Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

Improving weather and climate prediction with better representation of fast processes in atmospheric models

Many atmospheric processes that influence Earth’s weather and climate occur at spatiotemporal scales that are too small to be resolved in large scale models. They must be parameterized, which means approximately representing them by variables that can be resolved by model grids.

Fast Processes in Large Scale Atmospheric Models: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities explores ways to better investigate and represent multiple parameterized processes in models and thus improve their ability to make accurate climate and weather predictions.

Volume highlights include:

• Historical development of the parameterization of fast processes in numerical models
• Different types of major sub-grid processes and their parameterizations
• Efforts to unify the treatment of individual processes and their interactions
• Top-down versus bottom-up approaches across multiple scales
• Measurement techniques, observational studies, and frameworks for model evaluation
• Emerging challenges, new opportunities, and future research directions

The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Yangang Liu, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA. Pavlos Kollias, Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University, USA.

Section I: General

Chapter 1. Introduction to Large Scale Models, Fast Physics and Challenges
By Yangang Liu, Leo Donner and Pavlos Kollias

Section II:  Processes and Parameterizations

Chapter 2: Radiative transfer and atmospheric interactions
By Kuo-Nan Liou

Chapter 3. Aerosols and aerosol direct effects
By Susanna Bauer

Chapter 4 Aerosol-cloud Interactions and their effects on climate
By Ming Yi

Chapter 5. Cloud Microphysics and Interactions with turbulence
By Hugh Morrison 

Chapter 6. Turbulent entrainment-mixing processes
By Chunsong Lu

Chapter 7. Shallow convection and convective clouds
By Minghua Zhang

Chapter 8. Deep convection and convective clouds
By Leo Donner

Chapter 9 Stratus and stratocumulus clouds
By Robert Wood

Chapter 10. Planetary Boundary Layer and processes
By Adrian Locke

Chapter 11. Land Surface and Interactions with atmosphere
By Fei Chen

Chapter 12. Gravity wave drags in the atmosphere
By Yaga Richter

Section III: Unifying Efforts

Chapter 13. Cloud-Resolving Models as Parameterization-Super-parameterization
By David Randall

Chapter 14. Parameterizations based on assumed Probability Density Function
By Vince Larson

Chapter 15.  Eddy Diffusivity and Mass Flux (EDMF) approach
By Joao Teixeira

Chapter 16. Subgrid variability and scale-aware parameterizations
By Robin Hogan

Chapter 17. Application of machine learning approach in parameterization development
By Mike Pritchard

Chapter 18. Top-down view of subgrid processes and parameterization development
By Grahm Feingold

Section IV: Measurements, Model Evaluation and Model-Measurement Integration

Chapter 19: Surface-based remote sensing of key properties 
By Pavlos Kollias

Chapter 20: Satellite remote sensing of key properties
By Anthony Davis

Chapter 21: In-situ and laboratory measurements of key properties
By Raymond Shaw

Chapter 22. Frameworks for evaluating climate and weather forecasting models
By Roel Neggers

Chapter 23.  Use of data assimilation for model evaluation
By Zhijin Li

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