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9780123706096

Web Dragons

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780123706096

  • ISBN10:

    0123706092

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2006-11-03
  • Publisher: Elsevier Science
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Summary

If you've ever searched the web for information and wondered what's going on behind that query box, I recommend you read Web Dragons. It puts Internet search engines in contextpart of a legacy of information access dating back thousands of years. It explains in plain language how search engines work, and points out potential pitfalls that thoughtful searchers should consider. Web Dragons is clear and engaging. Given the amount of time and trust we all invest in search engines, if you pay attention to the web I highly recommend redirecting some of that attention to this book. --Craig Nevill-Manning, Engineering Director, Google Search technology is changing the way people understand and interact with the world. Web Dragons takes a revealing look at the evolution of search and how it will shape the future of information technology. --Prabhakar Raghavan, Head of Yahoo! Research Witten, Gori and Numerico steadily bring the web into sharper and sharper focus. A daunting expanse is revealed to have structure. The structure enables the knowledgeable to navigate it to their benefit and allows the unscrupulous or careless to create pitfalls and traps. Search engines will be critical tools for most people living today. What could be more important than understanding how these technologies work and where they are going? --Jonathan Grudin, Microsoft Research In the eye-blink that has elapsed since the turn of the millennium, the lives of those of us who work with information have been utterly transformed. Pretty well all we need to know is on the web; if not today, then tomorrow. Its where we learn and play, shop and do business, keep up with old friends and meet new ones. What makes it possible for us to find the stuff we need to know? Search engines. Search enginesweb dragonsare the portals through which we access societys treasure trove of information. How do they stack up against librarians, the gatekeepers over centuries past? What role will libraries play in a world whose information is ruled by the web? How is the web organized? Who controls its contents, and how do they do it? How do search engines work? How can web visibility be exploited by those who want to sell us their wares? Whats coming tomorrow, and can we influence it? We are witnessing the dawn of a new era, starting right nowand this book shows you what it will look like and how it will change your world. Do you use search engines every day? Are you a developer or a librarian, helping others with their information needs? A researcher or journalist for whom the web has changed the very way you work? An online marketer or site designer, whose career exists because of the web? Whoever you are: if you care about information, this book will open your eyesand make you blink. About the authors: Ian H. Witten is professor of computer science at the University of Waikato, where he directs the New Zealand Digital Library research project. He has published widely on digital libraries, machine learning, text compression, hypertext, speech synthesis and signal processing, and computer typography. A fellow of the ACM, he has written several books, including How to Build a Digital Library (2002) and Data Mining (2005), both from Morgan Kaufmann. Marco Gori is professor of computer science at the University of Siena, where he leads the artificial intelligence research group. He is the Chairman of the Italian Chapter of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, a fellow of the IEEE and of the ECCAI, and former President of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence. Teresa Numerico teaches network theory and communication studies at the University of Rome 3, and is a researcher in Philosophy of Science at the University of Salerno. Previously she was employed as a business development and marketing manager for various media companies, including the Italian branch of Turner Broadcasting System (CNN and Cartoon

Table of Contents

List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xiii
Preface xv
About the Authors xxi
Setting the Scene
3(26)
According to the Philosophers
5(4)
Knowledge as Relations
5(2)
Knowledge Communities
7(1)
Knowledge as Language
8(1)
Enter the Technologists
9(5)
The Birth of Cybernetics
9(1)
Information as Process
10(2)
The Personal Library
12(1)
The Human Use of Technology
13(1)
The Information Revolution
14(6)
Computers as Communication Tools
14(1)
Time-Sharing and the Internet
15(2)
Augmenting Human Intellect
17(1)
The Emergence of Hypertext
18(1)
And Now, the Web
19(1)
The World Wide Web
20(5)
A Universal Source of Answers?
20(2)
What Users Know About Web Search
22(2)
Searching and Serendipity
24(1)
So What?
25(1)
Notes and Sources
26(3)
Literature and the Web
29(32)
The Changing Face of Libraries
30(11)
Beginnings
32(1)
The Information Explosion
33(2)
The Alexandrian Principle: Its Rise, Fall, and Re-Birth
35(2)
The Beauty of Books
37(4)
Metadata
41(7)
The Library Catalog
43(3)
The Dublin Core Metadata Standard
46(2)
Digitizing Our Heritage
48(9)
Project Gutenberg
49(1)
Million Book Project
50(1)
Internet Archive and the Bibliotheca Alexandrina
51(1)
Amazon: A Bookstore
52(1)
Google: A Search Engine
53(2)
Open Content Alliance
55(1)
New Models of Publishing
55(2)
So What?
57(1)
Notes and Sources
58(3)
Meet the Web
61(40)
Basic Concepts
62(10)
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
63(2)
URI: Uniform Resource Identifier
65(1)
Broken Links
66(1)
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
67(3)
Crawling
70(2)
Web Pages: Documents and Beyond
72(7)
Static, Dynamic, and Active Pages
72(2)
Avatars and Chatbots
74(1)
Collaborative Environments
75(2)
Enriching with Metatags
77(1)
XML: Extensible Markup Language
78(1)
Metrology and Scaling
79(6)
Estimating the Web's Size
80(1)
Rate of Growth
81(2)
Coverage, Freshness, and Coherence
83(2)
Structure of the Web
85(12)
Small Worlds
85(3)
Scale-free Networks
88(2)
Evolutionary Models
90(1)
Bow Tie Architecture
91(3)
Communities
94(1)
Hierarchies
95(1)
The Deep Web
96(1)
So What?
97(1)
Notes and Sources
98(3)
How to Search
101(44)
Searching Text
104(7)
Full-text Indexes
104(2)
Using the Index
106(1)
What's a Word?
107(2)
Doing It Fast
109(1)
Evaluating the Results
110(1)
Searching in a Web
111(17)
Determining What a Page Is About
113(1)
Measuring Prestige
113(5)
Hubs and Authorities
118(5)
Bibliometrics
123(1)
Learning to Rank
124(2)
Distributing the Index
126(2)
Developments in Web Search
128(3)
Searching Blogs
128(1)
Ajax Technology
129(1)
The Semantic Web
129(2)
Birth of the Dragons
131(11)
The Womb Is Prepared
132(1)
The Dragons Hatch
133(2)
The Big Five
135(2)
Inside the Dragon's Lair
137(5)
So What?
142(1)
Notes and Sources
142(3)
The Web Wars
145(32)
Preserving the Ecosystem
146(10)
Proxies
147(1)
Crawlers
148(1)
Parasites
149(2)
Restricting Overuse
151(1)
Resilience to Damage
152(1)
Vulnerability to Attack
153(1)
Viruses
154(1)
Worms
155(1)
Increasing Visibility: Tricks of the Trade
156(6)
Term Boosting
157(1)
Link Boosting
158(3)
Content Hiding
161(1)
Discussion
162(1)
Business, Ethics, and Spam
162(7)
The Ethics of Spam
163(2)
Economic Issues
165(1)
Search-Engine Advertising
165(2)
Content-Targeted Advertising
167(1)
The Bubble
168(1)
Quality
168(1)
The Anti-Spam War
169(5)
The Weapons
170(2)
The Dilemma of Secrecy
172(1)
Tactics and Strategy
173(1)
So What?
174(1)
Notes and Sources
174(3)
Who Controls Information?
177(34)
The Violence of the Archive
179(2)
Web Democracy
181(6)
The Rich Get Richer
182(1)
The Effect of Search Engines
183(2)
Popularity Versus Authority
185(2)
Privacy and Censorship
187(6)
Privacy on the Web
188(2)
Privacy and Web Dragons
190(1)
Censorship on the Web
191(2)
Copyright and the Public Domain
193(8)
Copyright Law
193(2)
The Public Domain
195(2)
Relinquishing Copyright
197(1)
Copyright on the Web
198(1)
Web Searching and Archiving
199(2)
The WIPO Treaty
201(1)
The Business of Search
201(5)
The Consequences of Commercialization
202(1)
The Value of Diversity
203(1)
Personalization and Profiling
204(2)
So What?
206(1)
Notes and Sources
207(4)
The Dragons Evolve
211(32)
The Adventure of Search
214(2)
Personalization in Practice
216(3)
My Own Web
217(1)
Analyzing Your Clickstream
218(1)
Communities
219(4)
Social Space or Objective Reality?
220(1)
Searching within a Community Perspective
221(1)
Defining Communities
222(1)
Private Subnetworks
223(6)
Peer-to-Peer Networks
224(3)
A Reputation Society
227(2)
The User as Librarian
229(4)
The Act of Selection
229(1)
Community Metadata
230(2)
Digital Libraries
232(1)
Your Computer and the Web
233(5)
Personal File Spaces
234(1)
From Filespace to the Web
235(1)
Unification
236(1)
The Global Office
236(2)
So What?
238(3)
Notes and Sources
241(2)
References 243(8)
Index 251

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