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9781583211175

Relative Dominance of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes in Treated Drinking Water

by ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9781583211175

  • ISBN10:

    1583211179

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2002-05-01
  • Publisher: Amer Water Works Assn
  • Purchase Benefits
List Price: $398.66
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Table of Contents

List of Tables
ix
List of Figures
xiii
Foreword xxvii
Preface xxix
Acknowledgments xxxi
Executive Summary xxxiii
Introduction
1(6)
Objectives
1(1)
Background
1(2)
Approach
3(1)
Organization of Report
4(3)
Measurement and Stability of Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water
7(54)
Introduction
7(1)
Study Design and Objective
8(1)
Current Analytical Methods
8(4)
Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) With Derivatization
10(1)
Haloacetic Acid Stability Issues
11(1)
Materials and Methods
12(13)
Glassware and Reagents
12(4)
Current Analytical Methods
16(9)
Method Development
25(34)
Extraction and Analysis
25(16)
Interlaboratory HAA9 Analysis
41(2)
Stability of Haloacetic Acids
43(1)
Impact of Biodegradation on Haloacetic Acid Stability
44(3)
Impact of Chlorination on Haloacetic Acid Stability
47(2)
Impact of Biocide on Haloacetic Acid Stability
49(3)
Impact of a Chlorine-Quenching Agent on Haloacetic Acids
52(2)
Sample Stabilization
54(5)
Summary and Conclusions
59(2)
Impact of Water Quality and Treatment Characteristics on Haloacetic acid and Trihalomethane Formation under Controlled Laboratory Chlorination Conditions
61(76)
Introduction
61(1)
Materials and Methods
61(16)
General Approach
61(3)
Preparation of Glassware
64(1)
Fractionation of Natural Organic Matter
64(2)
Coagulation Procedure
66(2)
Chlorination Procedure
68(2)
Analytical Methods
70(7)
Results and Discussion
77(56)
Fractionation of Natural Organic Matter in Raw Waters
77(2)
Coagulation of Raw Waters
79(3)
Characteristics of Water Fractions Before Chlorination
82(2)
Effects of Water Quality and Treatment Characteristics on the Formation and Distribution of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes
84(40)
Surrogate Parameters of Disinfection By-product Production
124(9)
Conclusions
133(4)
Analysis of Information Collection Rule Data For Haoloacetic Acid and Triohalomethane Occurrence
137(34)
Introduction
137(1)
Objectives
138(1)
HAA3 Predictive Model
138(1)
Procedures
139(4)
Relative Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Concentrations
140(1)
Prediction of HAA3
141(1)
Cumulative Frequency Distributions
142(1)
Results and Discussion
143(22)
Relative Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Concentrations in the Information Collection Rule Database
143(1)
Prediction of HAA3
144(3)
Comparison of Frequency Distributions and Application of the Model
147(7)
Application of Model to Explore Factors Influencing Haloacetic Acid and Trihalomethane Distribution
154(11)
Summary and Conclusions
165(6)
Impact of Water Quality and Treatment Characteristics on Haloacetic Acid and Trihalomethane Concentrations in Selected Full-Scale Water Treatment Systems
171(28)
Introduction
171(1)
Procedures
171(2)
Sampling Procedure
172(1)
Laboratory Procedures
173(1)
Results and Discussion
173(23)
Water Quality Characteristics
173(2)
Plant-Scale Results
175(18)
Additional Observations
193(3)
Summary and Conclusions
196(3)
Evaluation of the Biodegradation/Biostability of Haloacetic Acids and Trihalomethanes in a Simulated Distribution System
199(40)
Introduction
199(1)
Approach
199(2)
Materials and Methods
201(11)
Weymouth Plant
201(2)
Annular Reactors
203(1)
Annual Reactor Dechlor(am)ination
203(2)
Bacterial Spiking Experiment
205(1)
Analytical Parameters
206(5)
Sampling Dates
211(1)
Results
212(27)
Temperature and pH
212(1)
Chlorine Residual
212(3)
Disinfection By-product Degradation
215(13)
Suspended and Fixed Biomass
228(11)
Control of Haloacetic Acid Concentrations by Biofiltration: A Case Study
239(12)
Introduction
239(1)
Procedures
239(2)
Results and Discussion
241(9)
Conclusions
250(1)
Conclusions
251(6)
pH
251(1)
Natural Organic Matter
252(1)
Temperature
253(1)
Bromide
254(1)
Reaction Time
254(1)
Biodegradation
255(1)
Summary of Conclusions
256(1)
Appendix A: procedure for HAA9 Analysis 257(6)
Appendix B: Data for HAA9 Stability in water 263(4)
Appendix C: Data for Stability of HAA9 in presence of free chlorine 267(4)
Appendix D: Data for HAA9 Stability in Presence of Quenching Agents 271(10)
References 281(12)
Abbreviations 293

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