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9780125931304

Living and Dying in the USA

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780125931304

  • ISBN10:

    0125931301

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1999-10-01
  • Publisher: INGRAM
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Supplemental Materials

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Summary

The simplicity of using one data set in addressing the relationship of single variables to mortality distinguishes Living and Dying in the USA from other recent investigations of mortality. The authors use the recently released National Health Interview Survey and the National Death Index to make a definitive statement about demographics and mortality. By surveying demographic and sociocultural characteristics associated with mortality, socioeconomic effects, health-related conditions, and health status, they reveal connections among several factors related to mortality chances. Easily understood and cited, their study emphasizes the statistical methods underlying their revelations and invites readers to duplicate their results.

Table of Contents

Prologue xvii
Acknowledgments xix
PART I INTRODUCTION, OVERVIEW, AND DATA AND METHODS
Introduction and Overview
Factors Related to Mortality
5(5)
Demographic and Baseline Health Characteristics
7(1)
Social and Economic Factors
8(1)
Behavioral and Health Factors
9(1)
Outcomes
10(1)
Data Analysis
10(3)
Strategy of the Narrative
11(2)
Data and Methods
Data
13(7)
National Health Interview Survey
14(2)
Matching the NHIS to the Multiple Cause of Death File
16(2)
Data Issues and Limitations
18(2)
Measurement
20(4)
Mortality Measures
20(2)
Covariates of Mortality
22(1)
Missing Data
23(1)
Statistical Analyses
24(4)
Descriptive Analyses
24(1)
Discrete Time Hazards Modeling
24(3)
Statistical Inference in Complex Sample Surveys
27(1)
Health Selectivity
27(1)
Conclusion
28(3)
PART II DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
The Sex Differential in Mortality
Previous Literature on the Sex Mortality Gap
31(3)
Data
34(1)
Results
35(14)
Descriptive Statistics
35(2)
The Sex Difference in Overall Mortality
37(3)
Sex Differences in Cause-Specific Mortality
40(4)
Sex Mortality Differentials across Social and Economic Factors
44(5)
Conclusion
49(5)
Race/Ethnicity, Nativity, and Adult Mortality
Introduction
54(2)
Data
56(2)
Results
58(15)
Descriptive Statistics
58(3)
Race/Ethnicity, Nativity, and Mortality across All Adult Ages
61(5)
Separate Models by Age Group and Cause of Death
66(7)
Conclusion
73(6)
Family Composition and Mortality
Data and Methods
79(5)
Results
84(6)
Conclusion
90(5)
Religious Attendance, Social Participation, and Adult Mortality
Linking Religious and General Social Participation to Mortality
95(5)
Religious Attendance
97(1)
General Social Participation
98(1)
Selection Factors
98(1)
Mediating Factors
99(1)
Data
100(1)
Results
101(9)
Religious Attendance, General Social Participation, and All-Cause Mortality
103(4)
Age- and Cause-Specific Mortality
107(3)
Conclusion
110(5)
PART III SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS
The Effects of Basic Socioeconomic Factors on Mortality
Data and Measurement Problems
115(1)
Scientific and Policy Relevance
116(1)
The Widening Mortality Gap
116(1)
Conceptualizing and Measuring Socioeconomic Status
117(5)
Education
118(1)
Family Income
119(2)
Employment Status
121(1)
Methods
122(3)
Results
125(8)
The Effects of Education on Mortality
125(4)
The Effects of Income on Mortality
129(3)
The Effects of Employment Status on Mortality
132(1)
The Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Cause-Specific Mortality
133(1)
Conclusion
133(10)
The Effect of Occupational Status on Mortality
Healthy Worker Effect
143(1)
Occupational Status and Cause of Death
143(1)
Occupational Status Indices
144(1)
Central Aims
145(1)
Data and Methods
146(2)
Occupational Status Codes
146(2)
Results
148(6)
Comparisons among Those Currently Working
149(4)
Comparisons among Those Not Currently Working
153(1)
Cause-Specific Mortality
154(1)
Conclusion
154(7)
Health Insurance Coverage and Mortality
Data and Methods of Analysis
161(3)
Results
164(5)
Young and Middle-Aged Adults
165(1)
Older Adults
165(4)
Conclusion
169(8)
PART IV HEALTH CONDITIONS AND HEALTH STATUS
Perceived Health Status and Mortality
Past Studies of Health Status
177(3)
Measurement and Methods
180(1)
Results
181(13)
Conclusion
194(3)
Functional Limitations and Mortality
Age and Functional Limitations
197(2)
Functional Status Measures
198(1)
Data and Methods
199(3)
Results
202(8)
Functional Limitations for Adults Ages 65 and Over
202(5)
Functional Limitations for Adults Under Age 65
207(3)
Conclusion
210(11)
Mental and Addictive Disorders and Mortality
Definition of Terms
221(2)
The Effects of Mental and Addictive Disorders
223(3)
Mental and Addictive Disorders and Social Functioning
223(1)
Mental and Addictive Disorders and Physical Functioning
224(1)
Mental and Addictive Disorders and Effects on Other Family Members
224(1)
Mental and Addictive Disorders and the Risk of Death
224(2)
Data and Methods
226(3)
Results
229(8)
Conclusion
237(7)
Cigarette Smoking and Mortality
Past Studies of Cigarette Smoking and Mortality
244(2)
Newer Analysis and Its Significance
246(1)
Measurement and Methods
247(1)
Results
248(8)
Sex Differences
252(2)
Causes of Death
254(2)
Conclusion
256(4)
Alcohol Consumption and Mortality
Previous Studies of Drinking Behavior
260(1)
Previous Studies of Drinking and Mortality
261(1)
Data and Methods
262(1)
Results
263(6)
Conclusion
269(4)
Exercise and Mortality
Mechanisms through Which Exercise Reduces Mortality
273(2)
Physical
273(1)
Psychological
274(1)
Social
274(1)
Cross Training
275(1)
Potential Confounding Effects
275(1)
Data and Methods
275(1)
Results
276(3)
Conclusion
279(7)
The Influence of Other Health Behaviors on Mortality
Other Health Risk Behaviors
286(4)
Data and Methods
290(1)
Results
291(7)
Conclusion
298(5)
Conclusion
Demographic and Sociocultural Characteristics
303(4)
Socioeconomic Factors
307(1)
Health Factors
308(2)
Health-Related Behaviors
310(2)
Factors Related to Adult Mortality
312(1)
Directions for Future Data Collection and Research
313(3)
Underlying and Multiple-Cause Mortality
316(1)
Policy and Application
317(2)
Future Outlook
319(2)
Epilogue 321(2)
References 323(20)
Author Index 343(8)
Subject Index 351

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