9780792366256

Preface

xiii

Part I QUANTUM CONTACTS AND WIRES

Nonlinear Phenomena in Metallic Contacts

(24)

I. O. Kulik

Introduction

(4)

Atomic contacts

(3)

Ballistic microcontacts

(4)

Inelastic scattering and J--V nonlinearity in semiclassical contacts

(6)

Phonon trapping and relaxation

(2)

Thermal contacts and hot spots

(5)

Conductance Channels of Gold Atomic-Size Contacts

(8)

E. Scheer

W. Belzig

M. H. Devoret

D. Esteve

C. Urbina

Introduction

(1)

Determination of the transmission coefficients

(1)

Experimental techniques

(6)

Experiments on Conductance at The Atomic Scale

(16)

J. M. van Ruitenbeek

Introduction

(1)

Landauer formalism for electron transport

(1)

Atomic-size contacts

(2)

Superconducting subgap structure

(4)

Shot noise

(3)

Nearly-free-electron gas metals

(1)

Conclusions

(4)

Why Does A Metal-Superconductor Junction Have A Resistance?

(10)

C. W. J. Beenakker

Introduction

(1)

Andreev reflection and optical phase-conjugation

(2)

The resistance paradox

(4)

How big is the resistance?

(1)

Conclusion

(2)

Point-Contact Spectroscopy of Superconductors

(18)

I. K. Yanson

Introduction

(2)

Point-contact spectroscopy in the normal state

(3)

Excess current: Dependence on purity

(2)

Elastic contribution to excess current

(2)

Inelastic processes in excess current

(2)

Nonequilibrium phenomena

(3)

Concluding remarks

(4)

Atomic Structure, Quantized Electrical and Thermal Conductance of Nanowires

(16)

S. Ciraci

Introduction

(2)

Atomic structure of stretching metallic nanowires

(4)

Electron transport in nanowires

(4)

Quantized thermal conductance

(3)

Conclusions

(3)

Magnetotransport and Magnetocohesion in Nanowires

(10)

E. N. Bogachek

A. G. Scherbakov

U. Landman

Part II QOULOMB BLOCKADE AND THE KONDO PROBLEM

Mesoscopic Fluctuations of Co-Tunneling and Kondo Effect in Quantum Dots

105

(24)

L. I. Glazman

Introduction

105

(4)

Energy scales involved in the single-electron tunneling effects

109

(2)

The constant interaction model and its justification

111

(4)

Activationless transport through a blockaded quantum dot

115

(5)

Kondo conductance of a blockaded quantum dot

120

(4)

Conclusion

124

(5)

Quantum Smearing of Coulomb Blockade

129

(16)

K. A. Matveev

Introduction

129

(2)

Perturbation theory

131

(3)

The shape of the steps of Coulomb staircase

134

(7)

Summary

141

(4)

Coulomb Blockade in Single Tunnel Junction Connected to Nanowire and Carbon Nanotube

145

(16)

J. Haruyama

I. Takesue

Y. Sato

K. Hijioka

Introduction

145

(1)

Sample Structures

146

(1)

CB in an array of STJ/Ni-nanowire (Al/Al2O3/Ni-nanowire)

147

(7)

CB in an array of STJ/MWNT (Al/Al2O3/MWNT)

154

(5)

Conclusion

159

(2)

Transport Through Quantum Dots and The Kondo Problem

161

(8)

J. Konig

T. Pohjola

H. Schoeller

G. Schon

Introduction

162

(1)

Model Hamiltonian

162

(1)

Relation to the Kondo model

163

(1)

Real-time transport theory

163

(1)

Resonant-tunneling approximation: Zero-bias anomalies and magnetic-field dependence

164

(1)

Two-level quantum dot

165

(1)

Real-time renormalization-group approach

166

(3)

Coulomb Blockade in Quantum Dots with Overlapping Resonances

169

(16)

P. G. Silvestrov

Y. Imry

Introduction. The double-slit experiment

169

(4)

Semi-chaotic quantum dots

173

(2)

Coulomb blockade for a single broad level

175

(4)

Kondo effect

179

(2)

Conclusions

181

(4)

Part III DEPHASING AND SHOT NOISE

Dephasing and Shot-Noise in Mesoscopic Systems

185

(26)

Y. Levinson

Y. Imry

Introduction

185

(1)

General picture of quantum-mechanical dephasing

186

(4)

Physical derivation of the shot noise from the Landauer formulation

190

(4)

Formal derivation of the shot noise from scattering states formulation

194

(5)

Dephasing by a current-carrying quantum detector

199

(2)

Dephasing due to edge states

201

(2)

The detectability of T = O noise

203

(3)

Dephasing when T → 0

206

(5)

Charge Fluctuations and Dephasing in Coulomb Coupled Conductors

211

(32)

M. Buttiker

Introduction

211

(3)

The mesoscopic capacitor (macroscopic backgate)

214

(5)

Role of external impedance

219

(1)

Equilibrium dephasing in multilead systems

219

(2)

Charge relaxation resistance of a quantum point contact

221

(3)

Charge fluctuations and the scattering matrix

224

(2)

The mesoscopic capacitor: Mesoscopic gate

226

(3)

Nonequilibrium charge fluctuations and dephasing

229

(2)

The resistance Rv of a quantum point contact

231

(2)

Local charge fluctuations

233

(1)

Charge fluctuations of an edge state

234

(3)

Discussion

237

(6)

Transport and Noise in Multiterminal Diffusive Conductors

243

(8)

E. V. Sukhorukov

D. Loss

Introduction

243

(1)

Formalism

244

(1)

Applications

245

(6)

Memory Effects in Stochastic Ratchets

251

(8)

B. Tanatar

E. Kececioglu

M. C. Yalabik

Introduction

251

(1)

Theoretical background

252

(1)

Results and discussions

253

(6)

Part IV AHARONOV-BOHM EFFECT AND VORTICES

Non-Decaying Currents in Normal Metals

259

(24)

I. O. Kulik

Introduction

259

(1)

Persistent current in a long metallic stripe

260

(3)

Persistent currents in metallic rings and cylinders

263

(6)

Fluctuations of persistent current

269

(1)

Transverse persistent current

270

(3)

Berry's phase and oscillatory spin dynamics in mesoscopic rings

273

(4)

Exotic Aharonov-Bohm and Berry-phase effects

277

(6)

Persistent Current in a Mesoscopic Ring with Strongly Coupled Polarons

283

(10)

M. Bayindir

I. O. Kulik

Introduction

283

(1)

Persistent currents in mesoscopic rings

284

(2)

Electron-phonon interaction in the ring

286

(4)

Conclusions

290

(3)

Superfluidity and Planar Vortices in Systems with Pairing of Spatially Separated Electrons and Holes

293

(8)

S. I. Shevchenko

Introduction

293

(1)

Planar vortices in systems with spatially paired electrons

294

(7)

Part V JOSEPHSON EFFECT

Weakly Coupled Macroscopic Quantum Systems: Likeness with Difference

301

(20)

A. Barone

Introduction

301

(1)

Quantum liquids

302

(3)

Josephson effect in different macroscopic quantum systems

305

(8)

More on superconducting vs BEC Josephson weak links

313

(8)

Macroscopic Quantum Phenomena in Josephson Systems

321

(8)

P. Silvestrini

Introduction

321

(1)

Outline of the theory

321

(3)

Experiments

324

(1)

Conclusions

325

(4)

Vortex Confinement Phenomena in Mesoscopic Superconductors

329

(20)

V. V. Moshchalkov

V. Bruyndoncx

L. Van Look

J. Bekaert

M. J. Van Bael

Y. Bruynseraede

S. J. Bending

Introduction

329

(1)

Mesoscopic superconducting dots of different connectivity

330

(4)

Shapiro steps in a superconducting film with an antidot lattice

334

(3)

Pinning phenomena in Pb films with a regular lattice of magnetic Au/Co/Au dots

337

(12)

Part VI MESOSCOPIC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Superconducting Nanoparticles and Nanowires

349

(12)

M. Tinkham

Introduction

349

(1)

Superconductivity in nanoparticles: The superconducting size effect

350

(1)

Superconducting nanowires: A dissipative phase transition

351

(10)

Superconductivity in Ultrasmall Grains: Introduction to Richardson's Exact Solution

361

(10)

J. von Delft

F. Braun

Introduction

361

(1)

Richardson's exact solution

362

(6)

Comparison with other approaches

368

(1)

Conclusions

369

(2)

Superconductivity in Ultrasmall Metallic Particles

371

(10)

H. Boyaci

Z. Gedik

I. O. Kulik

Introduction

371

(1)

The model

372

(5)

Results

377

(4)

Tunneling Spectroscopy of Metallic Quantum Dots

381

(18)

M. Tinkham

Introduction

381

(1)

Theoretical overview

382

(1)

Sample preparation

383

(2)

Parameter evaluation by Coulomb staircase measurements

385

(2)

Discrete level spectra in normal grains

387

(2)

Effects of electron interactions: Clusters and finite level widths

389

(4)

Effects of shell structure, spin-orbit, and exchange interactions

393

(6)

Part VII QUANTUM COMPUTATION

Quantum Computation and Spin Electronics

399

(30)

D. P. DiVincenzo

G. Burkard

D. Loss

E. V. Sukhorukov

Brief survey of the history of quantum computing

399

(1)

Creating the quantum computer

400

(3)

Solid state proposals

403

(14)

Quantum communication with electrons

417

(8)

Conclusion

425

(4)

Decoherence of the Superconducting Persistent Current Qubit

429

(10)

L. Tian

L. S. Levitov

C. H. van der Wal

J. E. Mooij

T. P. Orlando

S. Lloyd

C. J. P. M. Harmans

J. J. Mazo

Introduction

429

(2)

Basic approach

431

(2)

Estimates for particular mechanisms

433

(3)

Other mechanisms

436

(1)

Summary

437

(2)

Quantum Computing and Josephson Junction Circuits

439

(10)

Y. Makhlin

G. Schon

A. Shnirman

Introduction

439

(1)

A model quantum computer

440

(1)

Josephson junction quantum bits

441

(2)

Coupled qubits

443

(1)

Environment and dephasing

444

(1)

Discussion

444

(5)

Part VIII NANO-ELECTRONICS

Recent Advances in Nanotechnology: An Overview

449

(8)

R. Ellialtioglu

Quantum Electron Optics and Its Applications

457

(10)

W. D. Oliver

R. C. Liu

J. Kim

X. Maitre

L. Di Carlo

Y. Yamamoto

Introduction

457

(1)

Equilibrium and non-equilibrium noise

458

(2)

Hanbury Brown and Twiss-type intensity interferometer

460

(1)

Quantum interference in electron collision

461

(2)

Electron entanglement

463

(2)

Summary

465

(2)

Physics and Applications of Photonic Crystals

467

(12)

B. Temelkuran

M. Bayindir

E. Ozbay

Introduction

467

(1)

Layer-by-layer photonic crystal

468

(2)

Resonant cavity enhanced detectors

470

(3)

Waveguide

473

(4)

Conclusion

477

(2)

Conductance in Metallic Submicron Cross-Junctions

479

(6)

R. Ellialtioglu

I. I. Kaya

Introduction

479

(1)

Hot-spot transistor

480

(1)

Experiment

481

(2)

Conclusion

483

(2)

Author Index

485

(2)

Citation Index

487

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Quantum Mesoscopic Phenomena and Mesoscopic Devices in Microelectronics

0792366255

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