
Counterconditioning
90(2)
Operant Learning Techniques
92(2)
Reinforced Practice
92(1)
Biofeedback Training
92(2)
Summary
94(1)
Key Terms
95(1)
Suggested Readings
95(2)
Anxiety Reduction: Cognitive Learning Techniques
97(16)
Imagery
98(4)
Visuomotor Behavioral Rehearsal
102(1)
Stress Inoculation Training
103(1)
Cognitive Control
104(2)
Hyposis
106(1)
Yoga, Zen, and Transcendental Mediation
107(1)
Psych-Up Strategies
108(1)
Summary
109(1)
Key Terms
109(1)
Suggested Readings
110(3)
PART THREE Social Psychological Dimensions
Motivation: Attribution Theory and Need Acheivement
113(20)
What is Motivation?
114(1)
Attribution Theory
115(12)
The Cognitive Model
115(5)
Social Cognitive Models
120(5)
The Functional Model
125(1)
Future Directions in Attribution Research
126(1)
Need for Achievement
127(3)
Murray's Contribution
127(1)
The McClelland--Atkinson Model
127(3)
Summary
130(1)
Key Terms
131(1)
Suggested Readings
131(2)
Motivation: Locus of Control and Self Theory
133(16)
Locus of Control
134(3)
Rotter's I--E Scale
134(1)
Levenson's Multidimensional Approach
135(1)
Locus--of--Control Measurement With Youth
136(1)
Current Status of the Locus--of--Control Construct
137(1)
Self Theory
137(4)
The Self
138(1)
The Self--Concept
139(1)
Self--Actualization
139(2)
Status of Research on Self Theory
141(1)
Some Final Thoughts on Motivation
141(6)
Sport Self--Confidence
141(1)
Sport Motivation
142(1)
Setting Performance Goals in Sport
142(1)
Explanatory Style
143(4)
Summary
147(1)
Key Terms
147(1)
Suggested Readings
148(1)
Social Psychology of Sport: Leadership and Group Cohesion
149(22)
Leadership
150(8)
Theories of Leadership
151(4)
Chelladurai's Multidimensional Model of Sport Leadership
155(3)
Player Leadership
158(1)
Evaluation of Leadership Research
158(1)
Group Cohesion
158(9)
Models of Team Cohesion
160(1)
Factors Affecting Team Cohesion
160(4)
Measures of Team Cohesion
164(3)
Two Final Notes
167(1)
Summary
167(1)
Key Terms
168(1)
Suggested Readings
169(2)
Social Psychology of Sport: Audience Effects
171(14)
Social Facilitation
172(1)
Other Drive Theories
173(1)
An Evaluation of Drive Theory
174(1)
Alternative Nondrive Models
174(1)
Interactive Audience Effects on Sport Performance
174(7)
The Home Advantage
175(4)
Basking in Reflected Glory
179(1)
Choking Under Pressure
180(1)
Summary
181(1)
Key Terms
182(1)
Suggested Readings
182(3)
Aggression: Dimensions and Theories
185(22)
Aggression Defined
186(2)
Dimensions of Aggression
188(3)
Provoked and Unprovoked Aggression
188(1)
Direct and Indirect Aggression
188(1)
Physical and Verbal Aggression
188(1)
Adaptive and Maladaptive Aggression
188(1)
Hostile Aggression, Instrumental Aggression, and Sport Assertiveness
188(2)
Aggression and Violence: One and the Same?
190(1)
Biological Theories of Aggression
191(1)
Psychosocial Theories of Aggression
191(2)
Cathartic Approaches
192(1)
Social Learning Approach
192(1)
Catharsis or Social Learning?
193(1)
Sociological Explanations of Aggression in Sport
193(1)
Contagion Theory
193(1)
Convergence Theory
193(1)
Emergent Norm Theory
194(1)
Value--Added Theory
194(1)
The Measurement of Aggression
194(1)
Factors Promoting Aggression
195(8)
Physical Factors
195(3)
Psychological Factors
198(1)
Sociological Considerations
199(4)
Critical Sport--Related Variables Affecting Aggression
203(1)
Point Spread
203(1)
Home / Away Factor
203(1)
Outcome
203(1)
League Standing
203(1)
Period of Play
203(1)
Summary
204(1)
Key Terms
205(1)
Suggested Readings
205(2)
Aggression: Violence in Selected Sport Populations
207(16)
Boxing
208(1)
Football
208(2)
Hockey
210(1)
Smith's Violence Typology
210(4)
Violence Among Female Athletes
214(1)
Violence Against Females by Male Athletes
214(2)
Violence Against Sports Officials
216(1)
Recommendations for Curbing Violence in Sport
217(4)
Management
217(1)
The Media
218(2)
Game Officials
220(1)
Coaches
220(1)
Players
221(1)
Summary
221(1)
Key Terms
222(1)
Suggested Readings
222(1)
PART FOUR Personality, Assessment, and Special Athletic Populations
Personality and Psychological Assessment
223(18)
Personality Defined
224(1)
Theories of Personality
224(4)
Biological Models
224(2)
The Psychodynamic Model
226(1)
The Humanistic Model
226(1)
The Behavioral Model
226(2)
Trait Theory
228(1)
The Interactional Model
228(1)
Problems in Sport Personality Research
228(3)
Conceptual Problems
228(2)
Methodological Problems
230(1)
Interpretive Problems
231(1)
Psychological Assessment
231(1)
What is a Test?
232(1)
Validity, Reliability, and Norms
233(3)
Validity
233(1)
Reliability
234(1)
Norms
234(2)
Sources of Error in Testing
236(1)
Faking Good
236(1)
Faking Bad
236(1)
Test Ethics and Sport Psychology
236(1)
Summary
237(1)
Key Terms
238(1)
Suggested Readings
238(3)
Psychological Assessment in Sport Psychology
241(22)
Tests of Enduring Personality Traits
242(4)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
242(2)
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
244(1)
Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) / Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
245(1)
State Measures Used in Sport Psychology
246(5)
Profile of Mood States (POMS)
246(2)
State--Trait Anxiety Inventory
248(3)
Sport--Specific Tests
251(6)
Athletic Motivation Inventory
251(1)
Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT)
252(1)
Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI)
253(1)
Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2)
253(1)
Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS)
254(2)
Other Sport-Specific Measures
256(1)
A Final Note
257(1)
Attitude Measurement in Sport
257(2)
Likert Scales
257(1)
Semantic Differntial Scales
258(1)
Thurstone Scaling
258(1)
Summary
259(1)
Key Terms
260(1)
Suggested Readings
260(3)
Special Populations: Minority and High--Risk--Sport Atheletes
263(28)
The Minority Athlete
264(13)
The African-American Athlete
264(2)
The Success of African-American Athletes
266(7)
The Hispanic Athlete
273(3)
The Asian-American Athlete
276(1)
The Native American Athlete
276(1)
The High--Risk--Sport Participant
277(10)
Sport Parachuting/Skydiving
278(2)
Hang Gliding
280(1)
Rock Climbing
281(3)
Scuba Diving
284(1)
Correlates of High-Risk-Sport Participation
285(2)
Summary
287(1)
Key Terms
288(1)
Suggested Readings
288(3)
Special Populations: Elite, Disabled, Injured, or Drug--Abusing Athletes
291(18)
The Elite Athlete
292(2)
Kroll's Personality Performance Pyramid
292(1)
Research on Exceptional Performance
292(2)
The Athlete With Disabilities
294(2)
The Injured Athlete
296(2)
The Athlete Who Uses or Abuses Drugs
298(7)
Prohibited Classes of Substances
299(3)
Prohibited Methods of Administering Drugs
302(1)
Classes of Drugs Subject to Restrictions
303(2)
Summary
305(1)
Key Terms
306(1)
Suggested Readings
306(3)
The Female Sport Experience: Historical Roots and Physiological Concerns
309(12)
A Brief History
310(5)
Ancient Greece
310(1)
The Modern Olympics
310(1)
Title IX Legislation
311(4)
Contemporary Forces in Women's Athletics
315(1)
The Physiological Dimension in Women's Athletics
315(4)
Menstrual Functioning
315(3)
Other Problems
318(1)
Summary
319(1)
Key Terms
319(1)
Suggested Readings
319(2)
The Female Sport Experience: Sport Socialization, Psychological Variables, and Other Issues
321(20)
Socialization Into Sport
323(4)
Role Confict
324(1)
The Family
325(1)
Acceptability of Various Sports
326(1)
Why Women Compete
327(1)
Psychological Variables
327(5)
Attribution Theory
327(2)
Fear of Success
329(1)
Psychological Androgyny
330(2)
Other Issues Involving Women in Sport
332(6)
The Media
333(1)
Homophobia
334(1)
Eating Disorders
335(3)
Summary
338(1)
Key Terms
339(1)
Suggested Readings
339(2)
Youth Sport: Motives for Participating and Withdrawing
341(12)
A Brief History
342(2)
Little League Baseball
343(1)
Concerns About Youth Fitness
344(1)
Motives for Participating in Sport
344(3)
Having Fun
346(1)
Skill Improvement
346(1)
Fitness Benefits
347(1)
Team Atmosphere
347(1)
Other Reasons
347(1)
A Final Note
347(1)
Motives for Withdrawing from Participation
347(3)
Primary Concerns
348(1)
Secondary Concerns
349(1)
AFA Recommendations for Making Youth Sport More Enjoyable
350(1)
Summary
351(1)
Key Terms
351(1)
Suggested Readings
352(1)
Youth Sport: Stress and Other Issues
353(16)
Stress and Youth Sport
354(2)
Competition: Product or Process?
354(1)
Competitive Stress
355(1)
Measures of Stress
356(1)
Cognitive Aspects of Competitive Stress
357(1)
Perceived Ability
357(1)
Success Expectancy
357(1)
Expectancy of Negative Evaluation
357(1)
Expectancy of Negative Affect
357(1)
Antecedents of Competitive Stress
358(1)
Parent---Child Interactions
358(1)
Interactions With Other Adults and Peers
358(1)
History of Success and Failure
358(1)
Elite Performance in Youth Athletes
358(2)
Violence in Youth Sports
360(2)
Health Risks Associated With Youth Sport
362(3)
Recommendations for Improving youth Sport
365(1)
Summary
366(1)
Key Terms
367(1)
Suggested Readings
367(2)
PART FIVE Coaching and Exercise
The Coach: Roles, Communication, and Psychological Variables
369(16)
Roles of the Coach
371(2)
What Makes a Good Coach?
373(2)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Coaching
375(4)
Communication and Coaching
379(1)
The Coach and the Sport Psychologist
379(2)
The Coach's Personality
381(1)
The Authoritarian Personality
381(1)
The Machiavellian Personality
382(1)
Summary
382(1)
Key Terms
383(1)
Suggested Readings
383(2)
Youth, Female, and Black Coaches; Coaching Burnout
385(18)
Coaching and Youth Sport
386(4)
The Coaching Behavior Assessment System (CBAS)
386(2)
Other Approaches to Improving Youth Coaching
388(2)
The Female Coach
390(2)
The Female Interscholastic / Intercollegiate Coach
390(1)
Reasons for the Decline in the Number of Female Coaches
391(1)
A final Note
392(1)
The African-American Coach
392(1)
Coaching Burnout
393(6)
Smith's Cognitive--Affective Model of Athletic Burnout
393(1)
Causes of Burnout
393(4)
Effects of Burnout
397(1)
Preventing Burnout
398(1)
Summary
399(1)
Key Terms
400(1)
Suggested Readings
400(3)
Exercise Psychology: Physical Fitness, Adherence, and the Cognitive and Affective Benefits of Exercise
403(18)
Physical Fitness
404(3)
Physical Fitness Defined
405(1)
Physical Benefits
405(1)
Psychological Benefits
406(1)
Exercise Adherence
407(5)
Predictors of Exercise Adherence
408(1)
Why People Drop Out of Exercise Programs
408(2)
Improving Exercise Adherence
410(2)
Cognitive and Affective Consequences of Exercise
412(5)
Cognitive Effects
412(2)
Effects of Mood
414(3)
Summary
417(1)
Key Terms
418(1)
Suggested Readings
419(2)
Exercise Psychology: Running Addictions and Exercise for Senior Citizens
421(16)
The Runner's Addictions
422(8)
Positive Addiction
422(1)
Negative Addiction
423(1)
Mood and Running
424(1)
Runner's High
424(1)
Marathon Runners
425(1)
Ultramarathoners/Ultrarunners
426(4)
Exercise and Competition for Senior Citizens
430(4)
Fitness Issues for Seniors
430(1)
The Competitive Senior
431(3)
A Final Note
434(1)
Summary
434(1)
Key Terms
435(1)
Suggested Readings
435(2)
References 437(44)
Author Index 481(8)
Subject Index 489

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