Tony Siew seeks to examine the events that will unfold within the three and a half years before the dawn of the kingdom of God on earth. He argues that John composed the textual unit of Rev 11:1-4:5 as a coherent and unified literary unit structured in a macro-chiasm. The macro-chiastic pattern provides the literary-structural framework for John to portray that the events of the last three and a half years unfold on earth as a result of what transpires in heaven. Specifically, the war in heaven between Michael and the dragon has earthly ramifications. The outcome of the heavenly war where Satan is defeated and thrown out of heaven to earth results in the war on earth between the two beasts of Rev. 13 and the two witnesses of Rev 11. The narrative of the war in heaven (12:7 2) is seen as the pivot of the macro-chiastic structure.

Preface

ix

List of Abbreviations

xi

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1

(66)

1. The Purpose of This Study

1

(3)

2. The Limitation of This Study

4

(1)

3. The Method of This Study

4

(3)

4. A Literary Analysis: A Methodological Approach

7

(30)

5. The Macro-Chiasm

37

(10)

6. The Criteria for Evaluating a Macro-Chiasm

47

(6)

7. Other Features of Hebraic Rhetoric: Parataxis and Structural Parallelism

53

(11)

8. The Plan of this Study

64

(1)

9. Summary

65

(2)

Chapter 2 THE LITERARY UNITY OF REVELATION 11.1-14.5

67

(17)

1. Introduction

67

(1)

2. The Unity of Revelation 11.1-14.5

67

(3)

3. The Leitwörter and Key Motifs in Revelation 11.1-14.5

70

(5)

4. The Macro-Chiasm of Revelation 11.1-14.5

75

(5)

5. The Frame Passages of Revelation 11.1-14.5: 10.11 and 14.6-7

80

(3)

6. Conclusion

83

(1)

Chapter 3 A LITERARY-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF REVELATION 11.1-19

84

(39)

1. Introduction

84

(1)

2. The Genre of Revelation 11.1-13

84

(1)

3. The Temple and the City in Revelation 11.1-13: The Spatial Indicator

85

(3)

4. The three-and-a-half in Revelation 11.1-13: The Temporal Indicator

88

(1)

5. The Measuring of the Temple, Altar, and the Worshippers (Revelation 11.1-2)

89

(14)

6. The Parallelism of Revelation 11.2-3

103

(4)

7. The Ministry of the Two Witnesses (Revelation 11.3-6)

107

(3)

8. The Death and the Vindication of the Two Witnesses (Revelation 11.7-13)

110

(3)

9. 'The Second Woe has passed; Behold, the Third Woe comes quickly' (Revelation 11.14, 15-19)

113

(9)

10. Conclusion

122

(1)

Chapter 4 A LITERARY-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF REVELATION 12.1-14.5

123

(59)

1. Introduction

123

(1)

2. The Signs of Revelation 12.1-17

123

(1)

3. The Chiasm of Revelation 12.1-17

124

(25)

4. The Meaning and Significance of the Signs

149

(19)

5. The Career of the First Beast (Revelation i3.1-10)

168

(7)

6. The Career of the Second Beast (Revelation 13.11-18)

175

(5)

7. The Concluding Unit (Revelation 14.1-5)

180

(1)

8. Summary

181

(1)

Chapter 5 THE ABCDD'C'B'A' PARALLELS: TESTING THE MACRO-CHIASM

182

(32)

1. Introduction

182

(1)

2. The AA' Parallels (11.1-2=14.1-5): The Inclusio of Revelation 11.1-14.5

182

(16)

3. The BB' Pair (11.3-6; 13.11-18): The Two Prophets vs. The False Prophet

198

(3)

4. The CC' Pair (11.7-13; 13.7-10): The Making of War and Conquering of the Two Witnesses and the Saints

201

(4)

5. The DD' Pair (11.15-19; 13.1-6): The Kingdom of the Lord and his Christ and the Throne and Power of the Dragon and the Beast

205

(4)

6. Testing the Macro-Chiasm of Revelation 11.1-14.5 (ABCDEFGF' E'D'C'B'A')

209

(3)

7. Conclusion

212

(2)

Chapter 6 THE IDENTITY OF THE TWO WITNESSES AND THE TWO BEASTS

214

(65)

1. Introduction

214

(1)

2. The Two Witnesses as Prophets

215

(4)

3. The Two Olive Trees and the Two Lampstands

219

(14)

4. The Signs of the Two Witnesses

233

(16)

5. Summary

249

(1)

6. The Identity of the (First) Beast

250

(16)

7. The Identity of the Second Beast

266

(6)

8. The War Waged by the Two Witnesses against the Two Beasts

272

(5)

9. Conclusion

277

(2)

Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

279

(7)

1. Summary and Findings

279

(5)

2. Suggestions for Further Study

284

(1)

3. Final Conclusion

284

(2)

Bibliography

286

(29)

Index of References

315

(12)

Index of Authors

327

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The War Between the Two Beasts and the Two Witnesses A Chiastic Reading of Revelation 11:1-14:5

9780567030214

0567030210

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