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9780471161745

Biogeochemistry of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780471161745

  • ISBN10:

    0471161748

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1998-10-26
  • Publisher: Wiley

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Summary

The definitive ecological guide to the Gulf of Mexico Estuaries Today the ecological health of the Gulf of Mexico--long the base of vast commercial fisheries--is at risk from a potent array of threats, from increased nutrient inputs to the loss of coastal wetlands that impact water quality. Never before has knowledge of the biogeochemical processes of the Gulf's estuaries and wetlands been so critical to its preservation, and yet until now research on this vital area has been fragmented. Biogeochemistry of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries offers a comprehensive, integrated examination of these vital natural resources and their ecology. Featuring contributions from a diverse group of expert scientists from all regions of the Gulf Coast, this interdisciplinary reference provides extensive coverage of what is known about biogeochemical processes--and the factors that regulate them--in warm temperate and subtropical systems. Organized around a framework that integrates geomorphology, sedimentary processes, nutrient cycling, and trace metals chemistry, it not only demonstrates how the Gulf's estuarine systems work, but also establishes a basis for how they compare with other, better-studied temperate estuaries. In addition, the book features a fascinating--and timely--examination of the effects of biogeochemical processes on estuarine management. Biogeochemistry of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries will be welcomed by ecologists, marine scientists, environmental activists, and anyone involved with managing these precious natural resources.

Author Biography

Thomas S. Bianchi is an associate professor in the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana. Jonathan R. Pennock is an associate professor at the University of Alabama and the Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama. Robert R. Twilley is Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Southwestern Louisiana in Lafayette, Louisiana.

Table of Contents

PREFACE xiii(2)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv(2)
CONTRIBUTORS xvii
SECTION I PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS 1(86)
Chapter 1 Geology and Hydrodynamics of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
3(26)
Introduction
3(1)
Geology
4(6)
Geologic Framework of the Gulf of Mexico
4(2)
Geomorphology of the Coastal Plains
6(1)
Sediment Regimes
7(3)
Hydrodynamics
10(12)
Forcing Functions
10(2)
Estuarine Dynamics
12(1)
Case Studies
13(9)
Summary
22(7)
Chapter 2 Hydrography, Mixing Characteristics, and Residence Times of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
29(34)
Introduction
29(2)
Factors Affecting Circulation and Mixing
31(7)
Tides
31(1)
Meteorological Forcing
32(1)
Precipitation and Evaporation
33(2)
Fresh-water Inflow
35(1)
Channelization and Dredging
36(1)
Water Impoundments, Diversions, Watershed Changes
37(1)
Salinity and Mixing Efficiency
38(9)
Salinity
38(2)
Fresh-water Inflows, Precipitation, Evaporation, and Tidal Prism
40(2)
Mixing Efficiency
42(5)
Estuarine Displacement Rate
47(4)
Estuarine Residence Times
51(6)
Definition of and Method for Computing Residence Time
51(2)
Fresh-water Fraction Method
53(1)
Residence Time Estimates
54(3)
Summary
57(6)
Chapter 3 Sedimentary Processes of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
63(24)
Introduction
63(1)
Sedimentary Processes
64(17)
Riverine Sediment Inputs
66(6)
Estuarine Turbidity
72(3)
Benthic Sediment Processes
75(6)
Summary
81(6)
SECTION II NUTRIENT DYNAMICS 87(150)
Chapter 4 Suspended Particulate and Dissolved Nutrient Loadings to Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
89(20)
Introduction
89(2)
Variability in Estuarine Nutrient Loading
91(4)
Dissolved Inorganic Nutrient Loading
95(5)
Relationship Between Fresh-water Turnover Time and Eutrophication
100(1)
Sources of Nutrient Enrichment to the Gulf of Mexico
101(2)
Summary
103(6)
Chapter 5 Nutrient Behavior and Phytoplankton Production in Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
109(54)
Introduction
109(2)
Coastal Embayments and Estuaries of Florida
111(9)
Florida Bay
112(8)
Tampa Bay
120(1)
River-Dominated Estuaries of the Northern Gulf
120(11)
Apalachicola Bay
120(5)
Mobile Bay
125(6)
Mississippi River Plume and Coastal Distributaries
131(2)
Fourleague Bay
132(1)
Texas Estuaries
133(7)
The Nueces River Estuary and Corpus Christi Bay
133(5)
Marsh Ponds and Delta Channels
138(2)
Coastal Lagoons of the Yucatan
140(11)
Celestun Lagoon
142(1)
Chelem Lagoon
142(6)
Dzilam Lagoon
148(1)
Rio Lagartos
149(2)
Discussion
151(12)
River-Dominated Estuaries
151(2)
Marine-Dominated Estuaries
153(1)
Coastal Lagoons
154(1)
Comparison of Gulf and Cool-Temperate Estuaries
154(1)
Ecosystem Responses to Nutrient Enrichment
155(8)
Chapter 6 Benthic Nutrient Fluxes in Selected Estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico
163(48)
Introduction
163(2)
Ecology of Benthic Nutrient Fluxes
165(5)
Factors Controlling Benthic Fluxes
165(4)
Benthic Fluxes and Ecosystem Stoichiometry
169(1)
Regional Description of Selected Estuaries
170(2)
Description of Benthic Studies
172(10)
Experimental Designs
172(4)
Environmental Conditions of Benthic Studies
176(6)
Patterns of Benthic Nutrient Flux
182(10)
Comparison Among Estuaries
182(5)
Spatial Patterns
187(2)
Seasonal Patterns
189(3)
Regulation of Benthic Fluxes
192(6)
Physical Conditions
192(1)
Bioturbation
192(1)
Sediment Quality
193(2)
Nutrient Loading and Distribution
195(3)
Ecological Significance of Benthic Fluxes
198(4)
Denitrification and N Loss
198(1)
Stoichiometry of Benthic Fluxes
199(2)
Contribution of Benthic Flux to Pelagic Productivity
201(1)
Summary
202(9)
Chapter 7 Wetland-Water Column Interactions and the Biogeochemistry of Estuary-Watershed Coupling Around the Gulf of Mexico
211(26)
Introduction
211(5)
Approach
216(1)
Flux Datasets
217(5)
Results of Flume Flux Relationships
222(9)
Single-Factor Comparisons
222(3)
Comparisons within Wetland Type
225(1)
Ecological-Geochemical Matrix
226(1)
Ecological-Geomorphological Matrix
227(1)
Geochemical-Watershed Coupling Matrix
228(2)
Ecological-Watershed Coupling Matrix
230(1)
Summary
231(6)
SECTION III ORGANIC MATTER CYCLING 237
Chapter 8 Particulate Organic Matter in Gulf of Mexico Estuaries--Implications for Net Heterotrophy
239(30)
Introduction
239(4)
EMAP-E Field Sampling and Analytical Techniques
243(1)
EMAP-E Field Data
244(8)
Salinity
244(1)
Isotopic and Elemental Analyses
244(6)
Bacterial Substrate Sources
250(2)
Implications for Net Heterotrophy
252(7)
Model Description
254(2)
R/P, Organic Matter Reactivity, and Residence Times
256(3)
Examples: Lake Pontchartrain and Sabine-Neches Estuaries
259(10)
Chapter 9 Dissolved Organic Matter in Estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico
269
Introduction
269(1)
Gulf of Mexico Estuaries
270(2)
Distributions of DOC
272(8)
Estuarine Mixing Behavior of DOC
272(4)
Seasonal Variations of DOC
276(2)
DOC Flux and Apparent Turnover Times
278(2)
COM in Estuaries
280(6)
Occurrence of COC
280(4)
Molecular Weight Distributions of DOC as Determined by Ultrafiltration
284(2)
Conformation of COM Revealed by AFM
286(1)
Cycling of DOM
286(7)
Elemental Composition of COM
286(4)
Carbon Isotopic Signatures
290(3)
The Role of DOM in the Transport and Fate of Trace Elements
293(1)
Summary
294

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