This text deals from a fundamental viewpoint with the behaviour of polymers at surfaces and interfaces. Topics covered include the nature and properties of the surface of a polymer melt, the structure of interfaces between different polymers and between polymers and non-polymers, the molecular basis of adhesion, and the properties of polymers at liquid surfaces. Emphasis is placed on the underlying physical principles. Statistical mechanics models of the behaviour of polymers near interfaces are introduced, with the emphasis on theory that is tractable and applicable to experimental situations. Advanced undergraduates, graduate students and research workers in physics, chemistry and materials science with an interest in polymers will find this book of value.

Preface

vii

Introduction and overview

1

(7)

The surface of a simple polymer melt

8

(48)

Introduction

8

(1)

Surface tension and surface energy

8

(4)

Interfacial tensions, contact angle and wetting

12

(13)

More precise theories of the surface tension of simple fluids

25

(8)

Theories of the surface tension of polymers

33

(3)

Surface tension of polymer melts: the experimental situation and comparison with theory

36

(8)

The polymer surface at a microscopic level

44

(6)

Dynamics of the polymer surface

50

(4)

References

54

(2)

Experimental techniques

56

(71)

Introduction

56

(2)

Reflection of waves from interfaces

58

(29)

Ion beam methods

87

(14)

Surface spectroscopy

101

(6)

Direct measurement of forces between surfaces

107

(16)

References

123

(4)

Polymer/polymer interfaces

127

(60)

Introduction

127

(1)

Thermodynamics of polymer mixtures

128

(8)

Interfaces between weakly immiscible polymers: square gradient theories

136

(8)

Self-consistent field theory

144

(8)

Kinetics of formation of polymer/polymer interfaces

152

(20)

The morphology of immiscible polymer blends

172

(9)

Appendix to chapter 4. The random phase approximation

181

(3)

References

184

(3)

Adsorption and surface segregation from polymer solutions and mixtures

187

(57)

Introduction

187

(1)

Surface segregation in polymer mixtures

188

(11)

Adsorption from polymer solutions

199

(28)

Wetting and surface-driven phase separation in polymer solutions and mixtures

227

(14)

References

241

(3)

Tethered polymer chains in solutions and melts

244

(49)

Introduction

244

(1)

Polymer brushes in solution

245

(16)

Polymer brushes in melts

261

(7)

Block copolymers at polymer/polymer interfaces

268

(9)

Other interfacially active species at polymer/polymer interfaces

277

(5)

Phase behaviour of neat block copolymers in bulk and in thin films

282

(8)

References

290

(3)

Adhesion and the mechanical properties of polymer interfaces at the molecular level

293

(24)

Introduction

293

(2)

The strength of interfaces involving glassy polymers

295

(14)

The strength of interfaces involving rubbery polymers

309

(6)

References

315

(2)

Polymers spread at air/liquid interfaces

317

(56)

Introduction

317

(1)

Surface pressure isotherms: classification, theory and scaling laws

317

(11)

Organisation of polymers at the air/liquid interface

328

(19)

Interfacial dynamics of polymers at fluid interfaces

347

(9)

A generalised approach to capillary wave phenomena

356

(8)

Other effects and future applications

364

(5)

References

369

(4)

Index

373

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Polymers at Surfaces and Interfaces

9780521479653

0521479657

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