9780822939238

The culmination of five years of intensive field work, this atlas presents data on 199 species of birds that breed in Maryland and the District of Columbia. Each species account contains information on habitat requirements, distribution, abundance, history, and nesting characteristics.

List of Figures and Tables

vii

(2)

Preface

ix

(2)

Coordinator's Messge

xi

(2)

Acknowedgments

xiii

Introduction

3

(3)

Purpose of the the Atlas Project

3

(1)

History of Grid-based Atlases

4

(1)

The Maryland/DC Atlas in Relation to Other Bird Surveys

4

(2)

Historical Summary

6

(2)

Procedures

8

(7)

Committees

8

(1)

Coordination

8

(1)

Forms

9

(1)

Maps

9

(1)

Block Size

9

(1)

Quarterblock Coverage

9

(3)

Status Codes

12

(1)

Atlas Safe Dates

12

(1)

Verification of Unusual Records

12

(2)

Data Processing

14

(1)

Coverage

15

(2)

Goals

15

(1)

Special Efforts

15

(1)

Special Studies

15

(2)

The Enviornment

17

(10)

Location and size of Maryland and the District of Columbia

17

(1)

soils

17

(1)

Physiographic Regions

18

(1)

Elevations

18

(1)

Lnad Use

19

(4)

The Presettlement Forest of Maryland

19

(2)

Forest Cover

21

(1)

Forest Composition

22

(1)

Area Constraints

23

(1)

Agriculture

23

(1)

Human Population

23

(1)

Climate

23

(4)

Temperature

25

(1)

Precipitation

26

Wind

26

(1)

Effects of Weather on Bird Populations

27

(1)

Flooding Rain

27

(1)

Prolonged Rain

27

(1)

Late Spring Freezes

27

(1)

Wind Storms

27

(1)

Results

28

(4)

Coverage

28

(1)

Bird Populations

28

(1)

Compostion of the Breeding Avifauna

28

(1)

Changes in the Breeding Bird Distribution

29

(3)

Long-term Changes

29

(1)

Short-term Changes

29

(3)

Conservation

32

(2)

Conservation Areas

32

(1)

Federal Lands

32

(1)

State Forests

32

(1)

State Parks

32

(1)

Wildlife Management Areas

32

(1)

Country and Municipal Parks

33

(1)

Preserves of the Maryland Ornithological Society

33

(1)

Sanctuaries of the Maryland Ornithological Society

33

(1)

Other Preserves

33

(1)

Using the Species Accounts

34

(4)

Original Drawing and Narrative

34

(1)

Atlas Map: Breeding Distribution, 1983-87

35

(1)

Atlas Summary Table

35

(1)

Map Breeding Distribution, 1958

35

(1)

Miniroute Map: Relative Abundance, 1983-89

35

(1)

USFWS Maryland BBS Trend Graph, 1966-89

36

(1)

Acronyms an Abbreviations Used in the Text

38

(1)

Species Accounts

39

(399)

Exotic Species Not Yet Established in Maryland or D.C.

438

(3)

Appendixes

441

(12)

A. Safe Dates for Maryland Breeding Birds

441

(2)

A. Abundance Definition

443

(2)

C. Former Breeding Species

444

(2)

D. Summer Vagrants Recorded on the Atlas

446

(1)

E. Nonavian Fauna Cited

447

(1)

F. Plants Cited

448

(2)

G. Total Atlas Species per Block

450

(3)

Literature Cited

453

(24)

Index

477

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Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Maryland and the District of Columbia

0822939231

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