Acknowledgements | p. v |
List of Abbreviations | p. xiii |
List of Authors | p. xvii |
Social Protection and Social Inclusion in the EU: Any Interactions between Law and Policy? | p. 1 |
Social inclusion and social protection: high on the agenda of EU lawyers and policy makers | p. 1 |
Need for dialogue between legal and social policy scholars | p. 3 |
Is there any interaction between the legal and the policy discourse on social inclusion and social protection? | p. 5 |
Framing the discussion: a promising Treaty framework, but can it deliver? | p. 5 |
Health policy objectives recently laid down in a legal instrument driven by 'consumer protectionism' | p. 7 |
OMC Pensions and the EU legal realm: parallel worlds? | p. 9 |
Combating poverty: doubts about the feasibility of binding EU instruments | p. 10 |
A way forward for an adequate 'nesting' of social policy objectives? | p. 12 |
Modest Beginnings, Timid Progresses: What's Next for Social Europe? | p. 17 |
Introduction | p. 17 |
The challenge: closure vs. opening | p. 20 |
A new 'nested' architecture | p. 24 |
A more social EU: reconfiguring the patchwork | p. 28 |
Europe 2020 and its institutional potential | p. 37 |
Conclusion | p. 39 |
The EU Legal Framework of Social Inclusion and Social Protection: Between the Lisbon Strategy and the Lisbon Treaty | p. 41 |
Introduction | p. 41 |
Social inclusion and social protection under the Lisbon Strategy | p. 43 |
Social Europe under the Lisbon Strategy | p. 43 |
The OMC for Social Inclusion and Social Protection - empirical strengths and weaknesses | p. 45 |
Social inclusion and social protection under the renewed 'Lisbon 2020' Strategy | p. 47 |
Lisbon and the law - an opportunity missed? | p. 50 |
The Lisbon Treaty: new legal tools for European social inclusion and protection? | p. 52 |
The 'Other Lisbon' | p. 52 |
New Treaty objectives - but without new policy competences | p. 54 |
A new Treaty regime for social services? | p. 57 |
The social protection rights in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights | p. 62 |
From Lisbon to Lisbon: a strategy and a treaty compared | p. 67 |
The OMC and Beyond: 'Soft-to-Hard-to-Soft' Governance of Health Care in the EU | p. 71 |
Introduction | p. 71 |
The open method of coordination in health care: emergence and key features | p. 73 |
Emergence: the Commission's purposive optimism versus foot-dragging Member States | p. 73 |
The defining features of an incomplete method | p. 74 |
Common objectives: ambiguous words | p. 74 |
Reports to Brussels and (not so) soft recommendations | p. 76 |
Indicators: a growing but preliminary portfolio | p. 78 |
Policy learning through peer reviews | p. 80 |
Looking for a needle in a haystack: the impact of the health care OMC at the domestic level | p. 83 |
Prudent mirror effects | p. 84 |
Spreading of peer reviews as a domestic governance tool | p. 85 |
National steering capacity | p. 86 |
The needle in the haystack: health inequalities | p. 87 |
Tracing EU significance: a patchwork of soft governance and instrument hybridity | p. 88 |
OMC as a 'template' for EU soft law mechanisms | p. 88 |
Interaction with other (harder) EU instruments: 'soft-to-hard-to-soft' governance | p. 89 |
Soft governance and the European Court of Justice | p. 94 |
Explaining limited substantive impact: lack of ownership and actor rivalry? | p. 95 |
Ownership of a closed shop | p. 96 |
Actor rivalry | p. 97 |
Wrapping things up: 'soft-to-hard-to-soft' governance in the EU | p. 100 |
Harmonization in Health Care: The EU Patients' Rights Directive | p. 105 |
Introduction | p. 105 |
Background | p. 106 |
Summary of the case law | p. 109 |
The legislative context | p. 110 |
Renewing the social agenda | p. 110 |
Impact assessment: quantifying the case for codification | p. 111 |
The dynamics of 'old' and 'new' patient's rights | p. 112 |
Legal basis and scope | p. 112 |
Legal basis | p. 112 |
Scope | p. 114 |
Parallel regimes based on Articles 56 and 48 TFEU continued | p. 114 |
The right to treatment | p. 114 |
Undue delay: a time-limit which is medically justifiable | p. 116 |
The right to reimbursement | p. 117 |
Would an amendment of the social security rules have sufficed? | p. 117 |
Framing cross-border health care: the 'old' patients' rights | p. 118 |
Reimbursement of actual costs | p. 118 |
Supplementary conditions | p. 119 |
Non-hospital care: full liberalization | p. 119 |
Hospital care and specialized care: the end of prior authorization regimes? | p. 120 |
Reasons to refuse prior authorization | p. 122 |
Common principles for health care: the 'new' patients' rights | p. 122 |
The Social Policy Agenda | p. 122 |
Rights to accountability and transparency | p. 123 |
Universal applicability for the new patients' rights? | p. 124 |
Safeguards measures for Member States of treatment | p. 125 |
Cooperation | p. 125 |
Further analysis | p. 126 |
Prior authorisation requirements: liberalisation | p. 126 |
New patients' rights: harmonization | p. 127 |
Conclusion | p. 128 |
EU Coordination of Pension Policy: Policy Content and Influence on National Reforms | p. 131 |
Introduction | p. 131 |
EU 'direct' and 'indirect' coordination of national pension policy | p. 132 |
Stability and Growth Pact: procedures and content | p. 133 |
Stability and Growth Pact (I), 1997 | p. 133 |
Stability and Growth Pact (II), 2005 | p. 135 |
Stability and Growth Pact (III), 2010-11 | p. 137 |
OMC on Pensions: procedures and content | p. 139 |
Assessing the influence of EU coordination on national pensions | p. 144 |
What effect (if any) on national reforms? | p. 145 |
SGP assessment | p. 146 |
Pensions OMC assessment | p. 147 |
Conclusion | p. 150 |
Interactions Between Policy and Law Regarding Pensions | p. 153 |
Introduction: the research question | p. 153 |
The EU competence for pensions | p. 155 |
No true pension policy, only general social policy | p. 155 |
EU pension law: a generic term | p. 155 |
Freedom of movement of workers | p. 156 |
Freedom of establishment and services | p. 156 |
Free movement of capital and flow of payments | p. 157 |
High standards for employees' rights | p. 157 |
Equality between men and women | p. 157 |
The research question | p. 158 |
Pension provision under the social security regulations: limited EU power | p. 159 |
Coordination of social security schemes | p. 159 |
The research question | p. 161 |
Occupational, supplementary and individual retirement provision: some EU power | p. 161 |
General | p. 161 |
The IORP Directive | p. 162 |
The Insolvency Directive | p. 164 |
Quasi-Portability Directive 98/49 | p. 164 |
The Life Assurance Directive | p. 165 |
Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MIFID) | p. 165 |
Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS) | p. 166 |
Solvency II | p. 166 |
Tax issues | p. 167 |
Supervision: EIOPA | p. 169 |
The research question | p. 170 |
Conclusion | p. 171 |
Between Dream and Reality ... On Anti-Poverty Policy, Minimum Income Protection and the European Social Model | p. 173 |
Introduction | p. 173 |
The ritornello of the minimum income guarantee | p. 176 |
From 'harmonization' to 'convergence' | p. 176 |
The Lisbon Strategy, the OMC and the social indicators | p. 178 |
The Lisbon Treaty, the new social agenda for 2005-2010 and the EU 2020 targets | p. 180 |
Practices in the EU27 | p. 182 |
General social assistance schemes across Europe | p. 182 |
The common denominator of the European Social Model? | p. 185 |
Unity in Diversity | p. 187 |
Poverty trends and social assistance generosity | p. 190 |
The relationship between social assistance and poverty | p. 190 |
Lisbon and its poverty outcomes | p. 192 |
Between dream and reality stand concepts and practical considerations | p. 194 |
What is an adequate minimum income? | p. 195 |
Budgetary burden | p. 197 |
Impact on dependency traps | p. 200 |
Conclusion | p. 201 |
Union Law and the Fight Against Poverty: Which Legal Instruments? | p. 205 |
Introduction | p. 205 |
EU legal instruments for guaranteeing a minimum income: legal and political basis | p. 208 |
Providing adequate income support as a pillar in the active inclusion strategy | p. 208 |
EU legislative competences for a directive on minimum income schemes | p. 210 |
Free movement of persons and the right to minimum subsistence benefits | p. 214 |
Legal framework | p. 214 |
Union law guarantees access to minimum subsistence benefits in the host State to poor migrant workers | p. 216 |
Union law guarantees access to minimum subsistence benefits in the host State to former migrant workers and the members of their family | p. 217 |
Union law guarantees access to minimum subsistence benefits in the host State to first time jobseekers | p. 220 |
The right to free movement for economically inactive persons and equal treatment in the host State for minimum subsistence benefits | p. 221 |
Residence Directive 2004/38 and the self-sufficiency requirement for economically inactive Union citizens | p. 221 |
Union citizenship and access to social minimum benefits for economically inactive migrant Union citizens | p. 222 |
Unjustified interference by the EU into the national boundaries of minimum subsistence schemes? | p. 224 |
EU social security coordination and the access to social minimum benefits for migrant persons | p. 226 |
Conclusion | p. 229 |
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