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9781402004414

Trapped Particles and Fundamental Physics

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9781402004414

  • ISBN10:

    1402004419

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2002-05-01
  • Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub
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Summary

This book deals with fundamental physics with trapped particles, one of the most challenging and promising fields of investigation during the last decade, with impressive results. Experiments spanning very high resolution spectroscopy to Bose-Einstein condensation, tests of the Standard Model of electroweak interactions to precise mass measurements, detailed analysis of beta decay to QED tests are presented in this book by leading scientists: the most recent results are reported.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
List of Contributors
xvii
Comments on the Standard Model
1(10)
L. Caneschi
Foreword
1(1)
Lecture 1 - The role of the vacuum
1(4)
Lecture 2 - The role of the Lorentz group
5(1)
Lecture 3 - The role of the anomaly
6(5)
Electromagnetic Trapping of Cold Atoms: An Overview
11(30)
V.S. Letokhov
Road to the Physics of Ultracold Atoms
11(2)
Laser Radiation Force on an Atom
13(3)
Optical Trapping
16(9)
Trapping in Laser Beams
17(2)
Trapping in Standing Laser Waves. Optical Lattices
19(3)
Evanescent Laser Wave. Atomic Mirror
22(2)
Trapping in Optical Waveguides. Atomic Waveguides
24(1)
Magnetic Trapping
25(4)
Magneto-Optical Trapping
29(3)
Gravito-Optical Traps and Cavities
32(1)
Optical Trapping: Near-Field, Single Atoms, and Applications
33(8)
Quantum Degeneracy in Lithium Gases
41(26)
R.G. Hulet
J.M. Gerton
Introduction
41(1)
Interactions in Dilute Gases
41(4)
Mean-Field Theory
42(1)
Photoassociative Spectroscopy
42(2)
Implications of a < 0
44(1)
Apparatus and Methods for Making a BEC
45(3)
Magnetic Trap
45(1)
Evaporative Cooling
46(1)
Phase-Contrast Imaging
47(1)
Data Analysis
48(1)
Experimental Results
48(1)
Limited Condensate Number
48(1)
Dynamics of Condensate Growth and Collapse
49(4)
Theory
49(2)
Experiment
51(2)
Molecular Spectroscopy of a Bose-Einstein Condensate
53(7)
Spectroscopy
54(1)
Direct Observation of Growth and Collapse
55(4)
Growth of the Condensate
59(1)
Degenerate Fermi Gas of 6Li
60(2)
BCS Phase-Transition
60(1)
Experiment
61(1)
Future Experiments
61(1)
Conclusions and Outlook
62(5)
Experiments with two Colliding Bose-Einstein Condensates in an Elongated Magneto-Static Trap
67(24)
M. Modugno
C. Fort
F. Minardi
M. Inguscio
Introduction
67(2)
Experimental setup
69(2)
Gross-Pitaevskii theory for two coupled condensates
71(6)
Center-of-Mass Motion in the Trap
73(4)
CM dynamics after the ballistic expansion
77(7)
Systematics
80(4)
Condensate deformations and aspect ratios
84(4)
Collective Oscillations in the Trap
84(1)
Aspect Ratios after Expansion
85(2)
Condensate |1|
87(1)
Conclusions
88(3)
Optical and Magnetic Trapping of Fermionic Potassium
91(18)
G. Modugno
G. Roati
Introduction
91(2)
Sub-Doppler cooling in a magneto-optical trap and in optical molasses
93(1)
Cold collisions of fermionic potassium atoms
94(3)
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions of Ultracold Atoms
94(2)
Cooper Pairing and Feshbach Resonances
96(1)
Collisional physics in a tight optical trap
97(6)
A Standing-Wave Optical Trap
98(1)
Characterization of the Trapped Sample
99(2)
Elastic Collisions in the Optical Trap
101(2)
Magnetic trapping: prospects for evaporative cooling below the Fermi temperature
103(6)
Formation of Quantized Vortices in a Gaseous Bose-Einstein Condensate
109(16)
F. Chevy
K.W. Madison
V. Bretin
J. Dalibard
Introduction
109(2)
The rotating bucket experiment
111(1)
The experimental setup
112(2)
Single and multiple vortices
114(3)
Vortex nucleation versus stirring intensity and geometry
117(3)
Conclusions
120(5)
Spectroscopy with Trapped Francium
125(36)
L.A. Orozco
Introduction
125(1)
Francium production and trapping
126(10)
History
126(1)
Francium production
127(4)
The francium trap
131(5)
Spectroscopy of Fr
136(15)
Spectroscopy of 8S and 9S levels
137(3)
Lifetime of the 7p electronic levels
140(8)
Hyperfine anomaly
148(2)
the 7D states of Fr
150(1)
Experimental considerations for PNC
151(4)
Conclusions
155(6)
``White-Light'' Laser Cooling and Trapping
161(20)
S.N. Atutov
R. Calabrese
L. Moi
Introduction
161(1)
``White-Light'' Laser Cooling
162(6)
``White-Light'' Cooling of Fast Ions Confined in a Storage Ring
168(4)
``White-Light'' Magneto-Optical Trapping
172(4)
Magneto-Optical Trapping using Intercombination Transitions
176(1)
Conclusions
177(4)
Making Molecules From Laser-Cooled Atoms
181(20)
C. Gabbanini
A. Fioretti
Introduction
181(2)
Photoassociation Spectroscopy and molecules formation
183(4)
Rubidium molecules: experiment
187(2)
Rubidium molecules: results
189(4)
Molecules formation in absence of photoassociation
193(2)
Conclusion
195(6)
Entanglement Manipulation in a Cavity Qed Experiment
201(44)
M. Brune
Introduction
201(2)
Microwave CQED experiments: The strong coupling regime
203(5)
The experimental tools and orders of magnitude
204(1)
Resonant atom-field interaction: The vacuum Rabi oscillation
205(1)
``Quantum logic'' operations based on the vacuum Rabi oscillation
206(2)
Quantum non-demolition detection of a single photon
208(10)
Quantum non-demolition strategies
208(1)
The Ramsey interferometer for detecting a single photon
209(1)
Experimental realization
210(8)
Step by step synthesis of a three particles entangled state
218(9)
The SP-QND scheme as a quantum phase gate
218(3)
Building step by step three particle entanglement: Principle
221(1)
Detection of the three-particle entanglement
221(6)
Decoherence and quantum measurement
227(11)
Quantum measurement theory
227(3)
Observing progressive decoherence during a measurement process
230(5)
Theoretical analysis
235(1)
Decoherence and interpretation of a quantum measurement
236(2)
Conclusion and perspectives
238(7)
Mass Spectrometry at 100 Parts per Trillion
245(14)
D.E. Pritchard
J.K. Thompson
Introduction and Overview
245(1)
MIT Penning Trap
245(6)
Squid Detector
246(1)
Mode Coupling and II-Pulses
247(1)
Pulse and Phase: Comparing Similar Masses
247(1)
SOF: Comparing Dissimilar Masses
247(2)
Analysis: Making a Mass Table
249(2)
Towards Higher Precision
251(2)
Simultaneous Cyclotron Measurements
251(1)
Squeezing
252(1)
Electronic Refrigeration
252(1)
Scientific Applications
253(6)
Electric Dipole Moments and Ion Storage Rings
259(20)
I.B. Khriplovich
Introduction
259(1)
A Little History
260(1)
Molecular Electric Dipole Moments
261(2)
T-Odd Effects without CP Violation
263(1)
CPT Theorem: Intuitive Approach
264(3)
How does P-odd, T-odd interaction induce EDM?
267(1)
Upper Limits on Electric Dipole Moments
268(2)
Elementary particles
268(1)
Atoms and Nuclei
269(1)
Electric Dipole Moments at Storage Rings
270(9)
Idea of New Muon EDM Experiment
271(1)
Nuclear Dipole Moments at Ion Storage Rings
272(2)
Conclusions
274(5)
List of Participants 279

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